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Pale S, Neteydji S, Taiwe GS, Kouemou Emegam N, Bum EN. Anticonvulsant effects of Cymbopogon giganteus extracts with possible effects on fully kindled seizures and anxiety in experimental rodent model of mesio-temporal epilepsy induced by pilocarpine. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 286:114863. [PMID: 34838617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Epilepsy is a neurological disorder of the brain characterized by periodic and unpredictable occurrence of a transient behavior alteration due to the rhythmic, synchronous and disordered firing of brain neuron. Worldwide, approximately 50 million people currently live with epilepsy and close to 80% of people with epilepsy live in poor countries. However, it was noticed in many countries worldwide that people with epilepsy and their families suffer from stigma and discrimination and that situation exposes them to high psychological conditions such as depression and anxiety as well as more physical problems including bruising and fractures from injuries related to seizures. However, several plants-based products used for epilepsy and anxiety treatments in different system of folk medicine have exhibited a significant anti-epileptic and antianxiety activities using animal models with fewer side effects. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed at evaluating the antiepileptic, status post-epilepticus and anxiolytic effects of Cymbopogon giganteus decoction in rat model induced by pilocarpine. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 90 rats were partitioned into 7 groups and treated as follow: animals of groups I (normal control) and II (considered the negative control) received distilled water (10 mL/kg); while groups III, IV, V, and VI were treated with the C. giganteus extract at 34, 85, 170 and 340 mg/kg p.o, respectively; and the group VII (considered positive control) received sodium valproate at 300 mg/kg, i.p. After 40 min post-treatment, a single dose of n-methyl-scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p) was administered to animals of groups (II, III, IV, V, VI, VII) followed by pilocarpine (360 mg/kg, i.p). Animal of group I (normal group) received distilled water. Rats were further observed for 6 h to evaluate the severity and the duration of the acute seizures of epilepsy according to Racine scale. Anxious behavior status post-epilepticus was also assessed in the same rats used above in the Elevated Plus Maze and number of entries into the open or closed arms and the time spent on either open or closed arms of the platform were recorded. Animals were also evaluated on Open Field Test and the number of rearing, crossing, grooming, defecation and center time were registered. RESULTS C. giganteus decoction significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the animal mortality, the number and duration of convulsions and effectively increased the latency of convulsions. The plant extract significantly (P < 0.05) improved GSH level and SOD activity, reduced MDA and CAT activity, increased GABA level and decreased GABA-t activity in hippocampus. The anxiety induced by pilocarpine was also significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited by the extract of the plant. CONCLUSIONS Thus, C. giganteus has demonstrated its antiepileptic and anxiolytic activities in rat model and may be used as preventive measure for patients suffering from epilepsy seizures and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pale
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Cameroon.
| | - Sidiki Neteydji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Germain Sotoing Taiwe
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Cameroon
| | - Nadège Kouemou Emegam
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Cameroon
| | - Elisabeth Ngo Bum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, Cameroon
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Moto FCO, Arsa’a A, Ngoupaye GT, Taiwe GS, Njapdounke JSK, Kandeda AK, Nkantchoua GCN, Omam Omam JP, Pale S, Kouemou NE, Ayissi Mbomo ER, Pahaye DB, Ojong L, Mairara V, Ngo Bum E. Anxiolytic and Antiepileptic Properties of the Aqueous Extract of Cissus quadrangularis (Vitaceae) in Mice Pilocarpine Model of Epilepsy. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:751. [PMID: 30065650 PMCID: PMC6056655 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cissus quadrangularis (C. quadrangularis) is a plant of the Vitaceae family known for its anticonvulsant effects in traditional medicine. The objective of this study was to elucidate the anxiolytic and antiepileptic effects of aqueous extract of C. quadrangularis. The mice were divided into different groups and treated for seven consecutive days as follows: a negative control group that received distilled water, po, four test groups that received four doses of the plant (37.22, 93.05, 186.11, and 372.21 mg/kg, po), and a positive control group that received sodium valproate (300 mg/kg, ip). One hour after the first treatment (first day), epilepsy was induced by intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of pilocarpine (360 mg/kg). On the seventh day, the anxiolytic effects of the extract were evaluated in the epileptic mice using the elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OP) paradigms. Antioxidant activities and the involvement of gabaergic neurotransmission were determined by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione (GSH), GABA, and GABA-transaminase (GABA-T) in the hippocampus of sacrificed epileptic mice. The results show that the extract of C. quadrangularis significantly and dose-dependently increased the latency to clonic and generalized tonic-clonic seizures and decreased the number and duration of seizures. In the EPM, the extract of C. quadrangularis significantly increased the number of entries and the time spent into the open arms and reduced the number of entries and the time spent into the closed arms as well as the number of rearing. The extract of C. quadrangularis also increased the number of crossing, and the time spent in the center of the OP. The level of MDA and the activity of GABA-T were significantly decreased by the extract of C. quadrangularis while reduced GSH and GABA levels were increased. The results suggest that the anticonvulsant activities of C. quadrangularis are accompanied by its anxiolytics effects. These effects may be supported by its antioxidant properties and mediated at least in part by the GABA neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur C. O. Moto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Aren Arsa’a
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Gwladys T. Ngoupaye
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Germain S. Taiwe
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | - Antoine K. Kandeda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Gisele C. N. Nkantchoua
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Jean P. Omam Omam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Simon Pale
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Nadege E. Kouemou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Espoir R. Ayissi Mbomo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - David B. Pahaye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Lucie Ojong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
- Center of Medical Research, Institute of Medical Research and Studies on Medicinal Plants, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Veronique Mairara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Elisabeth Ngo Bum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Mines and Petroleum Industries, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
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Kouémou NE, Taiwe GS, Moto FCO, Pale S, Ngoupaye GT, Njapdounke JSK, Nkantchoua GCN, Pahaye DB, Bum EN. Nootropic and Neuroprotective Effects of Dichrocephala integrifolia on Scopolamine Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:847. [PMID: 29209218 PMCID: PMC5702348 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease the most common form of dementia in the elderly is a neurodegenerative disease that affects 44 millions of people worldwide. The first treatments against Alzheimer’s disease are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors; however, these medications are associated with many side effects. Dichrocephala integrifolia is a traditional herb widely used by indigenous population of Cameroon to treat and prevent Alzheimer’s disease and for memory improvement. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the decoction prepared from leaves of D. integrifolia, on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. Seven groups of six animals were used. The first two groups received distilled water for the distilled water and scopolamine groups. The four test groups received one of the four doses of the decoction of the plant (35, 87.5, 175 or 350 mg/kg p.o.) and the positive control group received tacrine (10 mg/kg), a cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, during 10 consecutive days. Scopolamine (1 mg/kg), a cholinergic receptor blocker, administered 30 min after treatments, was used to induce memory impairment to all groups except the distilled water group on day 10 of drug treatment. The behavioral paradigms used to evaluate the effects of the treatment were the elevated plus maze for learning and memory, Y maze for spatial short-term memory, the novel object recognition for recognition memory and Morris water maze for the evaluation of spatial long-term memory. After behavioral tests, animals were sacrificed and brains of a subset were used for the assessment of some biomarkers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione levels) and for the evaluation of the acetylcholinesterase activity. From the remaining subset brains, histopathological analysis was performed. The results of this study showed that, D. integrifolia at the doses of 87.5 and 350 mg/kg significantly (p < 0.01) improved spatial short-term and long-term memory, by increasing the percentage of spontaneous alternation in the Y maze and reducing the escape latency in the Morris water maze. Furthermore, the results of histopathological evaluation showed that D. integrifolia attenuated the neuronal death in the hippocampus induced by scopolamine. The main finding of this work is that D. integrifolia improves learning capacities and counteracts the memory impairment induced by scopolamine. Thus, D. integrifolia can be a promising plant resource for the management of Alzheimer’s disease and memory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège E Kouémou
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Germain S Taiwe
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Fleur C O Moto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Simon Pale
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Gwladys T Ngoupaye
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Jacqueline S K Njapdounke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Gisèle C N Nkantchoua
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - David B Pahaye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
| | - Elisabeth Ngo Bum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroon.,Institute of Mines and Petroleum Industries of Maroua, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
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Kandeda AK, Taiwe GS, Moto FCO, Ngoupaye GT, Nkantchoua GCN, Njapdounke JSK, Omam JPO, Pale S, Kouemou N, Ngo Bum E. Antiepileptogenic and Neuroprotective Effects of Pergularia daemia on Pilocarpine Model of Epilepsy. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:440. [PMID: 28713279 PMCID: PMC5492699 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated antiepileptogenic and neuroprotective effects of the aqueous extract of Pergularia daemia roots (PDR) using in vivo and in vitro experimental models. In in vivo studies, status epilepticus caused by pilocarpine injection triggers epileptogenesis which evolves during about 1–2 weeks. After 2 h of status epilepticus, mice were treated during the epileptogenesis period for 7 days with sodium valproate and vitamin C (standards which demonstrated to alter epileptogenesis), or Pergularia daemia. The animals were then, 1 week after status epilepticus, challenged with acute pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) administration to test behaviorally the susceptibility to a convulsant agent of animals treated or not with the plan extract. Memory was assessed after PTZ administration in the elevated plus maze and T-maze paradigms at 24 and 48 h. Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase activities were determined in the hippocampus after sacrifice, in vitro studies were conducted using embryonic rat primary cortical cultures exposed to L-glutamate. Cell survival rate was measured and apoptotic and necrotic cell death determined. The results showed that chronic oral administration of PDR significantly and dose-dependently increased the latency to myoclonic jerks, clonic seizures and generalized tonic–clonic seizures, and the seizure score. In addition, PDR at all doses (from 4.9 to 49 mg/kg) significantly decreased the initial and retention transfer latencies in the elevated plus maze. Interestingly PDR at the same doses significantly increased the time spent and the number of entries in T-maze novel arm. PDR significantly increased the activities of acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and total glutathione and proteins, and decreased malondialdehyde level. Furthermore, PDR increased viability rate of primary cortical neurons after L-glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, in a dose dependent manner. Altogether these results suggest that PDR has antiepileptogenic and neuroprotective effects, which could be mediated by antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine K Kandeda
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé IYaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of NgaoundereNgaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Germain S Taiwe
- Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of BueaBuea, Cameroon
| | - Fleur C O Moto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaounde IYaounde, Cameroon
| | - Gwladys T Ngoupaye
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of DschangDschang, Cameroon
| | - Gisele C N Nkantchoua
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of NgaoundereNgaoundere, Cameroon
| | | | - Jean P O Omam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of NgaoundereNgaoundere, Cameroon.,Department of Biological Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Yaounde IYaounde, Cameroon
| | - Simon Pale
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of NgaoundereNgaoundere, Cameroon.,Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of BueaBuea, Cameroon
| | - Nadege Kouemou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of NgaoundereNgaoundere, Cameroon.,Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of BueaBuea, Cameroon
| | - Elisabeth Ngo Bum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of NgaoundereNgaoundere, Cameroon.,Institute of Mining and Petroleum Industries, University of MarouaKaele, Cameroon
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Taiwe G, Moto F, Pale S, Kandeda A, Dawe A, Kouemou N, Ayissi E, Ngoupaye G, Njapdounke J, Nkantchoua G, Omam J, Pahaye D, Ngo Bum E. Extracts of Feretia apodanthera Del. demonstrated anticonvulsant activities against seizures induced by chemicals and maximal electroshock. Epilepsy Res 2016; 127:30-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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