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Avni B, Neiman D, Shaked E, Gal-Rosenberg O, Grisariu S, Kuzli M, Avni I, Fracchia A, Stepensky P, Zuckerman T, Lev-Sagie A, Fox-Fisher I, Piyanzin S, Moss J, Salpeter SJ, Glaser B, Shemer R, Dor Y. Chronic graft-versus-host disease detected by tissue-specific cell-free DNA methylation biomarkers. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e163541. [PMID: 37971879 PMCID: PMC10786696 DOI: 10.1172/jci163541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate detection of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major challenge in the management of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). Here, we demonstrated the use of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for detection of tissue turnover and chronic GVHD (cGVHD) in specific organs. METHODS We established a cocktail of tissue-specific DNA methylation markers and used it to determine the concentration of cfDNA molecules derived from the liver, skin, lungs, colon, and specific immune cells in 101 patients undergoing HCT. RESULTS Patients with active cGVHD showed elevated concentrations of cfDNA, as well as tissue-specific methylation markers that agreed with clinical scores. Strikingly, transplanted patients with no clinical symptoms had abnormally high levels of tissue-specific markers, suggesting hidden tissue turnover even in the absence of evident clinical pathology. An integrative model taking into account total cfDNA concentration, monocyte/macrophage cfDNA levels and alanine transaminase was able to correctly identify GVHD with a specificity of 86% and precision of 89% (AUC of 0.8). CONCLUSION cfDNA markers can be used for the detection of cGVHD, opening a window into underlying tissue dynamics in patients that receive allogeneic stem cell transplants. FUNDING This work was supported by grants from the Ernest and Bonnie Beutler Research Program of Excellence in Genomic Medicine, The Israel Science Foundation, the Waldholtz/Pakula family, the Robert M. and Marilyn Sternberg Family Charitable Foundation and the Helmsley Charitable Trust (to YD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Batia Avni
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy Department, Hadassah University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniel Neiman
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elior Shaked
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Gal-Rosenberg
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sigal Grisariu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy Department, Hadassah University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mona Kuzli
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy Department, Hadassah University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ilai Avni
- Faculty of Data and Decision Sciences, Institute of Technology — Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andrea Fracchia
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy Department, Hadassah University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Polina Stepensky
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy Department, Hadassah University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tsila Zuckerman
- Hematology Institute and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ahinoam Lev-Sagie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ilana Fox-Fisher
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sheina Piyanzin
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joshua Moss
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Seth J. Salpeter
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Hadassah University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruth Shemer
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Dor
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Golan S, Bar V, Salpeter SJ, Neev G, Creiderman G, Kedar D, Aharon S, Turovsky L, Zundelevich A, Shahar H, Shapira H, Mallel G, Stossel E, Gavert N, Straussman R, Dotan Z, Berger R, Stossel C, Golan T, Halperin S, Leibovici D, Breuer S, Rottenberg Y, Applebaum L, Hubert A, Nechushtan H, Peretz T, Zick A, Chertin B, Koulikov D, Sonnenblick A, Rosenbaum E. A clinical evaluation of an ex vivo organ culture system to predict patient response to cancer therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1221484. [PMID: 37840996 PMCID: PMC10569691 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1221484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ex vivo organ cultures (EVOC) were recently optimized to sustain cancer tissue for 5 days with its complete microenvironment. We examined the ability of an EVOC platform to predict patient response to cancer therapy. Methods A multicenter, prospective, single-arm observational trial. Samples were obtained from patients with newly diagnosed bladder cancer who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor and from core needle biopsies of patients with metastatic cancer. The tumors were cut into 250 μM slices and cultured within 24 h, then incubated for 96 h with vehicle or intended to treat drug. The cultures were then fixed and stained to analyze their morphology and cell viability. Each EVOC was given a score based on cell viability, level of damage, and Ki67 proliferation, and the scores were correlated with the patients' clinical response assessed by pathology or Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Results The cancer tissue and microenvironment, including endothelial and immune cells, were preserved at high viability with continued cell division for 5 days, demonstrating active cell signaling dynamics. A total of 34 cancer samples were tested by the platform and were correlated with clinical results. A higher EVOC score was correlated with better clinical response. The EVOC system showed a predictive specificity of 77.7% (7/9, 95% CI 0.4-0.97) and a sensitivity of 96% (24/25, 95% CI 0.80-0.99). Conclusion EVOC cultured for 5 days showed high sensitivity and specificity for predicting clinical response to therapy among patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer and other solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Golan
- Department of Urology, Beilinson Hospital – Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | | | | | | | - German Creiderman
- Department of Urology, Beilinson Hospital – Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Daniel Kedar
- Department of Urology, Beilinson Hospital – Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nancy Gavert
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ravid Straussman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zohar Dotan
- Department of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Raanan Berger
- Department of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Chani Stossel
- Department of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Talia Golan
- Department of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sharon Halperin
- Department of Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dan Leibovici
- Department of Urology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shani Breuer
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yakir Rottenberg
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Liat Applebaum
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayala Hubert
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hovav Nechushtan
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Peretz
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aviad Zick
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Boris Chertin
- Department of Urology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dmitry Koulikov
- Department of Urology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amir Sonnenblick
- Department of Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Rosenbaum
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
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3
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Stossel C, Raitses-Gurevich M, Atias D, Beller T, Glick Gorman Y, Halperin S, Peer E, Denroche RE, Zhang A, Notta F, Wilson JM, O'Kane GM, Haimov Talmoud E, Amison N, Schvimer M, Salpeter SJ, Bar V, Zundelevich A, Tirosh I, Tal R, Dinstag G, Kinar Y, Eliezer Y, Ben-David U, Gavert NS, Straussman R, Gallinger SJ, Berger R, Golan T. Spectrum of Response to Platinum and PARP Inhibitors in Germline BRCA-Associated Pancreatic Cancer in the Clinical and Preclinical Setting. Cancer Discov 2023:OF1-OF18. [PMID: 37449843 PMCID: PMC10401074 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Germline BRCA-associated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (glBRCA PDAC) tumors are susceptible to platinum and PARP inhibition. The clinical outcomes of 125 patients with glBRCA PDAC were stratified based on the spectrum of response to platinum/PARP inhibition: (i) refractory [overall survival (OS) <6 months], (ii) durable response followed by acquired resistance (OS <36 months), and (iii) long-term responders (OS >36 months). Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) were generated from 25 patients with glBRCA PDAC at different clinical time points. Response to platinum/PARP inhibition in vivo and ex vivo culture (EVOC) correlated with clinical response. We deciphered the mechanisms of resistance in glBRCA PDAC and identified homologous recombination (HR) proficiency and secondary mutations restoring partial functionality as the most dominant resistant mechanism. Yet, a subset of HR-deficient (HRD) patients demonstrated clinical resistance. Their tumors displayed basal-like molecular subtype and were more aneuploid. Tumor mutational burden was high in HRD PDAC and significantly higher in tumors with secondary mutations. Anti-PD-1 attenuated tumor growth in a novel humanized glBRCA PDAC PDX model. This work demonstrates the utility of preclinical models, including EVOC, to predict the response of glBRCA PDAC to treatment, which has the potential to inform time-sensitive medical decisions. SIGNIFICANCE glBRCA PDAC has a favorable response to platinum/PARP inhibition. However, most patients develop resistance. Additional treatment options for this unique subpopulation are needed. We generated model systems in PDXs and an ex vivo system (EVOC) that faithfully recapitulate these specific clinical scenarios as a platform to investigate the mechanisms of resistance for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chani Stossel
- Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Dikla Atias
- Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Beller
- Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Sharon Halperin
- Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Eyal Peer
- Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Amy Zhang
- Ontario Institute of Cancer Research (OICR), Toronto, Canada
| | - Faiyaz Notta
- Ontario Institute of Cancer Research (OICR), Toronto, Canada
| | - Julie M Wilson
- Ontario Institute of Cancer Research (OICR), Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Nora Amison
- Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michael Schvimer
- Pathology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Itay Tirosh
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rechovot, Israel
| | - Rotem Tal
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Rechovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Uri Ben-David
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Raanan Berger
- Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Talia Golan
- Oncology Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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4
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Völs S, Kaisar-Iluz N, Shaul ME, Ryvkin A, Ashkenazy H, Yehuda A, Atamneh R, Heinberg A, Ben-David-Naim M, Nadav M, Hirsch S, Mitesser V, Salpeter SJ, Dzikowski R, Hayouka Z, Gershoni JM, Fridlender ZG, Granot Z. Targeted nanoparticles modify neutrophil function in vivo. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1003871. [PMID: 36275643 PMCID: PMC9580275 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1003871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play critical roles in a broad spectrum of clinical conditions. Accordingly, manipulation of neutrophil function may provide a powerful immunotherapeutic approach. However, due to neutrophils characteristic short half-life and their large population number, this possibility was considered impractical. Here we describe the identification of peptides which specifically bind either murine or human neutrophils. Although the murine and human neutrophil-specific peptides are not cross-reactive, we identified CD177 as the neutrophil-expressed binding partner in both species. Decorating nanoparticles with a neutrophil-specific peptide confers neutrophil specificity and these neutrophil-specific nanoparticles accumulate in sites of inflammation. Significantly, we demonstrate that encapsulating neutrophil modifying small molecules within these nanoparticles yields specific modulation of neutrophil function (ROS production, degranulation, polarization), intracellular signaling and longevity both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that neutrophil specific targeting may serve as a novel mode of immunotherapy in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Völs
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Naomi Kaisar-Iluz
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Merav E. Shaul
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arik Ryvkin
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Haim Ashkenazy
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avishag Yehuda
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ronza Atamneh
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adina Heinberg
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Vera Mitesser
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Ron Dzikowski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zvi Hayouka
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jonathan M. Gershoni
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zvi G. Fridlender
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- *Correspondence: Zvi G. Fridlender, ; Zvi Granot,
| | - Zvi Granot
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- *Correspondence: Zvi G. Fridlender, ; Zvi Granot,
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5
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Chrysostomou S, Roy R, Prischi F, Thamlikitkul L, Chapman KL, Mufti U, Peach R, Ding L, Hancock D, Moore C, Molina-Arcas M, Mauri F, Pinato DJ, Abrahams JM, Ottaviani S, Castellano L, Giamas G, Pascoe J, Moonamale D, Pirrie S, Gaunt C, Billingham L, Steven NM, Cullen M, Hrouda D, Winkler M, Post J, Cohen P, Salpeter SJ, Bar V, Zundelevich A, Golan S, Leibovici D, Lara R, Klug DR, Yaliraki SN, Barahona M, Wang Y, Downward J, Skehel JM, Ali MMU, Seckl MJ, Pardo OE. Repurposed floxacins targeting RSK4 prevent chemoresistance and metastasis in lung and bladder cancer. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eaba4627. [PMID: 34261798 PMCID: PMC7611705 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba4627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lung and bladder cancers are mostly incurable because of the early development of drug resistance and metastatic dissemination. Hence, improved therapies that tackle these two processes are urgently needed to improve clinical outcome. We have identified RSK4 as a promoter of drug resistance and metastasis in lung and bladder cancer cells. Silencing this kinase, through either RNA interference or CRISPR, sensitized tumor cells to chemotherapy and hindered metastasis in vitro and in vivo in a tail vein injection model. Drug screening revealed several floxacin antibiotics as potent RSK4 activation inhibitors, and trovafloxacin reproduced all effects of RSK4 silencing in vitro and in/ex vivo using lung cancer xenograft and genetically engineered mouse models and bladder tumor explants. Through x-ray structure determination and Markov transient and Deuterium exchange analyses, we identified the allosteric binding site and revealed how this compound blocks RSK4 kinase activation through binding to an allosteric site and mimicking a kinase autoinhibitory mechanism involving the RSK4's hydrophobic motif. Last, we show that patients undergoing chemotherapy and adhering to prophylactic levofloxacin in the large placebo-controlled randomized phase 3 SIGNIFICANT trial had significantly increased (P = 0.048) long-term overall survival times. Hence, we suggest that RSK4 inhibition may represent an effective therapeutic strategy for treating lung and bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelios Chrysostomou
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rajat Roy
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Filippo Prischi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Lucksamon Thamlikitkul
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Kathryn L Chapman
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Assay Biology, Domainex Ltd, Cambridge CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Uwais Mufti
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Robert Peach
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laifeng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - David Hancock
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Christopher Moore
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Miriam Molina-Arcas
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Francesco Mauri
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - David J Pinato
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Joel M Abrahams
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Silvia Ottaviani
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Leandro Castellano
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Jennifer Pascoe
- Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Devmini Moonamale
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sarah Pirrie
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Claire Gaunt
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Lucinda Billingham
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Neil M Steven
- Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Michael Cullen
- Department of Oncology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - David Hrouda
- Department Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, London W6 8RF, UK
| | - Mathias Winkler
- Department Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, London W6 8RF, UK
| | - John Post
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH. UK
| | - Philip Cohen
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH. UK
| | | | - Vered Bar
- Curesponse, 6 Weizmann Street, 6423906 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Shay Golan
- Department of Urology, Rabin Medical Center, Jabotinsky St. 39, 4941492 Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Dan Leibovici
- Department of Urology, Kaplan Medical Center, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Romain Lara
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- AstraZeneca, Discovery Science, R&D, Discovery Biology, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - David R Klug
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sophia N Yaliraki
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mauricio Barahona
- Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yulan Wang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Julian Downward
- Oncogene Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - J Mark Skehel
- Biological Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, MRC LMB, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Maruf M U Ali
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Michael J Seckl
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Olivier E Pardo
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Pollak JJ, Houri-Yafin A, Salpeter SJ. Computer Vision Malaria Diagnostic Systems-Progress and Prospects. Front Public Health 2017; 5:219. [PMID: 28879175 PMCID: PMC5573428 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate malaria diagnosis is critical to prevent malaria fatalities, curb overuse of antimalarial drugs, and promote appropriate management of other causes of fever. While several diagnostic tests exist, the need for a rapid and highly accurate malaria assay remains. Microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests are the main diagnostic modalities available, yet they can demonstrate poor performance and accuracy. Automated microscopy platforms have the potential to significantly improve and standardize malaria diagnosis. Based on image recognition and machine learning algorithms, these systems maintain the benefits of light microscopy and provide improvements such as quicker scanning time, greater scanning area, and increased consistency brought by automation. While these applications have been in development for over a decade, recently several commercial platforms have emerged. In this review, we discuss the most advanced computer vision malaria diagnostic technologies and investigate several of their features which are central to field use. Additionally, we discuss the technological and policy barriers to implementing these technologies in low-resource settings world-wide.
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7
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Srivastava B, Anvikar AR, Ghosh SK, Mishra N, Kumar N, Houri-Yafin A, Pollak JJ, Salpeter SJ, Valecha N. Computer-vision-based technology for fast, accurate and cost effective diagnosis of malaria. Malar J 2015; 14:526. [PMID: 26714633 PMCID: PMC4696165 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-1060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microscopy
has long been considered to be the gold standard for diagnosis of malaria despite the introduction of newer assays. However, it has many challenges like requirement of trained microscopists and logistic issues. A vision based device that can diagnose malaria, provide speciation and estimate parasitaemia was evaluated. Methods The device was evaluated using samples from 431 consented patients, 361 of which were initially screened by RDT and microscopy and later analysed by PCR. It was a prospective, non-randomized, blinded trial. Quantification of parasitaemia was performed by two experienced technicians. Samples were subjected to diagnosis by Sight Dx digital imaging scanning. Results The sensitivity and specificity of the SightDx P1 device for analysed samples were found to be 97.05 and 96.33 %, respectively, when compared to PCR. When compared to microscopy, sensitivity and specificity were found to be 94.4 and 95.6 %, respectively. The device was able to speciate 73.3 % of the PCR Plasmodium falciparum positive samples and 91.4 % of PCR Plasmodium vivax positive samples. Conclusion The ability of the device to detect parasitaemia as compared with microscopy, was within 50 % in 71.3 % of cases and demonstrated a correlation coefficient of 0.89.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bina Srivastava
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector 8 Dwarka, New Delhi, 110 077, India.
| | - Anupkumar R Anvikar
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector 8 Dwarka, New Delhi, 110 077, India.
| | - Susanta K Ghosh
- National Institute of Malaria Research Field Unit, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Neelima Mishra
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector 8 Dwarka, New Delhi, 110 077, India.
| | - Navin Kumar
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector 8 Dwarka, New Delhi, 110 077, India.
| | - Arnon Houri-Yafin
- Sight Diagnostics, 1 Agudat Hasport Hapoel, Jerusalem Technology Park, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Joseph Joel Pollak
- Sight Diagnostics, 1 Agudat Hasport Hapoel, Jerusalem Technology Park, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Seth J Salpeter
- Sight Diagnostics, 1 Agudat Hasport Hapoel, Jerusalem Technology Park, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Neena Valecha
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector 8 Dwarka, New Delhi, 110 077, India.
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8
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Abstract
Activity-based probes are small molecules that can be used to monitor enzyme activity by covalently binding to specific residues in the active site. In this issue of Chemistry & Biology, Lu and colleagues developed a specific fluorescent activity-based probe that targets the papain-like cysteine bacterial type III effector protease AvrPphB and used it to demonstrate the regulation of the protease secretion and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Salpeter
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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9
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Abstract
The frequency of pancreatic β-cell replication declines dramatically with age, potentially contributing to the increased risk of type 2 diabetes in old age. Previous studies have shown the involvement of cell-autonomous factors in this phenomenon, particularly the decline of polycomb genes and accumulation of p16/INK4A. Here, we demonstrate that a systemic factor found in the circulation of young mice is able to increase the proliferation rate of old pancreatic β-cells. Old mice parabiosed to young mice have increased β-cell replication compared with unjoined old mice or old mice parabiosed to old mice. In addition, we demonstrate that old β-cells transplanted into young recipients have increased replication rate compared with cells transplanted into old recipients; conversely, young β-cells transplanted into old mice decrease their replication rate compared with young cells transplanted into young recipients. The expression of p16/INK4A mRNA did not change in heterochronic parabiosis, suggesting the involvement of other pathways. We conclude that systemic factors contribute to the replicative decline of old pancreatic β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J. Salpeter
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Abed Khalaileh
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Noa Weinberg-Corem
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Oren Ziv
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Dor
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- Corresponding author: Yuval Dor,
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10
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Salpeter SJ, Klochendler A, Weinberg-Corem N, Porat S, Granot Z, Shapiro AMJ, Magnuson MA, Eden A, Grimsby J, Glaser B, Dor Y. Glucose regulates cyclin D2 expression in quiescent and replicating pancreatic β-cells through glycolysis and calcium channels. Endocrinology 2011; 152:2589-98. [PMID: 21521747 PMCID: PMC3115606 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular triggers of pancreatic β-cell proliferation may facilitate the development of regenerative therapies for diabetes. Genetic studies have demonstrated an important role for cyclin D2 in β-cell proliferation and mass homeostasis, but its specific function in β-cell division and mechanism of regulation remain unclear. Here, we report that cyclin D2 is present at high levels in the nucleus of quiescent β-cells in vivo. The major regulator of cyclin D2 expression is glucose, acting via glycolysis and calcium channels in the β-cell to control cyclin D2 mRNA levels. Furthermore, cyclin D2 mRNA is down-regulated during S-G(2)-M phases of each β-cell division, via a mechanism that is also affected by glucose metabolism. Thus, glucose metabolism maintains high levels of nuclear cyclin D2 in quiescent β-cells and modulates the down-regulation of cyclin D2 in replicating β-cells. These data challenge the standard model for regulation of cyclin D2 during the cell division cycle and suggest cyclin D2 as a molecular link between glucose levels and β-cell replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Salpeter
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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11
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Salpeter SJ, Klein AM, Huangfu D, Grimsby J, Dor Y. Glucose and aging control the quiescence period that follows pancreatic beta cell replication. Development 2010; 137:3205-13. [PMID: 20823063 DOI: 10.1242/dev.054304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cell proliferation has emerged as the principal mechanism for homeostatic maintenance of beta cell mass during adult life. This underscores the importance of understanding the mechanisms of beta cell replication and suggests novel approaches for regenerative therapy to treat diabetes. Here we use an in vivo pulse-chase labeling assay to investigate the replication dynamics of adult mouse beta cells. We find that replicated beta cells are able to re-enter the cell division cycle shortly after mitosis and regain their normal proliferative potential after a short quiescence period of several days. This quiescence period is lengthened with advanced age, but shortened during injury-driven beta cell regeneration and following treatment with a pharmacological activator of glucokinase, providing strong evidence that metabolic demand is a key determinant of cell cycle re-entry. Lastly, we show that cyclin D2, a crucial factor in beta cell replication, is downregulated during cell division, and is slowly upregulated post-mitosis by a glucose-sensitive mechanism. These results demonstrate that beta cells quickly regain their capacity to re-enter the cell cycle post-mitosis and implicate glucose control of cyclin D2 expression in the regulation of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Salpeter
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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12
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Salpeter SJ, Klein AM, Huangfu D, Grimsby J, Dor Y. Glucose and aging control the quiescence period that follows pancreatic beta cell replication. J Cell Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.080713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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13
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Abstract
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients would greatly benefit from transplantation of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells; however, a severe shortage of transplantable beta cells is a major current limitation in the use of such therapy. Understanding the mechanisms by which beta cells are naturally formed is therefore a central challenge for modern pancreas biology, in the hope that insights will be applicable for regenerative cell therapy strategies for diabetes. In particular, the cellular origins of pancreatic beta cells pose an important problem, with significant basic and therapeutic implications. This chapter discusses the current controversy regarding the identity of the cells that give rise to new beta cells in the adult mammal. Whereas numerous models suggest that beta cells can originate from adult stem cells, proposed to reside in the pancreas or in other locations, more recent work indicates that the major source for new beta cells during adult life is the proliferation of preexisting, differentiated beta cells. We present these different views, with emphasis on the methodologies employed. In particular, we focus on genetic lineage tracing using the Cre-lox system in transgenic mice, a technique considered the "gold standard" for addressing in vivo problems of cellular origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Salpeter
- Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Department of Cellular Biochemistry and Human Genetics, Jerusalem, Israel
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