Asymptomatic bacteriuria prior to partial and radical nephrectomy: To screen or not to screen? Results from the national and multicenter TOCUS database

INTRODUCTION

In the era of increased bacterial resistance, the main strategy is to reduce the prescription of antibiotics when possible. Nowadays, it is highly recommended to screen for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU), prior to urological surgery with potential mucosal breach or urine exposure. Screening and treating urinary colonization is a strategy widely adopted before radical and partial nephrectomy but without any evidence. Our main end point in this study is to analyze the relationship between preoperative urine culture and the risk of postoperative febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) or surgical-site infection (SSI) in partial or radical nephrectomy patients.

METHODS

We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study between January 2016 and January 2023 in 11 French tertiary referral hospitals (TOCUS database). We collected the data for 269 patients including several pre-, intra-, and post-operative variables that could potentially increase the risk of postoperative UTI and SSI including preoperative urinary culture results.

RESULTS

The incidence rate of postoperative UTI and SSI was 8.9% in our study. After conducting a logistic multivariate analysis, a propensity score matching analysis, and a subgroup analysis, we found no significant correlation between the urine culture and the postoperative UTI risk [OR = 1.2 (0.5-2.7) (p = 0.7)]. Only the postoperative non-infectious complications were related to a higher risk of postoperative UTI [OR = 12 (4-37), p < 0.001)].

CONCLUSION

Our research shows that screening and treating for ABU prior to radical or partial nephrectomy seems to be unnecessary to prevent postoperative UTI and SSI.

Study of Renal and Kidney Tumor Vascularization Using Data from Preoperative Three-dimensional Arteriography Prior to Partial Nephrectomy

BACKGROUND

In a cadaveric model with healthy kidneys, it has recently been highlighted that a single renal segment could be supplied by one or more arterial branches originating from an artery supplying another segment.

OBJECTIVE

To demonstrate occurrences of anatomical variations of renal vascularization and to analyze vascularization of renal tumors.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS

This prospective monocentric study included all patients treated for a renal tumor between May 2015 and June 2017 by laparoscopic partial nephrectomy after superselective tumor embolization in a hybrid operating room.

INTERVENTION

Three-dimensional renal and tumoral arteriography with cone-beam computed tomography scan was performed, coupled with preoperative cross-sectional imaging. This procedure provided an accurate vascular anatomical mapping of the kidney and allowed further analysis of tumor vascularization.

OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Relation between anatomical variations of the vascularization and perioperative data was assessed. A χ² test or Fisher's test was used for qualitative variables, and a Student t test was used for quantitative variables.

RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS

Out of the 60 patients included, only 25 (42%) presented a standard vascular subdivision. In 26 patients (43%), tumors were supplied by more than one branch and in 20 patients (33%), there was a branch supplying the tumor from another segment. In these cases of multiple or multi-segmental tumor vascularization, tumor size, operative duration, and duration of embolization were significantly higher than in the case of standard vascularization. These complex tumors were more often located at the upper pole of the kidney or at the junction of the anterior and posterior vascular territories of the kidney. Limitations of this study include the low number of patients and its monocentricity.

CONCLUSIONS

This study confirms that renal vascularization frequently differs from Graves' reference model and that tumor vascularization can depend on several segmental branches. This vascular complexity explains surgical difficulties and must be taken into consideration when segmental arterial clamping is considered during partial nephrectomy.

PATIENT SUMMARY

We studied renal and tumor vascularization using three-dimensional preoperative arteriography data on tumor kidneys. We have shown that there is great variability in renal vascularization and that tumors can be vascularized branches that originate from an artery leading to another segment. This vascular complexity explains surgical difficulties and must be taken into consideration when segmental arterial clamping is considered during partial nephrectomy.

Mesalazine: A Novel Etiology For Drug-Induced Urinary Calculi

We report the case of a 23-year-old woman treated by mesalazine for ulcerative colitis and who subsequently presented recurrent renal colic due to mesalazine urinary stones. This is the second case described in the literature.Mesalazine stones are soft, friable and have an orange-beige color. They are not visible on non-contrast computed tomography (CT). Their diagnosis is based on morpho-constitutional analysis and CT-urography. Patients treatedby mesalazine who present renal colic should undergo CT-urography in order to make the diagnosis.