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Norris R, Morrison S, Price A, Pulford S, Meira E, O'Neill S, Williams H, Maddox TW, Carter P, Oldershaw RA. Inline dynamometry provides reliable measurements of quadriceps strength in healthy and ACL-reconstructed individuals and is a valid substitute for isometric electromechanical dynamometry following ACL reconstruction. Knee 2024; 46:136-147. [PMID: 38142660 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quadriceps strength testing is recommended to guide rehabilitation and mitigate the risk of second injury following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Hand-held dynamometry is a practical alternative to electromechanical dynamometry but demonstrates insufficient reliability and criterion validity in healthy and ACL-reconstructed participants respectively. The purpose of this study is to investigate the reliability and concurrent validity of inline dynamometry for measuring quadriceps strength. The hypotheses are that intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) values will be >0.90 for reliability and concurrent validity. METHODS This was a cross sectional study using a within-participant, repeated measures design. Isometric quadriceps testing was performed at 60° knee flexion in 50 healthy and 52 ACL-reconstructed participants. Interrater reliability, intrarater reliability, and concurrent validity of inline dynamometry was investigated through calculation of ICCs, Bland-Altman analysis, linear regression, standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC). RESULTS The lower bounds of the 95% confidence intervals were >0.90 for all reliability and validity ICCs in healthy and ACL-reconstructed participants, except for intrarater reliability in healthy participants using absolute scores (ICC = 0.936 [95% CI 0.890-0.963]). In ACL-reconstructed participants, Bland-Altman bias was 0.01 Nm/kg for absolute and average scores, limits of agreement were -11.74% to 12.59% for absolute scores, the SEM was 0.13Nm/kg (95% CI 0.10-0.17) and the MDC was 0.36Nm/kg (95% CI 0.28 - 0.47). CONCLUSION Inline dynamometry is a reliable and economical alternative to electromechanical dynamometry for the assessment of quadriceps strength following ACL-reconstruction. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05109871).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Norris
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, Fazakerley, Liverpool L9 7AL, United Kingdom; Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom.
| | - Scot Morrison
- Physio Praxis PLLC, University Place, WA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Piazzale Ludovico Antonio Scuro 10, 37124 Verona, Italy
| | - Alan Price
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, Fazakerley, Liverpool L9 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Sian Pulford
- Department of Medical Therapy and Support Services, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital NHS Trust, Thomas Dr, Liverpool L14 3LB, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Meira
- Physical Therapy Science Communication Group, Happy Valley, Oregon, USA
| | - Seth O'Neill
- School of Healthcare, Life Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Huw Williams
- Department of Medical Therapy and Support Services, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital NHS Trust, Thomas Dr, Liverpool L14 3LB, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas W Maddox
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom; Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Carter
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Lower Lane, Fazakerley, Liverpool L9 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel A Oldershaw
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Sciences, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom; MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing (CIMA), Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom
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Iyer KV, Pulford S, Mogilner A, Shivashankar GV. Mechanical activation of cells induces chromatin remodeling preceding MKL nuclear transport. Biophys J 2012; 103:1416-28. [PMID: 23062334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
For cells to adapt to different tissues and changes in tissue mechanics, they must be able to respond to mechanical cues by changing their gene expression patterns. Biochemical signaling pathways for these responses have been elucidated, and recent evidence points to the involvement of force-induced deformation of the nucleus. However, it is still unclear how physical cues received at the plasma membrane (PM) spatiotemporally integrate to the functional chromatin organization of the cell nucleus. To investigate this issue, we applied mechanical forces through magnetic particles adhered to the PM of single cells and mapped the accompanying changes in actin polymerization, nuclear morphology, chromatin remodeling, and nuclear transport of soluble signaling intermediates using high-resolution fluorescence anisotropy imaging. Using this approach, we show the timescales associated with force-induced polymerization of actin and changes in the F/G actin ratio resulting in nuclear translocation of the G-actin-associated transcriptional cofactor, megakaryoblastic acute leukemia factor-1 (MKL). Further, this method of measuring nuclear organization at high spatiotemporal resolution with simultaneous force application revealed the physical propagation of forces to the nucleus, resulting in changes to chromatin organization, followed by nuclear deformation. We also describe a quantitative model that incorporates active stresses and chemical kinetics to evaluate the observed timescales. Our work suggests that mechanical activation of cells is accompanied by distinct timescales involved in the reorganization of actin and chromatin assembly, followed by translocation of transcription cofactors from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Venkatesan Iyer
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Inana G, Chambers C, Hotta Y, Inouye L, Filpula D, Pulford S, Shiono T. Point mutation affecting processing of the ornithine aminotransferase precursor protein in gyrate atrophy. J Biol Chem 1989; 264:17432-6. [PMID: 2793865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A generalized deficiency of the mitochondrial enzyme, ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) is the inborn error in gyrate atrophy, an autosomal recessive degenerative disease of the choroid and retina of the eye that leads to blindness. Southern analysis, using the OAT cDNA probe, of the OAT gene in a gyrate atrophy patient whose level of OAT protein is markedly decreased indicated the functional gene to be grossly intact. Northern analysis of his OAT mRNA demonstrated only half the normal level of OAT message, suggesting expression of only one of the two alleles of the OAT gene. A functional assay of the expressed OAT mRNA by in vitro translation and immunoprecipitation with anti-human OAT antibody indicated synthesis of an OAT protein from the message. The expressed message was cloned and sequenced and was shown to contain a single base change from C to T, resulting in an amino acid codon change from CAT (histidine) to TAT (tyrosine) at position 319 in the translated OAT protein. The mutant and normal OAT precursors were synthesized using transcriptional expression clones of OAT and in vitro translation of the expressed mRNA and tested in an in vitro mitochondrial transport/processing system. The results indicate that the mutant OAT precursor from the gyrate atrophy patient can be transported to the mitochondria but is minimally processed there, which would lead to degradation of the labile precursor and loss of OAT activity as phenotypically observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Inana
- National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Lombardi S, Seidell H, Pulford S, Dutton W, Parekh S. Computer programs in nucleic acid synthesis: synthetic strategy development using solid-phase chemical techniques with data storage, retrieval and analysis capabilities. Nucleic Acids Res 1984; 12:2581-91. [PMID: 6546795 PMCID: PMC318687 DOI: 10.1093/nar/12.5.2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A computer program has been designed to aid development of synthetic strategies for oligonucleotides produced by solid-phase chemical techniques. The program reduces the time required to develop a strategy and a data file from hours to minutes. The program contains inventories, provides cost analyses, and generates and stores other associated data. The program searches an inventory of sequences for that sequence to avoid duplicate synthesis. If the sequence is not in the inventory the program devises a synthetic strategy, calculates the amounts of reagents and labor costs necessary to complete the synthetic oligonucleotide. The program also deducts the reagents from inventory files. Physical data is also calculated. A file is generated in a sequence inventory for storage of the data as well as other data that will be generated during the purification processes. All variable parameters can be easily edited. The programs were designed to provide a cross-referencing feature for data analysis and can use several parameters as a constant.
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Lombardi S, Seidell H, Pulford S, Dutton W, Parekh S. Computer programs in nucleic acid synthesis: synthetic strategy development using solid-phase chemical techniques with data storage, retrieval and analysis capabilities. Nucleic Acids Res 1984; 12:437-46. [PMID: 6546427 PMCID: PMC321060 DOI: 10.1093/nar/12.1part2.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A computer program has been designed to aid development of synthetic strategies for oligonucleotides produced by solid-phase chemical techniques. The program reduces the time required to develop a strategy and a data file from hours to minutes. The program contains inventories, provides cost analyses, and generates and stores other associated data. The program searches an inventory of sequences for that sequence to avoid duplicate synthesis. If the sequence is not in the inventory the program devises a synthetic strategy, calculates the amounts of reagents and labor costs necessary to complete the synthetic oligonucleotide. The program also deducts the reagents from inventory files. Physical data is also calculated. A file is generated in a sequence inventory for storage of the data as well as other data that will be generated during the purification processes. All variable parameters can be easily edited. The programs were designed to provide a cross-referencing feature for data analysis and can use several parameters as a constant.
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