1
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Furuta M, Arii S, Umeda H, Matsukawa R, Shizu K, Kaji H, Kawashima SA, Hori Y, Tomita T, Sohma Y, Mitsunuma H, Kanai M. Leuco Ethyl Violet as Self-Activating Prodrug Photocatalyst for In Vivo Amyloid-Selective Oxygenation. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2401346. [PMID: 38689504 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant aggregates of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau protein (tau), called amyloid, are related to the etiology of Alzheimer disease (AD). Reducing amyloid levels in AD patients is a potentially effective approach to the treatment of AD. The selective degradation of amyloids via small molecule-catalyzed photooxygenation in vivo is a leading approach; however, moderate catalyst activity and the side effects of scalp injury are problematic in prior studies using AD model mice. Here, leuco ethyl violet (LEV) is identified as a highly active, amyloid-selective, and blood-brain barrier (BBB)-permeable photooxygenation catalyst that circumvents all of these problems. LEV is a redox-sensitive, self-activating prodrug catalyst; self-oxidation of LEV through a hydrogen atom transfer process under photoirradiation produces catalytically active ethyl violet (EV) in the presence of amyloid. LEV effectively oxygenates human Aβ and tau, suggesting the feasibility for applications in humans. Furthermore, a concept of using a hydrogen atom as a caging group of a reactive catalyst functional in vivo is postulated. The minimal size of the hydrogen caging group is especially useful for catalyst delivery to the brain through BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Furuta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Suguru Arii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroki Umeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryota Matsukawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Shizu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hironori Kaji
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigehiro A Kawashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Youhei Sohma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 640-8156, Japan
| | - Harunobu Mitsunuma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- PRESTO, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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2
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Fujimura A, Ishida H, Nozaki T, Terada S, Azumaya Y, Ishiguro T, Kamimura YR, Kujirai T, Kurumizaka H, Kono H, Yamatsugu K, Kawashima SA, Kanai M. Designer Adaptor Proteins for Functional Conversion of Peptides to Small-Molecule Ligands toward In-Cell Catalytic Protein Modification. ACS Cent Sci 2023; 9:2115-2128. [PMID: 38033808 PMCID: PMC10683481 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Peptides are privileged ligands for diverse biomacromolecules, including proteins; however, their utility is often limited due to low membrane permeability and in-cell instability. Here, we report peptide ligand-inserted eDHFR (PLIED) fusion protein as a universal adaptor for targeting proteins of interest (POI) with cell-permeable and stable synthetic functional small molecules (SFSM). PLIED binds to POI through the peptide moiety, properly orienting its eDHFR moiety, which then recruits trimethoprim (TMP)-conjugated SFSM to POI. Using a lysine-acylating BAHA catalyst as SFSM, we demonstrate that POI (MDM2 and chromatin histone) are post-translationally and synthetically acetylated at specific lysine residues. The residue-selectivity is predictable in an atomic resolution from molecular dynamics simulations of the POI/PLIED/TMP-BAHA (MTX was used as a TMP model) ternary complex. This designer adaptor approach universally enables functional conversion of impermeable peptide ligands to permeable small-molecule ligands, thus expanding the in-cell toolbox of chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Fujimura
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hisashi Ishida
- Institute
for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes
for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tamiko Nozaki
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shuhei Terada
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuto Azumaya
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishiguro
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yugo R. Kamimura
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kujirai
- Institute
for Quantitative Biosciences, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Institute
for Quantitative Biosciences, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kono
- Institute
for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes
for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yamatsugu
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shigehiro A. Kawashima
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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3
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Habazaki M, Mizumoto S, Kajino H, Kujirai T, Kurumizaka H, Kawashima SA, Yamatsugu K, Kanai M. A chemical catalyst enabling histone acylation with endogenous acyl-CoA. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5790. [PMID: 37737243 PMCID: PMC10517024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Life emerges from a network of biomolecules and chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes. As enzyme abnormalities are often connected to various diseases, a chemical catalyst promoting physiologically important intracellular reactions in place of malfunctional endogenous enzymes would have great utility in understanding and treating diseases. However, research into such small-molecule chemical enzyme surrogates remains limited, due to difficulties in developing a reactive catalyst capable of activating inert cellular metabolites present at low concentrations. Herein, we report a small-molecule catalyst, mBnA, as a surrogate for a histone acetyltransferase. A hydroxamic acid moiety of suitable electronic characteristics at the catalytic site, paired with a thiol-thioester exchange process, enables mBnA to activate endogenous acyl-CoAs present in low concentrations and promote histone lysine acylations in living cells without the addition of exogenous acyl donors. An enzyme surrogate utilizing cellular metabolites will be a unique tool for elucidation of and synthetic intervention in the chemistry of life and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misuzu Habazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Mizumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kajino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kujirai
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Shigehiro A Kawashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Kenzo Yamatsugu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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4
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Umeda H, Sawazaki T, Furuta M, Suzuki T, Kawashima SA, Mitsunuma H, Hori Y, Tomita T, Sohma Y, Kanai M. Quantitative Assays for Catalytic Photo-Oxygenation of Alzheimer Disease-Related Tau Proteins. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2710-2716. [PMID: 37470225 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalytic photo-oxygenation of tau amyloid is a potential therapeutic approach to tauopathies, including Alzheimer disease (AD). However, tau is a complex target containing great molecular size and heterogeneous isoforms/proteoforms. Although catalytic photo-oxygenation has been confirmed when using catalyst 1 and recombinant tau pretreated with heparin, its effects on tau from human patients have not yet been clarified. In this study, focusing on the histidine residues being oxygenated, we have constructed two assay systems capable of quantitatively evaluating the catalytic activity when used on human patient tau: (1) fluorescence labeling at oxygenated histidine sites and (2) LC-MS/MS analysis of histidine-containing fragments. Using these assays, we identified 2 as a promising catalyst for oxygenation of human tau. In addition, our results suggest that aggregated tau induced by heparin is different from actual AD patient tau in developing effective photo-oxygenation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Umeda
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taka Sawazaki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 640-8156, Japan
| | - Masahiro Furuta
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takanobu Suzuki
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shigehiro A Kawashima
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Harunobu Mitsunuma
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hori
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Laboratory of Neuropathology and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Youhei Sohma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 640-8156, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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5
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Oda H, Sato Y, Kawashima SA, Fujiwara Y, Pálfy M, Wu E, Vastenhouw NL, Kanai M, Kimura H. Actin filaments accumulated in the nucleus and remain in the vicinity of condensing chromosomes during prophase in zebrafish early embryo. Biol Open 2023; 12:310414. [PMID: 37071022 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the cytoplasm, filamentous actin (F-actin) plays a critical role in cell regulation, including cell migration, stress fiber formation, and cytokinesis. Recent studies have shown that actin filaments that form in the nucleus are associated with diverse functions. Here, using live imaging of an F-actin-specific probe, superfolder GFP-tagged utrophin (UtrCH-sfGFP), we demonstrated the dynamics of nuclear actin in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. In early zebrafish embryos up to around the high stage, UtrCH-sfGFP increasingly accumulated in nuclei during the interphase and reached a peak during the prophase. After nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD), patches of UtrCH-sfGFP remained in the vicinity of condensing chromosomes during the prometaphase to metaphase. When zygotic transcription was inhibited by injecting α-amanitin, the nuclear accumulation of UtrCH-sfGFP was still observed at the sphere and dome stages, suggesting that zygotic transcription may induce a decrease in nuclear F-actin. The accumulation of F-actin in nuclei may contribute to proper mitotic progression of large cells with rapid cell cycles in zebrafish early embryos, by assisting in NEBD, chromosome congression, and/or spindle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Oda
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yuko Sato
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shigehiro A Kawashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Máté Pálfy
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden-01307, Germany
| | - Edlyn Wu
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden-01307, Germany
- University of Lausanne, Center for Integrative Genomics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Nadine L Vastenhouw
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden-01307, Germany
- University of Lausanne, Center for Integrative Genomics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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6
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Kawashima SA, Kanai M. Live Cell Synthetic Histone Acetylation by Chemical Catalyst. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2519:155-161. [PMID: 36066720 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2433-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of histones, such as lysine acetylation and ubiquitination, regulate chromatin structure and gene expression. In living organisms, histone PTMs are catalyzed by histone-modifying enzymes. Here, we describe an entirely chemical method to introduce histone modifications in living cells without genetic manipulation. The chemical catalyst PEG-LANA-DSSMe activates a thioester acetyl donor, N,S-diacetylcysteamine (NAC-Ac), and promotes regioselective, synthetic histone acetylation at H2BK120 in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Adamson C, Kajino H, Kawashima SA, Yamatsugu K, Kanai M. Live-Cell Protein Modification by Boronate-Assisted Hydroxamic Acid Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14976-14980. [PMID: 34506708 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Selective methods for introducing protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) within living cells have proven valuable for interrogating their biological function. In contrast to enzymatic methods, abiotic catalysis should offer access to diverse and new-to-nature PTMs. Herein, we report the boronate-assisted hydroxamic acid (BAHA) catalyst system, which comprises a protein ligand, a hydroxamic acid Lewis base, and a diol moiety. In concert with a boronic acid-bearing acyl donor, our catalyst leverages a local molarity effect to promote acyl transfer to a target lysine residue. Our catalyst system employs micromolar reagent concentrations and affords minimal off-target protein reactivity. Critically, BAHA is resistant to glutathione, a metabolite which has hampered many efforts toward abiotic chemistry within living cells. To showcase this methodology, we installed a variety of acyl groups in E. coli dihydrofolate reductase expressed within human cells. Our results further establish the well-known boronic acid-diol complexation as a bona fide bio-orthogonal reaction with applications in chemical biology and in-cell catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Adamson
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 113-0033
| | - Hidetoshi Kajino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 113-0033
| | - Shigehiro A Kawashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 113-0033
| | - Kenzo Yamatsugu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 113-0033
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 113-0033
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8
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Fujiyoshi K, Kawashima SA, Yamatsugu K, Kanai M. A Single-Step Asymmetric Phosphodiester Synthesis from Alcohols with Phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphodiester. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1509-9275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesters are important structural motifs observed in a diverse field of molecular science. It is, thus, important to develop a simple and robust way to synthesize them from corresponding alcohols. Here we report a single-step asymmetric phosphodiester synthesis from alcohols with phosphoenolpyruvate phosphodiesters as phosphoryl donors. This transformation allows for the use of various functionalized alcohols as substrates, and would be useful for diverse fields including biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Fujiyoshi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Shigehiro A Kawashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yamatsugu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Fujiwara Y, Yamanashi Y, Fujimura A, Sato Y, Kujirai T, Kurumizaka H, Kimura H, Yamatsugu K, Kawashima SA, Kanai M. Live-cell epigenome manipulation by synthetic histone acetylation catalyst system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2019554118. [PMID: 33468653 PMCID: PMC7848698 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019554118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical modifications of histones, such as lysine acetylation and ubiquitination, play pivotal roles in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Methods to alter the epigenome thus hold promise as tools for elucidating epigenetic mechanisms and as therapeutics. However, an entirely chemical method to introduce histone modifications in living cells without genetic manipulation is unprecedented. Here, we developed a chemical catalyst, PEG-LANA-DSSMe 11, that binds with nucleosome's acidic patch and promotes regioselective, synthetic histone acetylation at H2BK120 in living cells. The size of polyethylene glycol in the catalyst was a critical determinant for its in-cell metabolic stability, binding affinity to histones, and high activity. The synthetic acetylation promoted by 11 without genetic manipulation competed with and suppressed physiological H2B ubiquitination, a mark regulating chromatin functions, such as transcription and DNA damage response. Thus, the chemical catalyst will be a useful tool to manipulate epigenome for unraveling epigenetic mechanisms in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamanashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akiko Fujimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuko Sato
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kujirai
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yamatsugu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Shigehiro A Kawashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
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10
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Kajino H, Nagatani T, Oi M, Kujirai T, Kurumizaka H, Nishiyama A, Nakanishi M, Yamatsugu K, Kawashima SA, Kanai M. Synthetic hyperacetylation of nucleosomal histones. RSC Chem Biol 2020; 1:56-59. [PMID: 34458748 PMCID: PMC8341002 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00029a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report combinations of a DMAP-based catalyst and phenyl acetate with optimal electron density as a new chemical system for high-yield, selective synthetic acetylation of histone lysine residues. The utility of this chemical system as a unique biologic tool is demonstrated by applying it to Xenopus laevis sperm chromatin. A chemical catalyst system enabling high-yielding and comprehensive lysine acetylation of nucleosomal histones was developed as an epigenetics tool.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Kajino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tomomi Nagatani
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Shiroganedai Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
| | - Miku Oi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Tomoya Kujirai
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0032 Japan.,JST-ERATO, KURUMIZAKA Chromatin Atlas 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0032 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0032 Japan.,JST-ERATO, KURUMIZAKA Chromatin Atlas 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0032 Japan
| | - Atsuya Nishiyama
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Shiroganedai Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
| | - Makoto Nakanishi
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Shiroganedai Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8639 Japan
| | - Kenzo Yamatsugu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shigehiro A Kawashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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11
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Mizumoto S, Xi S, Fujiwara Y, Kawashima SA, Yamatsugu K, Kanai M. Hydroxamic Acid‐Piperidine Conjugate is an Activated Catalyst for Lysine Acetylation under Physiological Conditions. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:833-839. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Mizumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Siqi Xi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yusuke Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shigehiro A. Kawashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kenzo Yamatsugu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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12
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Hamajima W, Fujimura A, Fujiwara Y, Yamatsugu K, Kawashima SA, Kanai M. Site-Selective Synthetic Acylation of a Target Protein in Living Cells Promoted by a Chemical Catalyst/Donor System. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1102-1109. [PMID: 31117394 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell biology is tightly regulated by post-translational modifications of proteins. Methods to modulate post-translational modifications in living cells without relying on enzymes or genetic manipulation are, however, largely underexplored. We previously reported that a chemical catalyst (DSH) conjugated with a nucleosome-binding ligand can activate an acyl-CoA and promote site-selective lysine acylation of histones in test tubes. In-cell acylation by this catalyst system is challenging, however, mainly due to the low cell permeability of acyl-CoA and the propensity of DSH to form inactive disulfide. Here, we report a new catalyst system effective for in-cell acylation, comprising a cell-permeable acyl donor and pro-drugged DSH. Using E. coli dihydrofolate reductase and trimethoprim as a model protein and ligand pair, the catalyst system enabled site-selective acylation of the target protein in living cells. The findings will lead to the development of useful chemical biology tools and new therapeutic strategies capable of synthetically modulating post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Hamajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akiko Fujimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yamatsugu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shigehiro A. Kawashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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13
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Kobayashi Y, Kawashima SA. Bub1 kinase- and H2A phosphorylation-independent regulation of Shugoshin proteins under glucose-restricted conditions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2826. [PMID: 30809004 PMCID: PMC6391426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Shugoshin family proteins are involved in various aspects of chromatin regulations, such as chromosome segregation, chromatin structure, and gene expression. In growing yeast and mammalian cells, C-terminal phosphorylation of histone H2A by Bub1 kinase is essential for the localization of Shugoshin proteins to chromatin. Here, we show that in stationary-phase cells, Bub1-mediated H2A phosphorylation is not necessary for chromatin localization of the Shugoshin paralog Sgo2 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, or for Sgo2-dependent suppression of gene expression in subtelomeric regions. The conserved C-terminal basic domain of Sgo2, which directly binds with phosphorylated H2A, is also dispensable for the localization of Sgo2 to chromatin at stationary phase. Instead, we found that the conserved N-terminal coiled-coil domain and the uncharacterized medial region of Sgo2 are required for Bub1-independent localization of Sgo2. Moreover, Set2-mediated H3K36 methylation was important for the regulation. Intriguingly, the chromatin localization of Sgo2 in the absence of Bub1 was also observed when cells were grown in low-glucose medium. These findings suggest a novel mechanism between nutrient availability and regulation of chromatin by Shugoshin proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shigehiro A Kawashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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14
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Chen Z, Suzuki H, Kobayashi Y, Wang AC, DiMaio F, Kawashima SA, Walz T, Kapoor TM. Structural Insights into Mdn1, an ∼540 kDa AAA Protein Required for Ribosome Biogenesis. Biophys J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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15
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Chen Z, Suzuki H, Kobayashi Y, Wang AC, DiMaio F, Kawashima SA, Walz T, Kapoor TM. Structural Insights into Mdn1, an Essential AAA Protein Required for Ribosome Biogenesis. Cell 2018; 175:822-834.e18. [PMID: 30318141 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mdn1 is an essential AAA (ATPase associated with various activities) protein that removes assembly factors from distinct precursors of the ribosomal 60S subunit. However, Mdn1's large size (∼5,000 amino acid [aa]) and its limited homology to other well-studied proteins have restricted our understanding of its remodeling function. Here, we present structures for S. pombe Mdn1 in the presence of AMPPNP at up to ∼4 Å or ATP plus Rbin-1, a chemical inhibitor, at ∼8 Å resolution. These data reveal that Mdn1's MIDAS domain is tethered to its ring-shaped AAA domain through an ∼20 nm long structured linker and a flexible ∼500 aa Asp/Glu-rich motif. We find that the MIDAS domain, which also binds other ribosome-assembly factors, docks onto the AAA ring in a nucleotide state-specific manner. Together, our findings reveal how conformational changes in the AAA ring can be directly transmitted to the MIDAS domain and thereby drive the targeted release of assembly factors from ribosomal 60S-subunit precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuki Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
| | - Ashley C Wang
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Frank DiMaio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shigehiro A Kawashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
| | - Thomas Walz
- Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Tarun M Kapoor
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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16
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Yamatsugu K, Kawashima SA, Kanai M. Leading approaches in synthetic epigenetics for novel therapeutic strategies. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 46:10-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Yamatsugu K, Furuta M, Xi S, Amamoto Y, Liu J, Kawashima SA, Kanai M. Kinetic analyses and structure-activity relationship studies of synthetic lysine acetylation catalysts. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5359-5367. [PMID: 30006145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lysine acylation of proteins is a crucial chemical reaction, both as a post-translational modification and as a method for bioconjugation. We previously developed a chemical catalyst, DSH, which activates a chemically stable thioester including acyl-CoA, allowing the site-selective lysine acylation of histones under physiological conditions. However, a more active catalyst is required for efficient lysine acylation in more complex biological milieu, such as in living cells, but there are no rational guidelines for developing efficient lysine acylation catalysts for use under physiological conditions as opposed to in organic solvents. We, herein, conducted a kinetic analysis of the ability of DSH and several derivatives to mediate lysine acetylation to better understand the structural elements essential for high acetylation activity under physiological conditions. Interestingly, the obtained trend in reactivity was different from that observed in organic solvents, suggesting that a different principle is necessary for designing chemical catalysts specifically for use under physiological conditions compared to catalysts for use in organic solvents. Based on the obtained information, we identified a new catalyst scaffold with high activity and structural flexibility for further modification to improve this catalyst system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Yamatsugu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; JST-ERATO, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Furuta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Siqi Xi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Amamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; JST-ERATO, Japan
| | - Jiaan Liu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shigehiro A Kawashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; JST-ERATO, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; JST-ERATO, Japan.
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18
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Tanabe K, Liu J, Kato D, Kurumizaka H, Yamatsugu K, Kanai M, Kawashima SA. LC-MS/MS-based quantitative study of the acyl group- and site-selectivity of human sirtuins to acylated nucleosomes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2656. [PMID: 29422688 PMCID: PMC5805777 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin structure and gene expression are dynamically regulated by posttranslational modifications of histones. Recent advance in mass spectrometry has identified novel types of lysine acylations, such as butyrylation and malonylation, whose functions and regulations are likely different from those of acetylation. Sirtuins, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone deacetylases, catalyze various deacylations. However, it is poorly understood how distinct sirtuins regulate the histone acylation states of nucleosomes that have many lysine residues. Here, we provide mass spectrometry-based quantitative information about the acyl group- and site-selectivity of all human sirtuins on acylated nucleosomes. The acyl group- and site-selectivity of each sirtuin is unique to its subtype. Sirt5 exclusively removes negatively-charged acyl groups, while Sirt1/2/3/6/7 preferentially remove hydrophobic acyl groups; Sirt1 and Sirt3 selectively remove acetyl group more than butyryl group, whereas Sirt2 and Sirt6 showed the opposite selectivity. Investigating site-selectivity for active sirtuins revealed acylated lysines on H4 tails to be poor substrates and acylated H3K18 to be a good substrate. Furthermore, we found Sirt7 to be a robust deacylase of H3K36/37, and its activity reliant on nucleosome-binding at its C-terminal basic region. All together, our quantitative dataset provides a useful resource in understanding chromatin regulations by histone acylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Tanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,JST-ERATO, Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jiaan Liu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daiki Kato
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yamatsugu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,JST-ERATO, Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,JST-ERATO, Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Shigehiro A Kawashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,JST-ERATO, Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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19
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Ishiguro T, Amamoto Y, Tanabe K, Liu J, Kajino H, Fujimura A, Aoi Y, Osakabe A, Horikoshi N, Kurumizaka H, Yamatsugu K, Kawashima SA, Kanai M. Synthetic Chromatin Acylation by an Artificial Catalyst System. Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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20
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Amamoto Y, Aoi Y, Nagashima N, Suto H, Yoshidome D, Arimura Y, Osakabe A, Kato D, Kurumizaka H, Kawashima SA, Yamatsugu K, Kanai M. Synthetic Posttranslational Modifications: Chemical Catalyst-Driven Regioselective Histone Acylation of Native Chromatin. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:7568-7576. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Amamoto
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuki Aoi
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nozomu Nagashima
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroki Suto
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoshidome
- Schrödinger K. K., 17F Marunouchi
Trust Tower North, 1-8-1 Marunouchi Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0005, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Arimura
- Laboratory
of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku,
Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Akihisa Osakabe
- Laboratory
of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku,
Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Daiki Kato
- Laboratory
of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku,
Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Laboratory
of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku,
Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Shigehiro A. Kawashima
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenzo Yamatsugu
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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21
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Takemoto A, Kawashima SA, Li JJ, Jeffery L, Yamatsugu K, Elemento O, Nurse P. Nuclear envelope expansion is crucial for proper chromosomal segregation during a closed mitosis. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1250-9. [PMID: 26869222 PMCID: PMC4813296 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.181560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we screened a 10,371 library of diverse molecules using a drug-sensitive fission yeast strain to identify compounds which cause defects in chromosome segregation during mitosis. We identified a phosphorium-ylide-based compound Cutin-1 which inhibits nuclear envelope expansion and nuclear elongation during the closed mitosis of fission yeast, and showed that its target is the β-subunit of fatty acid synthase. A point mutation in the dehydratase domain of Fas1 conferred in vivo and in vitro resistance to Cutin-1. Time-lapse photomicrography showed that the bulk of the chromosomes were only transiently separated during mitosis, and nucleoli separation was defective. Subsequently sister chromatids re-associated leading to chromosomal mis-segregation. These segregation defects were reduced when the nuclear volume was increased and were increased when the nuclear volume was reduced. We propose that there needs to be sufficient nuclear volume to allow the nuclear elongation necessary during a closed mitosis to take place for proper chromosome segregation, and that inhibition of fatty acid synthase compromises nuclear elongation and leads to defects in chromosomal segregation. Summary: Identification of a new fatty acid synthase inhibitor for nuclear division by a chemical genetic screen revealed a link between nuclear envelope expansion and faithful chromosome segregation in a closed mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Takemoto
- Laboratory of Yeast Genetics and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shigehiro A Kawashima
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Juan-Juan Li
- The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, London NW1 2BE, UK
| | - Linda Jeffery
- The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, London NW1 2BE, UK
| | - Kenzo Yamatsugu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Paul Nurse
- Laboratory of Yeast Genetics and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, London NW1 2BE, UK
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22
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Kimura Y, Saito N, Hanada K, Liu J, Okabe T, Kawashima SA, Yamatsugu K, Kanai M. Supramolecular Ligands for Histone Tails by Employing a Multivalent Display of Trisulfonated Calix[4]arenes. Chembiochem 2015; 16:2599-604. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Kimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); ERATO; Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Nae Saito
- Drug Discovery Initiative; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kayo Hanada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Jiaan Liu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Takayoshi Okabe
- Drug Discovery Initiative; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Shigehiro A. Kawashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); ERATO; Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kenzo Yamatsugu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); ERATO; Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); ERATO; Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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23
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Aoi Y, Kawashima SA, Simanis V, Yamamoto M, Sato M. Optimization of the analogue-sensitive Cdc2/Cdk1 mutant by in vivo selection eliminates physiological limitations to its use in cell cycle analysis. Open Biol 2015; 4:rsob.140063. [PMID: 24990387 PMCID: PMC4118601 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.140063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Analogue-sensitive (as) mutants of kinases are widely used to selectively inhibit a single kinase with few off-target effects. The analogue-sensitive mutant cdc2-as of fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) is a powerful tool to study the cell cycle, but the strain displays meiotic defects, and is sensitive to high and low temperature even in the absence of ATP-analogue inhibitors. This has limited the use of the strain for use in these settings. Here, we used in vivo selection for intragenic suppressor mutations of cdc2-as that restore full function in the absence of ATP-analogues. The cdc2-asM17 underwent meiosis and produced viable spores to a similar degree to the wild-type strain. The suppressor mutation also rescued the sensitivity of the cdc2-as strain to high and low temperature, genotoxins and an anti-microtubule drug. We have used cdc2-asM17 to show that Cdc2 activity is required to maintain the activity of the spindle assembly checkpoint. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that maintenance of the Shugoshin Sgo1 at meiotic centromeres does not require Cdc2 activity, whereas localization of the kinase aurora does. The modified cdc2-asM17 allele can be thus used to analyse many aspects of cell-cycle-related events in fission yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Aoi
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shigehiro A Kawashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Viesturs Simanis
- EPFL SV ISREC UPSIM SV2.1830, Station 19, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan Laboratory of Cell Responses, National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Sato
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Logistics, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
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Chang FY, Kawashima SA, Brady SF. Mutations in the proteolipid subunits of the vacuolar H+-ATPase provide resistance to indolotryptoline natural products. Biochemistry 2014; 53:7123-31. [PMID: 25319670 PMCID: PMC4238801 DOI: 10.1021/bi501078j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Indolotryptoline natural products
represent a small family of structurally
unique chromopyrrolic acid-derived antiproliferative agents. Like
many prospective anticancer agents before them, the exploration of
their potential clinical utility has been hindered by the limited
information known about their mechanism of action. To study the mode
of action of two closely related indolotryptolines (BE-54017, cladoniamide
A), we selected for drug resistant mutants using a multidrug resistance-suppressed
(MDR-sup) Schizosaccharomyces pombe strain. As fission
yeast maintains many of the basic cancer-relevant cellular processes
present in human cells, it represents an appealing model to use in
determining the potential molecular target of antiproliferative natural
products through resistant mutant screening. Full genome sequencing
of resistant mutants identified mutations in the c and c′ subunits
of the proteolipid substructure of the vacuolar H+-ATPase
complex (V-ATPase). This collection of resistance-conferring mutations
maps to a site that is distant from the nucleotide-binding sites of
V-ATPase and distinct from sites found to confer resistance to known
V-ATPase inhibitors. Acid vacuole staining, cross-resistance studies,
and direct c/c′ subunit mutagenesis all suggest that indolotryptolines
are likely a structurally novel class of V-ATPase inhibitors. This
work demonstrates the general utility of resistant mutant selection
using MDR-sup S. pombe as a rapid and potentially
systematic approach for studying the modes of action of cytotoxic
natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yuan Chang
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University , 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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Aoi Y, Sato M, Sutani T, Shirahige K, Kapoor TM, Kawashima SA. Dissecting the first and the second meiotic divisions using a marker-less drug-hypersensitive fission yeast. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1327-34. [PMID: 24621506 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation during meiosis is indispensable to prevent birth defects and infertility. Canonical genetic manipulations have not been very useful for studying meiosis II, since mutations of genes involved in cell cycle regulation or chromosome segregation may affect meiosis I, making interpretations of any defects observed in meiosis II complicated. Here we present a powerful strategy to dissect meiosis I and meiosis II, using chemical inhibitors in genetically tractable model organism fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe). As various chemical probes are not active in fission yeast, mainly due to an effective multidrug resistance (MDR) response, we have recently developed a drug-hypersensitive MDR-sup strain by suppression of the key genes responsible for MDR response. We further developed the MDR-supML (marker-less) strain by deleting 7 MDR genes without commonly used antibiotic markers. The new strain makes fluorescent tagging and gene deletion much simpler, which enables effective protein visualization in varied genetic backgrounds. Using the MDR-supML strain with chemical inhibitors and live cell fluorescence microscopy, we established cell cycle arrest at meiosis I and meiosis II and examined Aurora-dependent spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) regulation during meiosis. We found that Aurora B/Ark1 kinase activity is required for recruitment of Bub1, an essential SAC kinase, to unattached kinetochore in prometaphase I and prometaphase II as in mitosis. Thus, Aurora's role in SAC activation is likely conserved in mitosis, meiosis I, and meiosis II. Together, our MDR-supML strain will be useful to dissect complex molecular mechanisms in mitosis and 2 successive meiotic divisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Aoi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Sato
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience; Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering; Waseda University; Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sutani
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shirahige
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tarun M Kapoor
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology; Rockefeller University; New York, NY USA
| | - Shigehiro A Kawashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Komatsu H, Shindo Y, Kawashima SA, Yamatsugu K, Oka K, Kanai M. Intracellular activation of acetyl-CoA by an artificial reaction promoter and its fluorescent detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2876-8. [PMID: 23443073 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc40616d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The application of a new rhodamine-based fluorescent probe, RH-NH2 3 and an acyl transfer promoter, PBu3, to Hela cells induced a time-dependent increase in fluorescence in the mitochondria, which was most likely due to acetylation of RH-NH2 3 with activated acetyl-CoA by the artificial reaction promoter in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Komatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Kawashima SA, Takemoto A, Nurse P, Kapoor TM. A chemical biology strategy to analyze rheostat-like protein kinase-dependent regulation. Chem Biol 2013; 20:262-71. [PMID: 23438755 PMCID: PMC3626098 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases may function more like variable rheostats rather than two-state switches. However, we lack approaches to properly analyze this aspect of kinase-dependent regulation. To address this, we develop a strategy in which a kinase inhibitor is identified using genetics-based screens, kinase mutations that confer resistance are characterized, and dose-dependent responses of isogenic drug-sensitive and resistant cells to inhibitor treatments are compared. This approach has the advantage that function of wild-type kinase, rather than mutants, is examined. To develop this approach, we focus on Ark1, the fission yeast member of the conserved Aurora kinase family. Applying this approach reveals that proper chromosome compaction in fission yeast needs high Ark1 activity, while other processes depend on significantly lower activity levels. Our strategy is general and can be used to examine the functions of other molecular rheostats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ai Takemoto
- Laboratory of Yeast Genetics and Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Paul Nurse
- Laboratory of Yeast Genetics and Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Tarun M. Kapoor
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
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28
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Li X, Foley EA, Kawashima SA, Molloy KR, Li Y, Chait BT, Kapoor TM. Examining post-translational modification-mediated protein-protein interactions using a chemical proteomics approach. Protein Sci 2013; 22:287-95. [PMID: 23281010 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTM) of proteins can control complex and dynamic cellular processes via regulating interactions between key proteins. To understand these regulatory mechanisms, it is critical that we can profile the PTM-dependent protein-protein interactions. However, identifying these interactions can be very difficult using available approaches, as PTMs can be dynamic and often mediate relatively weak protein-protein interactions. We have recently developed CLASPI (cross-linking-assisted and stable isotope labeling in cell culture-based protein identification), a chemical proteomics approach to examine protein-protein interactions mediated by methylation in human cell lysates. Here, we report three extensions of the CLASPI approach. First, we show that CLASPI can be used to analyze methylation-dependent protein-protein interactions in lysates of fission yeast, a genetically tractable model organism. For these studies, we examined trimethylated histone H3 lysine-9 (H3K9Me₃)-dependent protein-protein interactions. Second, we demonstrate that CLASPI can be used to examine phosphorylation-dependent protein-protein interactions. In particular, we profile proteins recognizing phosphorylated histone H3 threonine-3 (H3T3-Phos), a mitotic histone "mark" appearing exclusively during cell division. Our approach identified survivin, the only known H3T3-Phos-binding protein, as well as other proteins, such as MCAK and KIF2A, that are likely to be involved in weak but selective interactions with this histone phosphorylation "mark". Finally, we demonstrate that the CLASPI approach can be used to study the interplay between histone H3T3-Phos and trimethylation on the adjacent residue lysine 4 (H3K4Me₃). Together, our findings indicate the CLASPI approach can be broadly applied to profile protein-protein interactions mediated by PTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, New York, New York 10065, USA
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29
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Kawashima SA, Takemoto A, Nurse P, Kapoor TM. Analyzing fission yeast multidrug resistance mechanisms to develop a genetically tractable model system for chemical biology. Chem Biol 2012; 19:893-901. [PMID: 22840777 PMCID: PMC3589755 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemical inhibitors can help analyze dynamic cellular processes, particularly when probes are active in genetically tractable model systems. Although fission yeast has served as an important model system, which shares more cellular processes (e.g., RNAi) with humans than budding yeast, its use for chemical biology has been limited by its multidrug resistance (MDR) response. Using genomics and genetics approaches, we identified the key transcription factors and drug-efflux transporters responsible for fission yeast MDR and designed strains sensitive to a wide-range of chemical inhibitors, including commonly used probes. We used this strain, along with acute chemical inhibition and high-resolution imaging, to examine metaphase spindle organization in a "closed" mitosis. Together, our findings suggest that our fission yeast strains will allow the use of several inhibitors as probes, discovery of new inhibitors, and analysis of drug action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ai Takemoto
- Laboratory of Yeast Genetics and Cell Biology Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Paul Nurse
- Laboratory of Yeast Genetics and Cell Biology Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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30
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Kawashima SA, Yamagishi Y, Honda T, Ishiguro KI, Watanabe Y. Phosphorylation of H2A by Bub1 prevents chromosomal instability through localizing shugoshin. Science 2009; 327:172-7. [PMID: 19965387 DOI: 10.1126/science.1180189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bub1 is a multi-task protein kinase required for proper chromosome segregation in eukaryotes. Impairment of Bub1 in humans may lead to chromosomal instability (CIN) or tumorigenesis. Yet, the primary cellular substrate of Bub1 has remained elusive. Here, we show that Bub1 phosphorylates the conserved serine 121 of histone H2A in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The h2a-SA mutant, in which all cellular H2A-S121 is replaced by alanine, phenocopies the bub1 kinase-dead mutant (bub1-KD) in losing the centromeric localization of shugoshin proteins. Artificial tethering of shugoshin to centromeres largely restores the h2a-SA or bub1-KD-related CIN defects, a function that is evolutionally conserved. Thus, Bub1 kinase creates a mark for shugoshin localization and the correct partitioning of chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiro A Kawashima
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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Kawashima SA, Tsukahara T, Langegger M, Hauf S, Kitajima TS, Watanabe Y. Shugoshin enables tension-generating attachment of kinetochores by loading Aurora to centromeres. Genes Dev 2007; 21:420-35. [PMID: 17322402 PMCID: PMC1804331 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1497307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fission yeast shugoshin Sgo1 is meiosis specific and cooperates with protein phosphatase 2A to protect centromeric cohesin at meiosis I. The other shugoshin-like protein Sgo2, which requires the heterochromatin protein Swi6/HP1 for full viability, plays a crucial role for proper chromosome segregation at both mitosis and meiosis; however, the underlying mechanisms are totally elusive. We here demonstrate that, unlike Sgo1, Sgo2 is dispensable for centromeric protection of cohesin. Instead, Sgo2 interacts with Bir1/Survivin and promotes Aurora kinase complex localization to the pericentromeric region, to correct erroneous attachment of kinetochores and thereby enable tension-generating attachment. Forced localization of Bir1 to centromeres partly restored the defects of sgo2Delta. This newly identified interaction of shugoshin with Survivin is conserved between mitosis and meiosis and presumably across eukaryotes. We propose that ensuring bipolar attachment of kinetochores is the primary role of shugoshin and the role of cohesion protection might have codeveloped to facilitate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiro A. Kawashima
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Graduate Program in Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukahara
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Graduate Program in Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Maria Langegger
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Silke Hauf
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tomoya S. Kitajima
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Watanabe
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Graduate Program in Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Corresponding author.E-MAIL ; FAX 81-3-5841-1468
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32
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Kitajima TS, Sakuno T, Ishiguro KI, Iemura SI, Natsume T, Kawashima SA, Watanabe Y. Shugoshin collaborates with protein phosphatase 2A to protect cohesin. Nature 2006; 441:46-52. [PMID: 16541025 DOI: 10.1038/nature04663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2005] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sister chromatid cohesion, mediated by a complex called cohesin, is crucial--particularly at centromeres--for proper chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis. In animal mitotic cells, phosphorylation of cohesin promotes its dissociation from chromosomes, but centromeric cohesin is protected by shugoshin until kinetochores are properly captured by the spindle microtubules. However, the mechanism of shugoshin-dependent protection of cohesin is unknown. Here we find a specific subtype of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) associating with human shugoshin. PP2A colocalizes with shugoshin at centromeres and is required for centromeric protection. Purified shugoshin complex has an ability to reverse the phosphorylation of cohesin in vitro, suggesting that dephosphorylation of cohesin is the mechanism of protection at centromeres. Meiotic shugoshin of fission yeast also associates with PP2A, with both proteins collaboratively protecting Rec8-containing cohesin at centromeres. Thus, we have revealed a conserved mechanism of centromeric protection of eukaryotic chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya S Kitajima
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Kitajima TS, Kawashima SA, Watanabe Y. The conserved kinetochore protein shugoshin protects centromeric cohesion during meiosis. Nature 2004; 427:510-7. [PMID: 14730319 DOI: 10.1038/nature02312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2003] [Accepted: 12/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Meiosis comprises a pair of specialized nuclear divisions that produce haploid germ cells. To accomplish this, sister chromatids must segregate together during the first meiotic division (meiosis I), which requires that sister chromatid cohesion persists at centromeres. The factors that protect centromeric cohesion during meiosis I have remained elusive. Here we identify Sgo1 (shugoshin), a protector of the centromeric cohesin Rec8 in fission yeast. We also identify a homologue of Sgo1 in budding yeast. We provide evidence that shugoshin is widely conserved among eukaryotes. Moreover, we identify Sgo2, a paralogue of shugoshin in fission yeast, which is required for faithful mitotic chromosome segregation. Localization of Sgo1 and Sgo2 at centromeres requires the kinase Bub1, identifying shugoshin as a crucial target for the kinetochore function of Bub1. These findings provide insights into the evolution of meiosis and kinetochore regulation during mitosis and meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya S Kitajima
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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