Patil VS, Sutar KP, Pockle RD, Usulkar S, Jadhav VA. Formulation, optimization and evaluation of amisulpride-loaded niosomal intranasal gel for brain targeting.
Ther Deliv 2023;
14:635-647. [PMID:
38050965 DOI:
10.4155/tde-2023-0059]
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Abstract
Aim: To develop stable non-ionic surfactant vesicles containing amisulpride (AMS) to improve brain uptake via nose to brain mechanism. Methods: Niosomes were developed using a modified ethanol injection technique, optimized using 32 factorial design and evaluated for the vesicle size (VS), percent encapsulation efficiency (EE), zeta potential (ZP) and % cumulative drug release (%CDR). Results: Optimized niosomes (Span-60: cholesterol ratio 0:1) showed 191.4 nm VS, 84.25% EE, -38.2 ZP and 81.31% CDR. In situ gel with these niosomes displayed 78% CDR. TEM analysis revealed spherical niosomes. Pharmacokinetic and brain tissue distribution studies in rats showed enhanced plasma and brain concentrations, indicating successful brain targeting. Conclusion: This strategy demonstrates improved AMS permeation via the nasal cavity, enhancing bioavailability for treating schizophrenia.
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