1
|
Ma TM, Roy S, Wu X, Mantz C, Fuller D, Miszczyk L, Napieralska A, Namysł-Kaletka A, Bagshaw HP, Buyyounouski MK, Glicksman R, Loblaw DA, Katz A, Upadhyaya SK, Nickols N, Steinberg ML, Philipson R, Aghdam N, Suy S, Pepin A, Collins SP, Boutros P, Rettig MB, Calais J, Wang M, Zaorsky N, Kishan AU. Refining the definition of biochemical failure in the era of stereotactic body radiation therapy for prostate cancer: The Phoenix definition and beyond. Radiother Oncol 2021; 166:1-7. [PMID: 34774650 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Phoenix definition for biochemical failure (BCF) after radiotherapy uses nadir PSA (nPSA) + 2 ng/mL to classify a BCF and was derived from conventionally fractionated radiotherapy, which produces significantly higher nPSAs than stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). We investigated whether an alternative nPSA-based threshold could be used to define post-SBRT BCFs. MATERIALS AND METHODS PSA kinetics data on 2038 patients from 9 institutions were retrospectively analyzed for low- and intermediate-risk PCa patients treated with SBRT without ADT. We evaluated the performance of various nPSA-based definitions. We also investigated the relationship of relative PSA decline (rPSA, PSA18month/PSA6month) and timing of reaching nPSA + 2 with BCF. RESULTS Median follow-up was 71.9 months. BCF occurred in 6.9% of patients. Median nPSA was 0.16 ng/mL. False positivity of nPSA + 2 was 30.2%, compared to 40.9%, 57.8%, and 71.0% for nPSA + 1.5, nPSA + 1.0, and nPSA + 0.5, respectively. Among patients with BCF, the median lead time gained from an earlier nPSA + threshold definition over the Phoenix definition was minimal. Patients with BCF had significantly lower rates of early PSA decline (mean rPSA 1.19 vs. 0.39, p < 0.0001) and were significantly more likely to reach nPSA + 2 ≥ 18 months (83.3% vs. 21.1%, p < 0.0001). The proposed criterion (rPSA ≥ 2.6 or nPSA + 2 ≥ 18 months) had a sensitivity and specificity of 92.4% and 81.5%, respectively, for predicting BCF in patients meeting the Phoenix definition and decreased its false positivity to 6.4%. CONCLUSION The Phoenix definition remains an excellent definition for BCF post-SBRT. Its high false positivity can be mitigated by applying additional criteria (rPSA ≥ 2.6 or time to nPSA + 2 ≥ 18 months).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Martin Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Soumyajit Roy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Xue Wu
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | | | - Donald Fuller
- Division of Genesis Healthcare Partners Inc, CyberKnife Centers of San Diego Inc, USA
| | - Leszek Miszczyk
- Department of Radiotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Poland
| | - Alexandra Napieralska
- Department of Radiotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Poland
| | - Agnieska Namysł-Kaletka
- Department of Radiotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Poland
| | - Hilary P Bagshaw
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Mark K Buyyounouski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
| | | | - D Andrew Loblaw
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Canada
| | | | - Shrinivasa K Upadhyaya
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Nicholas Nickols
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | | | | | - Nima Aghdam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Simeng Suy
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Abigail Pepin
- University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Sean P Collins
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Paul Boutros
- University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Jeremie Calais
- Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ming Wang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | - Nicholas Zaorsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Amar U Kishan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Levin-Epstein RG, Jiang NY, Wang X, Upadhyaya SK, Collins SP, Suy S, Aghdam N, Mantz C, Katz AJ, Miszczyk L, Napieralska A, Namysl-Kaletka A, Prionas N, Bagshaw H, Buyyounouski MK, Cao M, Agazaryan N, Dang A, Yuan Y, Kupelian PA, Zaorsky NG, Spratt DE, Mohamad O, Feng FY, Mahal BA, Boutros PC, Kishan AU, Juarez J, Shabsovich D, Jiang T, Kahlon S, Patel A, Patel J, Nickols NG, Steinberg ML, Fuller DB, Kishan AU. Dose-response with stereotactic body radiotherapy for prostate cancer: A multi-institutional analysis of prostate-specific antigen kinetics and biochemical control. Radiother Oncol 2020; 154:207-213. [PMID: 33035622 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The optimal dose for prostate stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is still unknown. This study evaluated the dose-response relationships for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decay and biochemical recurrence (BCR) among 4 SBRT dose regimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 1908 men with low-risk (50.0%), favorable intermediate-risk (30.9%), and unfavorable intermediate-risk (19.1%) prostate cancer treated with prostate SBRT across 8 institutions from 2003 to 2018, we examined 4 regimens (35 Gy/5 fractions [35/5, n = 265, 13.4%], 36.25 Gy/5 fractions [36.25/5, n = 711, 37.3%], 40 Gy/5 fractions [40/5, n = 684, 35.8%], and 38 Gy/4 fractions [38/4, n = 257, 13.5%]). Between dose groups, we compared PSA decay slope, nadir PSA (nPSA), achievement of nPSA ≤0.2 and ≤0.5 ng/mL, and BCR-free survival (BCRFS). RESULTS Median follow-up was 72.3 months. Median nPSA was 0.01 ng/mL for 38/4, and 0.17-0.20 ng/mL for 5-fraction regimens (p < 0.0001). The 38/4 cohort demonstrated the steepest PSA decay slope and greater odds of nPSA ≤0.2 ng/mL (both p < 0.0001 vs. all other regimens). BCR occurred in 6.25%, 6.75%, 3.95%, and 8.95% of men treated with 35/5, 36.25/5, 40/5, and 38/4, respectively (p = 0.12), with the highest BCRFS after 40/5 (vs. 35/5 hazard ratio [HR] 0.49, p = 0.026; vs. 36.25/5 HR 0.42, p = 0.0005; vs. 38/4 HR 0.55, p = 0.037) including the entirety of follow-up, but not for 5-year BCRFS (≥93% for all regimens, p ≥ 0.21). CONCLUSION Dose-escalation was associated with greater prostate ablation and PSA decay. Dose-escalation to 40/5, but not beyond, was associated with improved BCRFS. Biochemical control remains excellent, and prospective studies will provide clarity on the benefit of dose-escalation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Naomi Y Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- UCLA Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, USA
| | - Shrinivasa K Upadhyaya
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Sean P Collins
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, USA
| | - Simeng Suy
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, USA
| | - Nima Aghdam
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, USA
| | | | - Alan J Katz
- FROS Radiation Oncology and CyberKnife Center, Flushing, USA
| | - Leszek Miszczyk
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Napieralska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Poland
| | | | - Nicholas Prionas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, USA
| | - Hilary Bagshaw
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University Medical Center, USA
| | | | - Minsong Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Nzhde Agazaryan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Audrey Dang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tulane Medical Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Patrick A Kupelian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Nicholas G Zaorsky
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, USA
| | - Daniel E Spratt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Osama Mohamad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Arun U Kishan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jesus Juarez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - David Shabsovich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Tommy Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sartajdeep Kahlon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ankur Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jay Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Nicholas G Nickols
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, West Los Angeles Veterans Health Administration, USA
| | - Michael L Steinberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Amar U Kishan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Symons JE, Hawkins DA, Fyhrie DP, Upadhyaya SK, Stover SM. Modelling the effect of race surface and racehorse limb parameters on in silico fetlock motion and propensity for injury. Equine Vet J 2017; 49:681-687. [PMID: 28128865 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metacarpophalangeal joint (fetlock) is the most commonly affected site of racehorse injury, with multiple observed pathologies consistent with extreme fetlock dorsiflexion. Race surface mechanics affect musculoskeletal structure loading and injury risk because surface forces applied to the hoof affect limb motions. Race surface mechanics are a function of controllable factors. Thus, race surface design has the potential to reduce the incidence of musculoskeletal injury through modulation of limb motions. However, the relationship between race surface mechanics and racehorse limb motions is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of changing race surface and racehorse limb model parameters on distal limb motions. STUDY DESIGN Sensitivity analysis of in silico fetlock motion to changes in race surface and racehorse limb parameters using a validated, integrated racehorse and race surface computational model. METHODS Fetlock motions were determined during gallop stance from simulations on virtual surfaces with differing average vertical stiffness, upper layer (e.g. cushion) depth and linear stiffness, horizontal friction, tendon and ligament mechanics, as well as fetlock position at heel strike. RESULTS Upper layer depth produced the greatest change in fetlock motion, with lesser depths yielding greater fetlock dorsiflexion. Lesser fetlock changes were observed for changes in lower layer (e.g. base or pad) mechanics (nonlinear), as well as palmar ligament and tendon stiffness. Horizontal friction and fetlock position contributed less than 1° change in fetlock motion. MAIN LIMITATIONS Simulated fetlock motions are specific to one horse's anatomy reflected in the computational model. Anatomical differences among horses may affect the magnitude of limb flexion, but will likely have similar limb motion responses to varied surface mechanics. CONCLUSIONS Race surface parameters affected by maintenance produced greater changes in fetlock motion than other parameters studied. Simulations can provide evidence to inform race surface design and management to reduce the incidence of injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Symons
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California - Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - D A Hawkins
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - D P Fyhrie
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California - Davis Medical Center Sacramento, Davis, California, USA
| | - S K Upadhyaya
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - S M Stover
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California - Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sakai K, Upadhyaya SK, Andrade-Sanchez P, Sviridova NV. Chaos emerging in soil failure patterns observed during tillage: Normalized deterministic nonlinear prediction (NDNP) and its application. Chaos 2017; 27:033115. [PMID: 28364766 DOI: 10.1063/1.4978027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Real-world processes are often combinations of deterministic and stochastic processes. Soil failure observed during farm tillage is one example of this phenomenon. In this paper, we investigated the nonlinear features of soil failure patterns in a farm tillage process. We demonstrate emerging determinism in soil failure patterns from stochastic processes under specific soil conditions. We normalized the deterministic nonlinear prediction considering autocorrelation and propose it as a robust way of extracting a nonlinear dynamical system from noise contaminated motion. Soil is a typical granular material. The results obtained here are expected to be applicable to granular materials in general. From a global scale to nano scale, the granular material is featured in seismology, geotechnology, soil mechanics, and particle technology. The results and discussions presented here are applicable in these wide research areas. The proposed method and our findings are useful with respect to the application of nonlinear dynamics to investigate complex motions generated from granular materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Sakai
- Department of Environmental and Agricultural Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shrinivasa K Upadhyaya
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Pedro Andrade-Sanchez
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0038, USA
| | - Nina V Sviridova
- Computing Center, Far East Branch Russian Academy of Science, 65, Kim-Yu-Chen, Khabarovsk 680000, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kishan AU, Wang PC, Upadhyaya SK, Hauswald H, Demanes DJ, Nickols NG, Kamrava M, Sadeghi A, Kupelian PA, Steinberg ML, Prionas ND, Buyyounouski MK, King CR. SBRT and HDR brachytherapy produce lower PSA nadirs and different PSA decay patterns than conventionally fractionated IMRT in patients with low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Pract Radiat Oncol 2016; 6:268-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
6
|
Symons JE, Hawkins DA, Fyhrie DP, Upadhyaya SK, Stover SM. Hitting the ground running: Evaluating an integrated racehorse limb and race surface computational model. J Biomech 2016; 49:1711-1717. [PMID: 27086114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Race surface mechanics contribute to musculoskeletal injury in racehorses. These mechanics affect ground reaction forces applied to the hoof, and thus limb motions during stance that can contribute to musculoskeletal pathologies. Race surface design has been largely empirical within the industry, with little uniform consensus for injury prevention and performance. Furthermore, race surface installations are too expensive to install experimentally. The objective of this research was to develop and evaluate an integrated racehorse limb and race surface computational model. Combined forward/inverse dynamic simulations of distal leading forelimb motions of a galloping horse during stance were compared to 2D distal leading forelimb kinematics of actual galloping racehorses on race surfaces with measured mechanics. Model predicted angular and translational kinematic profiles had similar qualitative shapes as experimental data, with comparable peak magnitudes. Model predictions of peak metacarpophalangeal position and timing were within 11° and 8ms of mean experimental data. The model overestimated peak fetlock angular velocity on consolidated surfaces (up to 1390°/s), and hoof displacements (up to 4cm) during stance. The model's ability to produce comparable qualitative kinematic profiles to experimental data and biologically reasonable fetlock and hoof motions support the future use of this model to explore the effect of race surface parameters on increasing or decreasing distal limb motions and provide supportive evidence for potential mechanisms of injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Symons
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California - Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David A Hawkins
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David P Fyhrie
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California - Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Shrinivasa K Upadhyaya
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Stover
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California - Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Symons JE, Fyhrie DP, Hawkins DA, Upadhyaya SK, Stover SM. Modeling equine race surface vertical mechanical behaviors in a musculoskeletal modeling environment. J Biomech 2015; 48:566-572. [PMID: 25634662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Race surfaces have been associated with the incidence of racehorse musculoskeletal injury, the leading cause of racehorse attrition. Optimal race surface mechanical behaviors that minimize injury risk are unknown. Computational models are an economical method to determine optimal mechanical behaviors. Previously developed equine musculoskeletal models utilized ground reaction floor models designed to simulate a stiff, smooth floor appropriate for a human gait laboratory. Our objective was to develop a computational race surface model (two force-displacement functions, one linear and one nonlinear) that reproduced experimental race surface mechanical behaviors for incorporation in equine musculoskeletal models. Soil impact tests were simulated in a musculoskeletal modeling environment and compared to experimental force and displacement data collected during initial and repeat impacts at two racetracks with differing race surfaces - (i) dirt and (ii) synthetic. Best-fit model coefficients (7 total) were compared between surface types and initial and repeat impacts using a mixed model ANCOVA. Model simulation results closely matched empirical force, displacement and velocity data (Mean R(2)=0.930-0.997). Many model coefficients were statistically different between surface types and impacts. Principal component analysis of model coefficients showed systematic differences based on surface type and impact. In the future, the race surface model may be used in conjunction with previously developed the equine musculoskeletal models to understand the effects of race surface mechanical behaviors on limb dynamics, and determine race surface mechanical behaviors that reduce the incidence of racehorse musculoskeletal injury through modulation of limb dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Symons
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California - Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David P Fyhrie
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California - Davis Medical Center Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - David A Hawkins
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Shrinivasa K Upadhyaya
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Stover
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California - Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Setterbo JJ, Fyhrie PB, Hubbard M, Upadhyaya SK, Stover SM. Dynamic properties of a dirt and a synthetic equine racetrack surface measured by a track-testing device. Equine Vet J 2012; 45:25-30. [PMID: 22587378 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00582.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J J Setterbo
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Simmons CW, VanderGheynst JS, Upadhyaya SK. A model of Agrobacterium tumefaciens vacuum infiltration into harvested leaf tissue and subsequent in planta transgene transient expression. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 102:965-70. [PMID: 18819157 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer, or agroinfiltration, can be a highly efficient method for transforming and inducing transient transgene expression in plant tissue. The technique uses the innate DNA secretion pathway of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to vector a particular plasmid-encoded segment of DNA from the bacteria to plant cells. Vacuum is often applied to plant tissue submerged in a suspension of A. tumefaciens to improve agroinfiltration. However, the effects of vacuum application on agroinfiltration and in planta transient transgene expression have not been well quantified. Here we show that vacuum application and release act to drive A. tumefaciens suspension into the interior of leaf tissue. Moreover, the amount of suspension that enters leaves can be predicted based on the vacuum intensity and duration. Furthermore, we show that transient expression levels of an agroinfiltrated reporter gene vary in response to the amount of A. tumefaciens vacuum infiltrated into leaf tissue, suggesting that vacuum infiltration conditions can be tailored to achieve optimal transient transgene expression levels after agroinfiltration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Simmons
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Upadhyaya SK, Kumar A. Pulmonary hypertension in connective tissue disease. Indian Journal of Rheumatology 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0973-3698(10)60095-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
11
|
Chandran V, Upadhyaya SK, Haroon N, Aggarwal A, Misra R. P3 Lack of clinical association with antibodies to ribosomal P proteins in Indian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Indian Journal of Rheumatology 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0973-3698(10)60232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
|
12
|
Kashyap MK, Kumar A, Emelianenko N, Kashyap A, Kaushik R, Huang R, Khullar M, Sharma SK, Singh SK, Bhargave AK, Upadhyaya SK. Biochemical and molecular markers in renal cell carcinoma: an update and future prospects. Biomarkers 2005; 10:258-94. [PMID: 16191485 DOI: 10.1080/13547500500218534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a big problem in the developed world as well as in developing countries. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of adult malignancies and 90-95% of neoplasms arising from the kidney. RCC is more common in men than in women (2:1), and it most often occurs in patients between the ages of 50-70 years. In all cancers the cancerous cells release particular kind of proteins (called tumour markers) and blood tests are used to detect the presence of these markers. These tumour markers nowadays are an area of interest for oncologists who search for a possible solution in the detection and treatment of RCC. Different kinds of biochemical and molecular markers such as ferritin, MN/CA9, apoptotic index, p53, IL-2, gamma-enolase, CD44, CD95, chromosome instability and loss of heterozygosity have been tested in RCC, but so far no marker fulfils one or the other criteria to be considered as an ideal marker for RCC. This review gives basic and updated information about the different kinds of biomarkers studied in RCC and about the role implementation of genomics and proteomics in RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M K Kashyap
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61802, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Upadhyaya JS, Singh B, Upadhyaya SK. TLC separation of potential antifertility agents: N-aryl-N'-2(p-methoxy benzoylbenzofuranyl)thiosemicarbazones. Anal Bioanal Chem 2002; 285:270. [PMID: 12335120 DOI: 10.1007/bf00453591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
14
|
Upadhyaya JS, Upadhyaya SK. Thin-layer chromatographic separation of the potential antituberculous agents N-aryl-N'-p-methylbenzenesulphonyl thiosemicarbazides. J Chromatogr A 1978; 152:595-6. [PMID: 659550 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)85108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|