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O’Hagan S, Galway N, Shields MD, Mallett P, Groves HE. Review of the Safety, Efficacy and Tolerability of Palivizumab in the Prevention of Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Disease. Drug Healthc Patient Saf 2023; 15:103-112. [PMID: 37720805 PMCID: PMC10503506 DOI: 10.2147/dhps.s348727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a major global cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody that provides passive immunity against RSV, is currently licensed for prophylactic use in specific "high-risk" populations, including congenital heart disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and prematurity. Available research suggests palivizumab use in these high-risk populations can lead to a reduction in RSV-related hospitalization. However, palivizumab has not been demonstrated to reduce mortality, adverse events or length of hospital stay related to RSV. In this article, we review the management of RSV, indications for palivizumab prophylaxis, the safety, cost-effectiveness and efficacy of this preventative medication, and emerging therapeutics that could revolutionize future prevention of this significant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun O’Hagan
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Niamh Galway
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Michael D Shields
- Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Centre for Medical Education, Queen’s University Belfast School of Medicine, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Peter Mallett
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Centre for Medical Education, Queen’s University Belfast School of Medicine, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Helen E Groves
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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O’Hagan S, Pinto T, Ewart P, Ritchie GAD. Multi-mode absorption spectroscopy using a quantum cascade laser for simultaneous detection of NO and H 2O. Appl Phys B 2016; 122:226. [PMID: 32355421 PMCID: PMC7175658 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-016-6499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Detection of multiple transitions in NO and H2O using multi-mode absorption spectroscopy, MUMAS, with a quantum cascade laser, QCL, operating at 5.3 μm at scan rates up to 10 kHz is reported. The linewidth of longitudinal modes of the QCL is derived from pressure-dependent fits to experimental MUMAS data. Variations in the spectral structure of the broadband, multi-mode, output of the commercially available QCL employed are analysed to provide accurate fits of modelled MUMAS signatures to the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. O’Hagan
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU UK
| | - T. Pinto
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ UK
| | - P. Ewart
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU UK
| | - G. A. D. Ritchie
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ UK
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O’Hagan S, Northern JH, Gras B, Ewart P, Kim CS, Kim M, Merritt CD, Bewley WW, Canedy CL, Vurgaftman I, Meyer JR. Multi-species sensing using multi-mode absorption spectroscopy with mid-infrared interband cascade lasers. Appl Phys B 2016; 122:173. [PMID: 32355420 PMCID: PMC7175733 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-016-6377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The application of an interband cascade laser, ICL, to multi-mode absorption spectroscopy, MUMAS, in the mid-infrared region is reported. Measurements of individual mode linewidths of the ICL, derived from the pressure dependence of lineshapes in MUMAS signatures of single, isolated, lines in the spectrum of HCl, were found to be in the range 10-80 MHz. Multi-line spectra of methane were recorded using spectrally limited bandwidths, of approximate width 27 cm-1, defined by an interference filter, and consist of approximately 80 modes at spectral locations spanning the 100 cm-1 bandwidth of the ICL output. Calibration of the methane pressures derived from MUMAS data using a capacitance manometer provided measurements with an uncertainty of 1.1 %. Multi-species sensing is demonstrated by the simultaneous detection of methane, acetylene and formaldehyde in a gas mixture. Individual partial pressures of the three gases are derived from best fits of model MUMAS signatures to the data with an experimental error of 10 %. Using an ICL, with an inter-mode interval of ~10 GHz, MUMAS spectra were recorded at pressures in the range 1-10 mbar, and, based on the data, a potential minimum detection limit of the order of 100 ppmv is estimated for MUMAS at atmospheric pressure using an inter-mode interval of 80 GHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. O’Hagan
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU UK
| | - J. H. Northern
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU UK
| | - B. Gras
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Ingénieurs de CAEN, 6, bd du Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen, France
| | - P. Ewart
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU UK
| | - C. S. Kim
- Code 5604, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 USA
| | - M. Kim
- Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc., Columbia, MD 21046 USA
| | - C. D. Merritt
- Code 5604, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 USA
| | - W. W. Bewley
- Code 5604, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 USA
| | - C. L. Canedy
- Code 5604, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 USA
| | - I. Vurgaftman
- Code 5604, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 USA
| | - J. R. Meyer
- Code 5604, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 USA
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