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Tommasi F, Lyons DM, Pagano G, Oral R, Thomas PJ, Eccles KM, Tez S, Toscanesi M, Giarra A, Siciliano A, Dipierro N, Gjata I, Guida M, Libralato G, Jaklin A, Burić P, Kovačić I, Trifuoggi M. Geospatial pattern of topsoil pollution and multi-endpoint toxicity in the petrochemical area of Augusta-Priolo (eastern Sicily, Italy). Chemosphere 2023; 333:138802. [PMID: 37146778 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at identifying geospatial patterns of pollutants including concentrations and toxicity as complex environmental mixtures, in topsoil samples close to petrochemical facilities in the heavily industrialized area of Augusta and Priolo in south-eastern Sicily (Italy). Elemental analysis of soil was conducted by ICP-MS for 23 metals and 16 rare earth elements (REEs). Organic analyses were primarily focused on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (16 parent homologs) and total aliphatic hydrocarbons (C10 - C40). Topsoil samples were tested for toxicity in multiple bioassay models including: 1) developmental defects and cytogenetic anomalies in sea urchin Sphaerechinus granularis early life stages; 2) growth inhibition of diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum; 3) mortality in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans; and 4) induction of mitotic abnormalities in onion Allium cepa. Samples collected at sites closest to defined petrochemical facilities were highest in select pollutants and correlated with biological effects in different toxicity endpoints. A noteworthy finding was the increased level of total REEs in sites closest to petrochemical facilities, suggesting their contributions to identifying petrochemical sources of pollutants to the environment. The combined data obtained in the different bioassays allowed exploration of geospatial patterns of effect in biota as a function of contaminant levels. In conclusion, this study provides consistent data of soil toxicity, metal and REE contamination at Augusta-Priolo sampling sites, and may provide an appropriate baseline for epidemiological studies on high incidences of congenital birth defects in the area and identification of at-risk localities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Tommasi
- University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniel M Lyons
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine Research, HR-52210, Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Giovanni Pagano
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Chemical Sciences, I-80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rahime Oral
- Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, TR-35100, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Philippe J Thomas
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science Technology Branch, National Wildlife Research Center - Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Kristin M Eccles
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of the National Toxicology Program, Durham, NC, 27713, USA
| | - Serkan Tez
- Ege University, Faculty of Fisheries, TR-35100, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Maria Toscanesi
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Chemical Sciences, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Giarra
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Chemical Sciences, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Nunzio Dipierro
- University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Isidora Gjata
- University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Biology, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Biology, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrej Jaklin
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine Research, HR-52210, Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Petra Burić
- Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, HR-52100, Pula, Croatia
| | - Ines Kovačić
- Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, HR-52100, Pula, Croatia
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Chemical Sciences, I-80126, Naples, Italy
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Pagano G, Brouziotis AA, Lyons D, Čarapar I, Oral R, Tez S, Thomas PJ, Tommasi F, Libralato G, Guida M, Trifuoggi M. Hormetic Effects of Cerium, Lanthanum and Their Combination at Sub-micromolar Concentrations in Sea Urchin Sperm. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2023; 110:65. [PMID: 36922429 PMCID: PMC10017572 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03701-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) cerium (Ce) and lanthanum (La) and their combination were tested across a concentration range, from toxic (10-4 to 10-5 M) to lower concentrations (10-6 to 10-8 M) for their effects on sea urchin (Sphaerechinus granularis) sperm. A significantly decreased fertilization rate (FR) was found for sperm exposed to 10-5 M Ce, La and their combination, opposed to a significant increase of FR following 10-7 and 10-8 M REE sperm exposure. The offspring of REE-exposed sperm showed significantly increased developmental defects following sperm exposure to 10-5 M REEs vs. untreated controls, while exposure to 10-7 and 10-8 M REEs resulted in significantly decreased rates of developmental defects. Both of observed effects-on sperm fertilization success and on offspring quality-were closely exerted by Ce or La or their combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pagano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, I-80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonios Apostolos Brouziotis
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, I-80126, Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, Federico II Naples University, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniel Lyons
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-52210, Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Ivana Čarapar
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-52210, Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Rahime Oral
- Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, Bornova, TR-35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Tez
- Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, Bornova, TR-35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Philippe J Thomas
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science & Technology Branch, National Wildlife Research Center, Carleton University, K1A 0H3, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Franca Tommasi
- Department of Biology, "Aldo Moro" Bari University, I-70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Department of Biology, Federico II Naples University, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, Federico II Naples University, I-80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, I-80126, Naples, Italy
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Burić P, Kovačić I, Jurković L, Tez S, Oral R, Landeka N, Lyons DM. Polymer Chemical Identity as a Key Factor in Microplastic-Insecticide Antagonistic Effects during Embryogenesis of Sea Urchin Arbacia lixula. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044136. [PMID: 36835548 PMCID: PMC9963837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As a proxy for pollutants that may be simultaneously present in urban wastewater streams, the effects of two microplastics-polystyrene (PS; 10, 80 and 230 μm diameter) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA; 10 and 50 μm diameter)-on fertilisation and embryogenesis in the sea urchin Arbacia lixula with co-exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide cypermethrin were investigated. Synergistic or additive effects were not seen for plastic microparticles (50 mg L-1) in combination with cypermethrin (10 and 1000 μg L-1) based on evaluation of skeletal abnormalities or arrested development and death of significant numbers of larvae during the embryotoxicity assay. This behaviour was also apparent for male gametes pretreated with PS and PMMA microplastics and cypermethrin, where a reduction in sperm fertilisation ability was not evidenced. However, a modest reduction in the quality of the offspring was noted, suggesting that there may be some transmissible damage to the zygotes. PMMA microparticles were more readily taken up than PS microparticles, which could suggest surface chemical identity as potentially modulating the affinity of larvae for specific plastics. In contrast, significantly reduced toxicity was noted for the combination of PMMA microparticles and cypermethrin (100 μg L-1), and may be related to less ready desorption of the pyrethroid than PS, as well as cypermethrin activating mechanisms that result in reduced feeding and hence decreased ingestion of microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Burić
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, 52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Ines Kovačić
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, 52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Lara Jurković
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Serkan Tez
- Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Rahime Oral
- Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nediljko Landeka
- Teaching Institute of Public Health of the Istrian County, 52100 Pula, Croatia
| | - Daniel M. Lyons
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia
- Correspondence:
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Rezg R, Oral R, Tez S, Mornagui B, Pagano G, Trifuoggi M. Cytogenetic and developmental toxicity of bisphenol A and bisphenol S in Arbacia lixula sea urchin embryos. Ecotoxicology 2022; 31:1087-1095. [PMID: 35838932 PMCID: PMC9458557 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02568-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BP-S) is one of the most important substitutes of bisphenol A (BP-A), and its environmental occurrence is predicted to intensify in the future. Both BP-A and BP-S were tested for adverse effects on early life stages of Arbacia lixula sea urchins at 0.1 up to 100 µM test concentrations, by evaluating cytogenetic and developmental toxicity endpoints. Embryonic malformations and/or mortality were scored to determine embryotoxicity (72 h post-fertilization). It has been reported in academic dataset that bisphenols concentration reached μg/L in aquatic environment of heavily polluted areas. We have chosen concentrations ranging from 0.1-100 μM in order to highlight, in particular, BP-S effects. Attention should be paid to this range of concentrations in the context of the evaluation of the toxicity and the ecological risk of BP-S as emerging pollutant. Cytogenetic toxicity was measured, using mitotic activity and chromosome aberrations score in embryos (6 h post-fertilization). Both BP-A and BP-S exposures induced embryotoxic effects from 2.5 to 100 µM test concentrations as compared to controls. Malformed embryo percentages following BP-A exposure were significantly higher than in BP-S-exposed embryos from 0.25 to 100 µM (with a ~5-fold difference). BP-A, not BP-S exhibited cytogenetic toxicity at 25 and 100 µM. Our results indicate an embryotoxic potential of bisphenols during critical periods of development with a potent rank order to BP-A vs. BP-S. Thus, we show that BP-A alternative induce similar toxic effects to BP-A with lower severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Rezg
- University of Monastir, ISBM, Biolival LR-14ES06, TN-5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rahime Oral
- Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, TR-35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Tez
- Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, TR-35100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bessem Mornagui
- Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, LR-18ES36, University of Gabes, TN-6072, Zrig, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Giovanni Pagano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, I-80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, I-80126, Naples, Italy
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Tez S, Oral R, Koçbaş F, Koru E, Türkçü N, Pagano G, Trifuoggi M. Comparative multi-species analysis of potassium cyanide toxicity. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 182:113965. [PMID: 35872477 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Tez
- Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, TR-35100 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Rahime Oral
- Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, TR-35100 İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Koçbaş
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, TR-45140 Manisa, Turkey
| | - Edis Koru
- Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, TR-35100 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Türkçü
- Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, TR-35100 İzmir, Turkey
| | - Giovanni Pagano
- Federico II Naples University, Department of Chemical Sciences, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Federico II Naples University, Department of Chemical Sciences, I-80126 Naples, Italy
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Thomas PJ, Oral R, Pagano G, Tez S, Toscanesi M, Ranieri P, Trifuoggi M, Lyons DM. Mild toxicity of polystyrene and polymethylmethacrylate microplastics in Paracentrotus lividus early life stages. Mar Environ Res 2020; 161:105132. [PMID: 32906061 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The vast category of microplastics in the marine environment, encompassing among other aspects their persistence, degradation and impact on biota, has become an important topic of research. In spite of environmental health concerns, much work has yet to be done on understanding the potential roles of polymer sources, composition and particle sizes in causing adverse effects which have already been observed in a number of biota. The present study was aimed at adding to current knowledge by verifying if, and to what extent, embryogenesis in the sea urchin species Paracentrotus lividus is adversely affected by polystyrene and polymethylmethacrylate virgin microparticles over a size range 1-230 μm and at concentrations of 0.1-10 mg L-1. Developing embryos which came in contact with the microplastics only after fertilisation did not display a significant increase of developmental defects. Unlike embryo exposures, when P. lividus sperm were exposed to the microplastics or their leachates, modest, yet significant effects were observed, both in terms of decreased fertilisation rate and increase of transmissible damage to offspring. Further, it was noted that larvae more readily ingested polymethylmethacrylate than polystyrene microparticles after 3 days which may represent a route for enhancing the toxicity of the former compared to the latter. Overall, these findings provide evidence for lesser sensitivity of P. lividus early life stages to microplastics compared to other urchins such as Sphaerechinus granularis. In turn, the more robust response of P. lividus highlights the importance of choosing an appropriate test species with the highest sensitivity when investigating mildly harmful materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe J Thomas
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science & Technology Branch, National Wildlife Research Center - Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Rahime Oral
- Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, TR-35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Giovanni Pagano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, ACELAB, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Serkan Tez
- Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, TR-35100 Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Maria Toscanesi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, ACELAB, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ranieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, ACELAB, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, ACELAB, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniel M Lyons
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, HR-52210 Rovinj, Croatia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tez
- Radiology Clinic 19 Mayıs Hospital Dikmen, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Tez
- Surgery Clinic Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Tez
- Department of Radiology; 19 Mayis Hospital; Dikmen Ankara Turkey
| | - M. Tez
- Surgery Clinic; Numune Training and Research Hospital; Sıhhiye Ankara Turkey
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To present normal lens and orbital measurement ranges by gestational age. METHODS Three hundred and thirty-five women with uneventful pregnancies were evaluated from the 15th to the 40th week of gestation. Lens and orbital measurements were added to routine biometric measurements for normal fetuses. RESULTS A strong linear correlation was observed between gestational age (GA) and lens diameter (R(2)=0.89; P<0.0001), circumference (R(2)=0.89; P<0.0001), and surface (R(2)=0.90; P<0.0001). A linear correlation was also found between GA and orbital diameter (R(2)=0.92; P<0.0001), circumference (R(2)=0.92; P<0.0001) and surface (R(2)=0.95; P<0.0001). A linear growth function was observed between biparietal diameter and both lens diameter (R(2)=0.90; P<0.0001) and orbital diameter (R(2)=0.94; P<0.0001). CONCLUSION Lens and orbital measurements provide normative data for fetal growth and development. These data may be also helpful in detecting fetal ocular anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dilmen
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Fatih, Emek, Ankara, Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dener
- Department of Surgery, Fatih University School of Medicine, Ankara Hospital, Turkey.
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