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Sanchez JN, Subramanian C, Chanda M, Gary S, Zhang N, Wang T, Timmermann BN, Blagg BS, Cohen MS. A novel C-terminal Hsp90 inhibitor KU758 synergizes efficacy in combination with BRAF or MEK inhibitors and targets drug-resistant pathways in BRAF-mutant melanomas. Melanoma Res 2021; 31:197-207. [PMID: 33904516 PMCID: PMC10565508 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma remains the most aggressive and fatal form of skin cancer, despite several FDA-approved targeted chemotherapies and immunotherapies for use in advanced disease. Of the 100 350 new patients diagnosed with melanoma in 2020 in the US, more than half will develop metastatic disease leading to a 5-year survival rate <30%, with a majority of these developing drug-resistance within the first year of treatment. These statistics underscore the critical need in the field to develop more durable therapeutics as well as those that can overcome chemotherapy-induced drug resistance from currently approved agents. Fortunately, several of the drug-resistance pathways in melanoma, including the proteins in those pathways, rely in part on Hsp90 chaperone function. This presents a unique and novel opportunity to simultaneously target multiple proteins and drug-resistant pathways in this disease via molecular chaperone inhibition. Taken together, we hypothesize that our novel C-terminal Hsp90 inhibitor, KU758, in combination with the current standard of care targeted therapies (e.g. vemurafenib and cobimetinib) can both synergize melanoma treatment efficacy in BRAF-mutant tumors, as well as target and overcome several major resistance pathways in this disease. Using in vitro proliferation and protein-based Western Blot analyses, our novel inhibitor, KU758, potently inhibited melanoma cell proliferation (without induction of the heat shock response) in vitro and synergized with both BRAF and MEK inhibitors in inhibition of cell migration and protein expression from resistance pathways. Overall, our work provides early support for further translation of C-terminal Hsp90 inhibitor and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibitor combinations as a novel therapeutic strategy for BRAF-mutant melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackee N. Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Monica Chanda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shanguan Gary
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nina Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ton Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Brian S.J. Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Mark S. Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Schurtz G, Gary S, Hulin S, Chenais-Popovics C, Gauthier JC, Thais F, Breil J, Durut F, Feugeas JL, Maire PH, Nicolaï P, Peyrusse O, Reverdin C, Soullié G, Tikhonchuk V, Villette B, Fourment C. Revisiting nonlocal electron-energy transport in inertial-fusion conditions. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:095002. [PMID: 17359162 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.095002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2006] [Revised: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Correct modeling of the electron-energy transport is essential for inertial confinement fusion target design. Various transport models have been proposed in order to extend the validity of a hydrodynamical description into weakly collisional regimes, taking into account the nonlocality of the electron transport combined with the effects of self-generated magnetic fields. We have carried out new experiments designed to be highly sensitive to the modeling of the heat flow on the Ligne d'Intégration Laser facility, the prototype of the Laser Megajoule. We show that two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations correctly reproduce the experimental results only if they include both the nonlocal transport and magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schurtz
- Université Bordeaux 1; CNRS; CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, 33405 Talence, France
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Audebert P, Renaudin P, Bastiani-Ceccotti S, Geindre JP, Chenais-Popovics C, Tzortzakis S, Nagels-Silvert V, Shepherd R, Matsushima I, Gary S, Girard F, Peyrusse O, Gauthier JC. Picosecond time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy of ultrafast aluminum plasmas. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:025004. [PMID: 15698184 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.025004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have used point-projection K-shell absorption spectroscopy to infer the ionization and recombination dynamics of transient aluminum plasmas. Two femtosecond beams of the 100 TW laser at the LULI facility were used to produce an aluminum plasma on a thin aluminum foil (83 or 50 nm), and a picosecond x-ray backlighter source. The short-pulse backlighter probed the aluminum plasma at different times by adjusting the delay between the two femtosecond driving beams. Absorption x-ray spectra at early times are characteristic of a dense and rather homogeneous plasma. Collisional-radiative atomic physics coupled with hydrodynamic simulations reproduce fairly well the measured average ionization as a function of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Audebert
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses (LULI), UMR 7605, CNRS-CEA-Université Paris VI-Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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Chenais-Popovics C, Dorchies F, Audebert P, Nagels V, Geindre JP, Gauthier JC, Peyrusse O, Gary S, Girard F. Mesure de la durée d'émission X de différents éléments irradies par un laser de puissance subpicoseconde. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1051/jp4:20030614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Chenais-Popovics C, Malka V, Gauthier JC, Gary S, Peyrusse O, Rabec-Le Gloahec M, Matsushima I, Bauche-Arnoult C, Bachelier A, Bauche J. X-ray emission of a xenon gas jet plasma diagnosed with Thomson scattering. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2002; 65:046418. [PMID: 12006034 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.046418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2001] [Revised: 11/28/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present the results of a benchmark experiment aimed at validating recent calculation techniques for the emission properties of medium and high-Z multicharged ions in hot plasmas. We use space- and time-resolved M-shell x-ray spectroscopy of a laser-produced gas jet xenon plasma as a primary diagnostic of the ionization balance dynamics. We perform measurements of the electron temperature, electron density, and average charge state by recording simultaneous spectra of ion acoustic and electron plasma wave Thomson scattering. A comparison of the experimental x-ray spectra with calculations performed ab initio with a non-local-thermodynamic-equilibrium collisional-radiative model based on the superconfiguration formalism, using the measured plasma parameters, is presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chenais-Popovics
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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Abstract
The crystal structure of the processivity factor required by eukaryotic DNA polymerase delta, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) from S. cerevisiae, has been determined at 2.3 A resolution. Three PCNA molecules, each containing two topologically identical domains, are tightly associated to form a closed ring. The dimensions and electrostatic properties of the ring suggest that PCNA encircles duplex DNA, providing a DNA-bound platform for the attachment of the polymerase. The trimeric PCNA ring is strikingly similar to the dimeric ring formed by the beta subunit (processivity factor) of E. coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, with which it shares no significant sequence identity. This structural correspondence further substantiates the mechanistic connection between eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA replication that has been suggested on biochemical grounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Krishna
- Laboratories of Molecular BIophysics, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021
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Krishna TS, Fenyö D, Kong XP, Gary S, Chait BT, Burgers P, Kuriyan J. Crystallization of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Mol Biol 1994; 241:265-8. [PMID: 7914545 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1994.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is the component of the chromosomal DNA replication machinery in eukaryotic cells that confers high processivity upon DNA polymerase delta and epsilon. It has been proposed that PCNA functions by forming a trimeric complex with a ring-like structure through which DNA is threaded. PCNA from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been crystallized in a cubic space group (P2(1)3, a = 121.1 A). Unexpectedly, a mercury derivative of PCNA yields crystals that diffract significantly better than crystals of the unmodified protein (2.4 A and 3.0 A resolution, respectively). Mass spectrometry reveals that the derivative results from the addition of two mercury atoms to the protein. Although crystals of the mercurated protein show evidence of non-isomorphism, the anomalous diffraction signal is strong and phases may be determined by multi-wavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD phasing).
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Krishna
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021
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Baton SD, Rousseaux C, Mounaix P, Labaune C, Pesme D, Renard N, Gary S, Louis-Jacquet M, Baldis HA. Stimulated Brillouin scattering with a 1 ps laser pulse in a preformed underdense plasma. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1994; 49:R3602-R3605. [PMID: 9961795 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.49.r3602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Sauteret C, Husson D, Thiell G, Seznec S, Gary S, Migus A, Mourou G. Generation of 20-TW pulses of picosecond duration using chirped-pulse amplification in a Nd:glass power chain. Opt Lett 1991; 16:238-240. [PMID: 19773894 DOI: 10.1364/ol.16.000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pulses of 20-TW peak power have been generated at 1064 nm using the chirped-pulse-amplification technique with a 90-mm output-aperture Nd:silicate glass amplification line. This system delivers 60 J of energy in a chirped pulse of 600-psec duration, with a capacity to maintain a 3.5-nm output bandwidth. These chirped pulses are compressed to 1.2 psec with an energy of 24 J by using large holographic gold-coated 1740-lines/mm diffraction gratings.
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