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Amin IA, Hassan MA, Elgendy SG, Abdelmohsen AS, Ali MY, Abdel-Raady BEA. Interleukin-8 genetic polymorphism and its relation to Helicobacter pylori infection and Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric diseases. Egypt J Immunol 2024; 31:48-57. [PMID: 38224035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has a variety of clinical outcomes, and host genetic factors play an important role in this process. Cytokines are important factors in mediating and controlling the inflammatory process during H. pylori infection. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) plays a critical role in the epithelial cell response to H. pylori infection and the development of H. pylori-related gastric disorders. The IL-8 gene has an A/T base pair polymorphism in the promoter region (-251), which has been linked to an increase in interleukin production by gastric epithelial cells. In this context, the goal of our study was to determine the polymorphism in the IL-8 gene and its relation to H. pylori infection and H. pylori-associated gastric diseases. Gastric biopsy specimens were collected from 44 patients with H. pylori infection and 29 patients without H. pylori infection. The rapid urease test and detection of the glmM gene were used to diagnose H. pylori infection. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to identify the polymorphism in the Il-8 gene (at position-251). The presence of the A/A and T/A genotypes of the IL-8 gene was found to be significantly associated with susceptibility to H. pylori infection (p = 0.012 and p = 0.004, respectively). Also, the IL-8 A allele was significantly associated with H. pylori infection in our study (p = 0.002). We did not find a significant association between IL-8 gene polymorphism and a higher risk of gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. In conclusion, IL-8 gene polymorphism at -251 position was significantly associated with H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Amin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mona A Hassan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sherein G Elgendy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Abdelmohsen
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh Y Ali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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Abdel Hammed MR, El-Amien HA, Asham MN, Elgendy SG. Can platelets indices and blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio be used as predictors for diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in decompensated post hepatitis liver cirrhosis? Egypt J Immunol 2022; 29:12-24. [PMID: 36197150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is most common infection in patients with liver cirrhosis with ascites. SBP is diagnosed by the presence of ≥250 polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL)/mm3 in the ascetic fluid with absence of surgical and treatable causes of intra-abdominal infection. This study intended to evaluate platelet indices and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as predictors marker of SBP. This study included 106 patients: 53 cirrhotic with SBP, 53 cirrhotic without SBP and 53 sex and age matched normal non cirrhotic controls. The mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), platelet crit (PCT), NLR and C reactive protein (CRP) were compared between study groups. Patients with SBP had significantly higher MPV, PDW, PCT NLR and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) than patients without SBP (P< 0.001 for all). Patients with SBP had significantly higher MPV, PDW, PCT NLR and PLR than the control group (P< 0.001). MPV, PDW, PCT, PLR, and NLR had positive significant correlations with CRP and ascetic fluid PMNL (P< 0.001). In conclusion, our study findings indicated that platelet indices in cirrhotic patients may be novel, simple, low-cost, non-invasive, and valuable diagnostic marker for diagnosis of SBP. They could be considered reliable and surrogate marker for PMNL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamad R Abdel Hammed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, Assiut University Hospitals and South Egypt Cancer Institute Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hussein A El-Amien
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Unit, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marina Nader Asham
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Unit, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sherein G Elgendy
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Elgendy SG, Abd-Elhameed R, Daef E, Mohammed SM, Hassan HM, El-Mokhtar MA, Nasreldein A, Khedr EM. Gut microbiota in forty cases of Egyptian relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. IJM 2021; 13:632-641. [PMID: 34900161 PMCID: PMC8629825 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v13i5.7428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Gut microbiota is assumed to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to investigate the abundance of some gut microbiota among Egyptian patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS). Materials and Methods: Forty cases of RR-MS diagnosed according to McDonald diagnostic criteria (2017) were recruited consecutively from the Department of Neurology, Assiut University Hospitals. The results were compared with 22 healthy age and sex matched control subjects. DNA was extracted from stool and measures made of concentration and copy number of bacterial organisms by real-time PCR using group specific primers for 16S rRNA targeting predominant genera of gut microbiota previously hypothesized to participate in MS pathogenesis. Results: The mean age was 31.4 ± 8.8 yrs; 75% of the patients were women. The mean and SD of EDSS score was 3.43 ± 1.35. Seven cases had cervical cord plaques (17%). There were significantly increased copy numbers of Desulfovibrio, Actinobacteria, Firmcutes, and Lactic acid bacteria in patients compared with the control group. In contrast there was a significantly lower level of Clostridium cluster IV in the patients. Patients who had EDSS < 3.5 had a significantly higher copy number of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Bifidobacterium, compared with patients who had EDSS > 3.5. There was a significant negative correlation between duration of illness and copy number of Firmcutes, Akkermansia, and Lactic acid bacteria (P = 0.01, 0.04, and 0.004 respectively). Conclusion: The changes in gut microbiota are associated with exacerbation of MS disease. Disruption of the intestinal microbiota results in the depletion or enrichment of certain bacteria that may affect the immune balance leading to predisposition to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherein G. Elgendy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Corresponding author: Sherein G. Elgendy, Ph.D, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. Tel: +2-01021887728 Fax: +088-2080278
| | - Rawan Abd-Elhameed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Enas Daef
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Shereen M. Mohammed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah M. Hassan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. El-Mokhtar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Nasreldein
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Eman M. Khedr
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Sayed SA, Hassan EAB, Abdel Hameed MR, Agban MN, Mohammed Saleh MF, Mohammed HH, Abdel-Aal ABM, Elgendy SG. Ketorolac-fluconazole: A New Combination Reverting Resistance in Candida albicans from Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients on Induction Chemotherapy: In vitro Study. J Blood Med 2021; 12:465-474. [PMID: 34163275 PMCID: PMC8214543 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s302158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Candida albicans is a significant source of morbidity and mortality for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Prolonged use of fluconazole as empirical antifungal prophylaxis in AML patients leads to overexpression of efflux pump genes that resulted in the emergence of azole-resistant species. Consequently, the introduction of a new strategy to improve the management of C. albicans infections is an urgent need. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ketorolac is associated with a reduction in cancer relapses. The present study was performed to investigate the use of ketorolac-fluconazole combination to reverse fluconazole resistance in C. albicans isolated from AML patients on induction chemotherapy. Patients and Methods One hundred and seventy AML patients were evaluated. Fifty C. albicans were isolated and subjected to disc diffusion assay and broth microdilution for fluconazole alone and combined with different concentrations of ketorolac. Efflux pump gene (CDR1, CDR2, and MDR1) expressions were quantified by real-time PCR. Results The tested ketorolac acted synergistically with fluconazole against resistant C. albicans with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fluconazole decreased from >160 μg/mL to 0.3–1.25 μg/mL in (93.8%) of resistant isolates with fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) value of 0.25. The majority of the resistant isolates overexpressed CDR1 (71.1%) and MDR1 (60%). Conclusion Ketorolac-fluconazole in vitro combination would be a promising strategy for further clinical in vivo trials to overcome fluconazole resistance in AML patients on induction chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen A Sayed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ehsan A B Hassan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Muhamad R Abdel Hameed
- Department of Internal Medicine & Hematology Unit, Assiut University Hospitals and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Michael N Agban
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mostafa F Mohammed Saleh
- Department of Internal Medicine & Hematology Unit, Assiut University Hospitals and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hayam H Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abu-Baker M Abdel-Aal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sherein G Elgendy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Elgendy SG, El-Sabaa EM, Ahmed SH, Eid SS, El-Feky MA. Frequency of regulatory B cells phenotypes in breast cancer patients in Egypt. Egypt J Immunol 2021; 28:12-22. [PMID: 34147050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has indicated that immune regulatory cells are involved in the establishment of the anti-tumor activity, however; the role of regulatory B cells (B-regs) in breast cancer (BC) remains unclear. This study intended to assess the frequency of peripheral B-regs phenotypes in patients with BC, and to determine the relation between these phenotypes and the patient's clinicopathological characters. The expressions of the immune cell populations were analyzed by four-color flow cytometry in 40 naïve BC patients and 10 age-matched apparently healthy individuals as controls attending the department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine at Assiut University Hospitals. The percentages of B-regs phenotypes CD19+IL10+ and CD19+CD24hiCD27+IL10+ were higher in BC patients than in the controls. The percentage of CD19+IL10+ B cells phenotype was significantly associated with the HER-2 expression levels, T, and N stages of BC. In conclusion, high percentage of B-regs phenotypes CD19+IL10+ and CD19+CD24hiCD27+IL10+ in BC patients indicates a possible role in immune suppression during the development of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherein G Elgendy
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Ehsan Mw El-Sabaa
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Shabaan H Ahmed
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Samir Sm Eid
- Department of Clinical Oncology & Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Feky
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
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Elgendy SG, Aly SA, Fathy R, Deaf EA, Abu Faddan NH, Abdel Hameed MR. Clinical and microbial characterization of toxigenic Clostridium difficile isolated from antibiotic associated diarrhea in Egypt. IJM 2020; 12:296-304. [PMID: 32994900 PMCID: PMC7502137 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v12i4.3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has become a significant healthcare-associated infection throughout the world and is particularly important in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate clinical characterization and risk factors related to toxigenic C. difficile infection in adult and pediatric patients, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Also, to evaluate different diagnostic methods for rapid detection of C. difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) in Egypt.
Materials and Methods: Stool samples were collected from 95 pediatric patients and 37 adult patients suffering from antibiotic associated diarrhea and were subjected to direct toxin immunoassay and culture on cycloserine/cefoxitin/fructose agar. The presence of tcdA and tcdB genes was tested by PCR.
Results: Toxigenic C. difficile was isolated from pediatric and adult patients at a rate of 17.89% (17/95) and 27% (10/37) respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of direct PCR from stool are (100%, 100% and 82.4%, 100%) in adult and pediatric samples respectively. The susceptibility of C. difficile to vancomycin and metronidazole were found to be 66.7% and 48.2% respectively.
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus, prior antibiotic treatment, hematological malignancy on chemotherapy, malnutrition, neutropenia and Ryle feeding are risk factors for development of CDAD. Tight restriction of unnecessary antibiotic uses is necessary in our locality. Direct detection of toxin genes in stool by PCR is sensitive and specific method for early detection of C. difficile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherein G. Elgendy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Corresponding author:Sherein G. Elgendy, Ph.D, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. Tel: +2-1021887728, Fax: +088-2080278,
| | - Sherine A. Aly
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Rawhia Fathy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Enas A.E. Deaf
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Naglaa H. Abu Faddan
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Muhamad R. Abdel Hameed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Unit, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Elgendy SG, Abdel Hameed MR, El-Mokhtar MA. Tigecycline resistance among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from febrile neutropenic patients. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:972-975. [PMID: 29799385 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Febrile neutropenic patients are at a high risk of life-threatening bacterial infections. Tigecycline was developed to treat multidrug-resistant isolates, however resistance to tigecycline in Klebsiella pneumoniae has been reported. Here, we investigated tigecycline resistance among K. pneumoniae isolated from febrile neutropenic patients admitted to Hematology ICU, Egypt. Out of 75 enrolled febrile neutropenic patients, 48 cases showed bacteriologically confirmed infection. The majority of cases were infected with K. pneumoniae, of which nine were tigecycline non-susceptible. Expression levels of the efflux pump genes acrB and oqxB and their regulatory genes ramA and rarA were analysed. Six isolates had overexpression of the four efflux-related genes while one showed baseline expression. This study emphasizes the importance of growing tigecycline resistance in K. pneumoniae infecting febrile neutropenic patients. Concerning the mechanism of resistance, it was clear that the ramA gene plays the major role, although alternative resistance mechanisms may also exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherein G Elgendy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Muhammad R Abdel Hameed
- Internal Medicine and Hematology Unit, Assiut University Hospitals, Assiut University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Mokhtar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt
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Badari MS, Elgendy SG, Mohamed AS, Hassan AT. Immunomodulatory Effects of Levofloxacin on Patients with Pneumonia in Assiut University Hospitals. Egypt J Immunol 2015; 22:79-85. [PMID: 26415375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effects of antibiotics could influence the degree of systemic and local responses to infection, so investigation of their intrinsic influence on the host's inflammatory response appears to be essential. Fluoroquinolones are known to exert modulatory activity on immune responses to microbial infection. However the mechanism of this immunmodulation has not been well elucidated. The aim of the work, is to assess the immunomodulatory effects of a levofloxacin, through examining its effect on the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and Interleukin - 10 (IL-10) in serum of pneumonic patients. After following local research ethics committee approval and informed consent. This study included 40 patients with different types of pneumonia, admitted to department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University Hospitals, Egypt. Also, 10 healthy volunteers served as randomized controls. Both patients and controls received levofloxacin (750 mg once daily for 10 days). Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were measured in patients and control before and after levofloxacin administration (750 mg once daily for 10 days) using human TNF-α and IL-10 ELISA kits respectively. Levofloxacin caused a statistically significant decrease in the mean level of TNF-α in both patients (20.82 ± 1.31 pg/ml) (P < 0.009) and control group (17.12 ± 0.84 pg/ml) (P < 0.004). In contrast, there was statistically significant increase (P < 0.000) in the mean level of IL-1 0 in patients (61.75 ± 2.85 pg/ml) while statistically significant decrease (P < 0.005) in control group (28.57 ± 1.37 pg/ml). In conclusion, our study demonstrates that treatment with levofloxacin affects production of TNF-α as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and IL-10 as an anti-inflammatory cytokines which may provide additional benefits in treatment of respiratory tract infections that are independent of its antibacterial properties.
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