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Beldjoud H, Avelar A, de Guglielmo G, Kallupi M, Sedighim S, Velarde N, Boomhower B, Rizo N, Carrette LLG, George O. Chronic administration of a norepinephrine antagonist prevents and partially reverses escalation of cocaine self-administration. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13316. [PMID: 37644893 PMCID: PMC10614571 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety is a critical component of the development and maintenance of drug addiction; however, anti-anxiety medications such as benzodiazepines and beta-blockers (β-adrenergic receptor antagonists) are not used for the treatment of substance use disorder, except for the management of acute withdrawal syndrome. Preclinical studies have shown that beta-blockers may reduce stress-induced relapse; however, the effect of beta blockers on the escalation and maintenance of drug intake has not been tested. To address this issue, we chronically administered the β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol during the escalation or maintenance of cocaine intake in a model of extended access (6 h) to cocaine self-administration (0.5 mg/kg). The behavioural specificity of propranolol was tested using a non-drug reward (saccharin). Daily administration of propranolol (15 mg/kg) prevented the development of escalation of cocaine self-administration and partially reversed self-administration after the establishment of escalation of intake. Moreover, propranolol dose-dependently decreased the motivation for cocaine tested under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement during the development of escalation and after maintenance. Finally, propranolol administration had no effect on the escalation and maintenance of saccharin self-administration. These results demonstrate that chronic treatment with propranolol provides therapeutic efficacy in reducing cocaine self-administration during the development and after the establishment of escalation of cocaine self-administration in an animal model relevant to cocaine use disorder. These results suggest that beta blockers should be further investigated as a target for medication development for the treatment of cocaine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassiba Beldjoud
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alicia Avelar
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Giordano de Guglielmo
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marsida Kallupi
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sharona Sedighim
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nathan Velarde
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brent Boomhower
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nathan Rizo
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lieselot L G Carrette
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
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Sedighim S, Chen Y, Xu C, Mohindra R, Liu H, Agrawal DK, Thankam FG. Carboxymethyl cellulose-alginate interpenetrating hydroxy ethyl methacrylate crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol reinforced hybrid hydrogel templates with improved biological performance for cardiac tissue engineering. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:819-835. [PMID: 36412070 PMCID: PMC9931685 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering is an emerging approach for cardiac regeneration utilizing the inherent healing responses elicited by the surviving heart using biomaterial templates. In this study, we aimed to develop hydrogel scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration following myocardial infarction (MI). Two superabsorbent hydrogels, CAHA2A and CAHA2AP, were developed employing interpenetration chemistry. CAHA2A was constituted with alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, (hydroxyethyl) methacrylate, and acrylic acid, where CAHA2AP was prepared by interpenetrated CAHA2A with polyvinyl alcohol. Both hydrogels displayed superior physiochemical characteristics, as determined by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy spectral analysis, differential scanning calorimetry measurements, tensile testing, contact angle, water profiling, dye release, and conductivity. In vitro degradation of the hydrogels displayed acceptable weight composure and pH changes. Both hydrogels were hemocompatible, and biocompatible as evidenced by direct contact and MTT assays. The hydrogels promoted anterograde and retrograde migration as determined by the z-stack analysis using H9c2 cells grown with both gels. Additionally, the coculture of the hydrogels with swine epicardial adipose tissue cells and cardiac fibroblasts resulted in synchronous growth without any toxicity. Also, both hydrogels facilitated the production of extracellular matrix by the H9c2 cells. Overall, the findings support an appreciable in vitro performance of both hydrogels for cardiac tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharona Sedighim
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91766, USA
| | - Yiqing Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Changlu Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Rohit Mohindra
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91766, USA
| | - Huinan Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Devendra K. Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91766, USA
| | - Finosh G. Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91766, USA
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Smith LC, Kallupi M, Tieu L, Shankar K, Jaquish A, Barr J, Su Y, Velarde N, Sedighim S, Carrette LLG, Klodnicki M, Sun X, de Guglielmo G, George O. Validation of a nicotine vapor self-administration model in rats with relevance to electronic cigarette use. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1909-1919. [PMID: 32544927 PMCID: PMC7608444 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The debate about electronic cigarettes is dividing healthcare professionals, policymakers, manufacturers, and communities. A key limitation in our understanding of the cause and consequences of vaping is the lack of animal models of nicotine vapor self-administration. Here, we developed a novel model of voluntary electronic cigarette use in rats using operant behavior. We found that rats voluntarily exposed themselves to nicotine vapor to the point of reaching blood nicotine levels that are similar to humans. The level of responding on the active (nicotine) lever was similar to the inactive (air) lever and lower than the active lever that was associated with vehicle (polypropylene glycol/glycerol) vapor, suggesting low positive reinforcing effects and low nicotine vapor discrimination. Lever pressing behavior with nicotine vapor was pharmacologically prevented by the α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist and α7 receptor full agonist varenicline in rats that self-administered nicotine but not vehicle vapor. Moreover, 3 weeks of daily (1 h) nicotine vapor self-administration produced addiction-like behaviors, including somatic signs of withdrawal, allodynia, anxiety-like behavior, and relapse-like behavior after 3 weeks of abstinence. Finally, 3 weeks of daily (1 h) nicotine vapor self-administration produced cardiopulmonary abnormalities and changes in α4, α3, and β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit mRNA levels in the nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex. These findings validate a novel animal model of nicotine vapor self-administration in rodents with relevance to electronic cigarette use in humans and highlight the potential addictive properties and harmful effects of chronic nicotine vapor self-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Smith
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA ,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Marsida Kallupi
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Lani Tieu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Kokila Shankar
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA ,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Abigail Jaquish
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Pediatrics, University of California, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Jamie Barr
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Pediatrics, University of California, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Yujuan Su
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Pediatrics, University of California, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Nathan Velarde
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Sharona Sedighim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Lieselot L. G. Carrette
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA ,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | | | - Xin Sun
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Pediatrics, University of California, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Giordano de Guglielmo
- grid.214007.00000000122199231Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA USA ,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Kimbrough A, Kononoff J, Simpson S, Kallupi M, Sedighim S, Palomino K, Conlisk D, Momper JD, de Guglielmo G, George O. Oxycodone self-administration and withdrawal behaviors in male and female Wistar rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1545-1555. [PMID: 32114633 PMCID: PMC7269712 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Over the last decade, oxycodone has become one of the most widely abused drugs in the USA. Oxycodone use disorder (OUD) is a serious health problem that has prompted a need to develop animal models of OUD that have both face and predictive validity. Oxycodone use in humans is more prevalent in women and leads to pronounced hyperalgesia and irritability during withdrawal. However, unclear is whether current animal models of oxycodone self-administration recapitulate these characteristics in humans. OBJECTIVES We assessed the face validity of a model of extended-access oxycodone self-administration in rats by examining the escalation of oxycodone intake and behavioral symptoms of withdrawal, including irritability-like behavior and mechanical nociception, in male and female Wistar rats. RESULTS Both male and female rats escalated their oxycodone intake over fourteen 12-h self-administration sessions. After escalation, female rats administered more drug than male rats. No differences in plasma oxycodone levels were identified, but males had a significantly higher level of oxycodone in the brain at 30 min. Extended access to oxycodone significantly decreased aggressive-like behavior and increased defensive-like behaviors when tested immediately after a 12-h self-administration session, followed by a rebound increase in aggressive-like behavior 12 h into withdrawal. Tests of mechanical nociception thresholds during withdrawal indicated pronounced hyperalgesia. No sex differences in irritability-like behavior or pain sensitivity were observed. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated the face validity of the extended access model of oxycodone self-administration by identifying sex differences in the escalation of oxycodone intake and pronounced changes in pain and affective states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kimbrough
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0714, La Jolla, CA 92093-0737, USA
| | - Jenni Kononoff
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sierra Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0714, La Jolla, CA 92093-0737, USA,Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marsida Kallupi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0714, La Jolla, CA 92093-0737, USA
| | - Sharona Sedighim
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0714, La Jolla, CA 92093-0737, USA
| | - Kenia Palomino
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dana Conlisk
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeremiah D. Momper
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Giordano de Guglielmo
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0714, La Jolla, CA 92093-0737, USA
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0714, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0737, USA.
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de Guglielmo G, Kallupi M, Sedighim S, Newman AH, George O. Dopamine D 3 Receptor Antagonism Reverses the Escalation of Oxycodone Self-administration and Decreases Withdrawal-Induced Hyperalgesia and Irritability-Like Behavior in Oxycodone-Dependent Heterogeneous Stock Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 13:292. [PMID: 31992976 PMCID: PMC6971096 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prescription opioids, such as oxycodone, are highly effective analgesics for clinical pain management, but approximately 25% of patients who are prescribed opioids misuse them, and 5%–10% develop an opioid use disorder (OUD). Effective therapies for the prevention and treatment of opioid abuse and addiction need to be developed. The present study evaluated the effects of the highly selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist VK4-116 ([R]-N-[4-(4-[3-chloro-5-ethyl-2-methoxyphenyl]piperazin-1-yl)-3-hydroxybutyl]-1H-indole-2-carboxamide) on oxycodone addictive-like behaviors. We used a model of extended access to oxycodone self-administration and tested the effects of VK4-116 on the escalation of oxycodone self-administration and withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia and irritability-like behavior in male and female rats. Pretreatment with VK4-116 (5–25 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently decreased the escalation of oxycodone self-administration and reduced withdrawal-induced hyperalgesia and irritability-like behavior in opioid-dependent rats. These findings demonstrate a key role for D3 receptors in both the motivation to take opioids and negative emotional states that are associated with opioid withdrawal and suggest that D3 receptor antagonism may be a viable therapeutic approach for the treatment of OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano de Guglielmo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Marsida Kallupi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sharona Sedighim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Amy H Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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