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Parmigiani G, Barchielli B, Casale S, Mancini T, Ferracuti S. The impact of machine learning in predicting risk of violence: A systematic review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1015914. [PMID: 36532168 PMCID: PMC9751313 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1015914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inpatient violence in clinical and forensic settings is still an ongoing challenge to organizations and practitioners. Existing risk assessment instruments show only moderate benefits in clinical practice, are time consuming, and seem to scarcely generalize across different populations. In the last years, machine learning (ML) models have been applied in the study of risk factors for aggressive episodes. The objective of this systematic review is to investigate the potential of ML for identifying risk of violence in clinical and forensic populations. METHODS Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review on the use of ML techniques in predicting risk of violence of psychiatric patients in clinical and forensic settings was performed. A systematic search was conducted on Medline/Pubmed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus. Risk of bias and applicability assessment was performed using Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST). RESULTS We identified 182 potentially eligible studies from 2,259 records, and 8 papers were included in this systematic review. A wide variability in the experimental settings and characteristics of the enrolled samples emerged across studies, which probably represented the major cause for the absence of shared common predictors of violence found by the models learned. Nonetheless, a general trend toward a better performance of ML methods compared to structured violence risk assessment instruments in predicting risk of violent episodes emerged, with three out of eight studies with an AUC above 0.80. However, because of the varied experimental protocols, and heterogeneity in study populations, caution is needed when trying to quantitatively compare (e.g., in terms of AUC) and derive general conclusions from these approaches. Another limitation is represented by the overall quality of the included studies that suffer from objective limitations, difficult to overcome, such as the common use of retrospective data. CONCLUSION Despite these limitations, ML models represent a promising approach in shedding light on predictive factors of violent episodes in clinical and forensic settings. Further research and more investments are required, preferably in large and prospective groups, to boost the application of ML models in clinical practice. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION [www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42022310410].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benedetta Barchielli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Casale
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Toni Mancini
- Department of Computer Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Ferracuti
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Biondi S, Casale S, Burrai J, Mazza C, Cavaggioni G, Ferracuti S, Giannini AM, Roma P. Personality and Lockdown: A Study on Italian Undergraduates During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:622366. [PMID: 34122161 PMCID: PMC8192707 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.622366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed at increasing our understanding of the psychological impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on undergraduate students, particularly with respect to the association between personality traits; defense mechanisms (DMs); depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms (DASSs); and compliance with the government recommended health measures. A sample of 1,427 Italian undergraduate students were administered the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5-Brief Form; the Defense Style Questionnaire-40; and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21. Compliance with the COVID-19 behavioral recommendations was measured through a 10-item survey measure. Results showed that immature DMs and internalizing personality traits (i.e., detachment, negative affect, psychoticism) were risk factors of DASSs. Furthermore, subjects with higher levels of DASSs appeared less compliant with the health measures recommended by the Italian government. Experts may use these results to identify and subsequently support (via the Internet) young subjects at greater risk of mental health problems as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Biondi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Casale
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica Burrai
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Mazza
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Ferracuti
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Roma
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Conte G, Casale S, Caschera L, Lo Russo FM, Paolella C, Cinnante C, Berardino FD, Zanetti D, Stocchetti D, Scola E, Bassi L, Triulzi F. Assessment of the Membranous Labyrinth in Infants Using a Heavily T2-weighted 3D FLAIR Sequence without Contrast Agent Administration. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:377-381. [PMID: 33509916 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Imaging is fundamental to assessing the acoustic pathway in infants with congenital deafness. We describe our depiction of the membranous labyrinth in infants using the heavily T2-weighted 3D FLAIR sequence without a contrast agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 10 infants (20 ears) (median term equivalent age: 2 weeks; IQR: 1-5 weeks) who had undergone brain MR imaging including a noncontrast heavily T2-weighted 3D FLAIR scan of the temporal bone. For each ear, 3 observers analyzed, in consensus, the saccule, the utricle, and the 3 ampullae, assessing the visibility (score 0, not appreciable; score 1, visible without well-defined boundaries; score 2, visible with well-defined boundaries) and morphology ("expected" or "unexpected" compared with adults). The heavily T2-weighted 3D FLAIR sequence was scored for overall quality (score 0, inadequate; score 1, adequate but with the presence of image degradation; score 2, adequate). RESULTS Six (60%) MR examinations were considered adequate (score 1 or 2). The saccule was visible in 10 ears (83.3%) with an expected morphology in 9 ears (90%). In 1 ear of an infant with congenital deafness, the saccule showed an unexpected morphology. The utricle was visible as expected in 12 ears (100%). The lateral ampulla was visible in 5 ears (41.6%), the superior ampulla was visible in 6 ears (50.0%), and the posterior ampulla was visible in 6 ears (50.0%), always with expected morphology (100%). CONCLUSIONS MR imaging can depict the membranous labyrinth in infants using heavily T2-weighted 3D FLAIR without an injected contrast agent, but the sequence acquisition time reduces its feasibility in infants undergoing MR studies during natural sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Conte
- From the Neuroradiology Unit (G.C., S.C., L.C., F.M.L.R., C.C., D.S., E.S., F.T.)
| | - S Casale
- From the Neuroradiology Unit (G.C., S.C., L.C., F.M.L.R., C.C., D.S., E.S., F.T.)
| | - L Caschera
- From the Neuroradiology Unit (G.C., S.C., L.C., F.M.L.R., C.C., D.S., E.S., F.T.)
| | - F M Lo Russo
- From the Neuroradiology Unit (G.C., S.C., L.C., F.M.L.R., C.C., D.S., E.S., F.T.)
| | - C Paolella
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences (C.P.), University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - C Cinnante
- From the Neuroradiology Unit (G.C., S.C., L.C., F.M.L.R., C.C., D.S., E.S., F.T.)
| | | | | | - D Stocchetti
- From the Neuroradiology Unit (G.C., S.C., L.C., F.M.L.R., C.C., D.S., E.S., F.T.)
| | - E Scola
- From the Neuroradiology Unit (G.C., S.C., L.C., F.M.L.R., C.C., D.S., E.S., F.T.)
| | - L Bassi
- NICU (L.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F Triulzi
- From the Neuroradiology Unit (G.C., S.C., L.C., F.M.L.R., C.C., D.S., E.S., F.T.).,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (F.T.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Zaki A, Wastiaux M, Casale S, Mussi A, Dhenin JF, Lancelot C, Dacquin JP, Granger P. Nano-engineered hierarchical porous silicas for enhanced catalytic efficiency in the liquid phase. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy00726h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
By tailoring the pore properties (size, morphology and orientation) of hierarchical catalysts, we show experimentally the importance of active phase accessibility on catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Zaki
- Univ. Lille
- CNRS
- Centrale Lille
- ENSCL
- Univ. Artois
| | - M. Wastiaux
- Univ. Lille
- CNRS
- Centrale Lille
- ENSCL
- Univ. Artois
| | - S. Casale
- Univ Pierre et Marie Curie
- CNRS
- UMR 7197-LRS-Laboratoire de Réactivité et Surface
- Paris
- France
| | - A. Mussi
- Univ Lille
- CNRS
- UMR8207-UMET-Unité Matériaux et Transformations
- F-59000 Lille
- France
| | - J. F. Dhenin
- Univ Lille
- CNRS
- UMR8207-UMET-Unité Matériaux et Transformations
- F-59000 Lille
- France
| | - C. Lancelot
- Univ. Lille
- CNRS
- Centrale Lille
- ENSCL
- Univ. Artois
| | | | - P. Granger
- Univ. Lille
- CNRS
- Centrale Lille
- ENSCL
- Univ. Artois
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Jabbour K, El Hassan N, Davidson A, Casale S, Massiani P. Factors affecting the long-term stability of mesoporous nickel-based catalysts in combined steam and dry reforming of methane. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00032k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Direct “one-pot” synthesis is highly efficient to obtain performing mesoporous Ni–Al2O3catalysts able to resist deactivation by sintering and coke deposition during CH4reforming by CO2and H2O to produce “metgas”.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Jabbour
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Balamand
- Tripoli
- Lebanon
| | - N. El Hassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Balamand
- Tripoli
- Lebanon
| | - A. Davidson
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Université Paris 06
- 75005 Paris
- France
| | - S. Casale
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Université Paris 06
- 75005 Paris
- France
| | - P. Massiani
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Université Paris 06
- 75005 Paris
- France
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Legrand A, Moissette A, Hureau M, Casale S, Massiani P, Vezin H, Mamede AS, Batonneau-Gener I. Electron transfers in a TiO2-containing MOR zeolite: synthesis of the nanoassemblies and application using a probe chromophore molecule. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 16:13145-55. [PMID: 24866869 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01543f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New assemblies constituted by a microporous matrix of mordenite (MOR) zeolite on which TiO2 nanoclusters are deposited were synthesized using ionic oxalate complexes and TiCl3 titanium precursors. The samples were used to investigate the transfer of electrons produced by spontaneous or photo-induced ionization of a guest molecule (t-stilbene, t-St) occluded in the porous volume towards the conduction band of a conductive material placed nearby, in the pores or at least close to their entrance. The reaction mechanisms were compared in these Ti-rich solids and in a Ti-free mordenite sample. The characterization by XRD, N2 physisorption, TEM, XPS and DRIFT spectroscopy of the supramolecular TiO2/MOR systems before t-St adsorption showed the preservation of the crystalline structure after Ti addition and thermal activation treatments. They also revealed that titanium is mainly located at the external surface of the zeolite grains, in the form of highly dispersed and/or aggregated anatase. After incorporation of the guest molecule in the new assemblies, diffuse reflectance UV-visible and EPR spectroscopies indicate that the electron transfer processes are similar with and without TiO2 but strongly stabilized t-St˙(+) radicals are detected in the TiO2-MOR samples whereas such species were never detected earlier in TiO2-free mordenite using these techniques. The stabilization process is found to be more efficient in the sample prepared with TiCl3 as the precursor than with titanium oxalates. It is proposed that the proximity of TiO2 with the formed t-St˙(+) radicals provokes the stabilization of the radical through capture of the ejected electron by the semi-conductor and that confinement effects can also play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Legrand
- LASIR, UMR 8516, Université Lille 1, Bât C8, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France.
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Caillard L, Sattayaporn S, Lamic-Humblot AF, Casale S, Campbell P, Chabal YJ, Pluchery O. Controlling the reproducibility of Coulomb blockade phenomena for gold nanoparticles on an organic monolayer/silicon system. Nanotechnology 2015; 26:065301. [PMID: 25611611 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/6/065301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two types of highly ordered organic layers were prepared on silicon modified with an amine termination for binding gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). These two grafted organic monolayers (GOMs), consisting of alkyl chains with seven or 11 carbon atoms, were grafted on oxide-free Si(111) surfaces as tunnel barriers between the silicon electrode and the AuNPs. Three kinds of colloidal AuNPs were prepared by reducing HAuCl4 with three different reactants: citrate (Turkevich synthesis, diameter ∼16 nm), ascorbic acid (diameter ∼9 nm), or NaBH4 (Natan synthesis, diameter ∼7 nm). Scanning tunnel spectroscopy (STS) was performed in a UHV STM at 40 K, and Coulomb blockade behaviour was observed. The reproducibility of the Coulomb behavior was analysed as a function of several chemical and physical parameters: size, crystallinity of the AuNPs, influence of surrounding surfactant molecules, and quality of the GOM/Si interface (degree of oxidation after the full processing). Samples were characterized with scanning tunneling microscope, STS, atomic force microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and high resolution transmission electronic microscope. We show that the reproducibility in observing Coulomb behavior can be as high as ∼80% with the Natan synthesis of AuNPs and GOMs with short alkyl chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Caillard
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR CNRS 7588, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. Laboratory for Surface and Nanostructure Modifications, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Dallas, Texas 7508, USA
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Faravelli C, Fioravanti G, Casale S, Paciello D, Miraglia Raineri A, Fei L, Amunni G, Rotella F. Early life events and gynaecological cancer: a pilot study. Psychother Psychosom 2012; 81:56-7. [PMID: 22123202 DOI: 10.1159/000329176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mora E, Mora R, Passali GC, Chiarlone M, Bernardini A, Mora F, Casale S, Cordone MP, Barbieri M. [Computerized modification of Fukuda test]. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2002; 22:268-72. [PMID: 12510337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study a new method to apply to Fukuda test in order to overcome the interpretational difficulty associated with a subjective evaluation of the exam. MATERIALS AND METHODS During the exam, the patient wears a specially-designed headpiece, with a band at the back fitted with a sensor accommodating both a gyroscope and a bi-axial accelerometer. When asked to step in place, he does so in the Romberg position, eyes closed, successively rotating his head to the right and to the left. RESULTS On analyzing the data obtained through the laterality variable (right/left oscillation) and time variable, it resulted that the difference between the averages referring to the laterality variable of right-handed and left-handed subjects was statistically significant (P = 0.001), while the difference between the averages of the time variable was not. CONCLUSIONS To be able to propose an evaluation of the clinical validity of the test, further research must be carried out on pathological subjects, thus verifying the applicability of the method to the full.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mora
- Clinica ORL, Ospedale San Martino, Università di Genova
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Cina G, Ferrante AM, Carbone A, Tulli A, Casale S, Viola G. Syphilitic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. Eur J Dermatol 1999; 9:399-401. [PMID: 10417448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
A case of syphilitic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta is described. This unusual finding may be misdiagnosed as "inflammatory" abdominal aortic aneurysm, another condition associated with an intense periaortic inflammatory reaction. The authors discuss the differential diagnostic problems and the surgical technique advisable in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cina
- Department of Surgery, Catholic University School of Medicine, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, L.go A. Gemelli, 8 - Rome 00168 Italy
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Beritelli F, Casale S, Russo M. A fuzzy system for tone detection applications. Inf Sci (N Y) 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-0255(98)10004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Civello IM, Frontera D, Pittiruti M, Casale S, Zappalà S, Battista Doglietto G, Zucchetti F, Crucitti F. Tension-free hernioplasty: technical remarks and personal experience. Ann Ital Chir 1997; 68:343-5; discussion 345-6. [PMID: 9419910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The authors report their experience with 463 tension free hernioplasty procedures for inguinal and femoral hernias. The surgical technique included the insertion of both a polypropylene plug and a polypropylene mesh, and was carried out mostly in local anesthesia (84.2%) using bupivacaine 0.25% for ileoinguinal and ileohypogastric blockage and mepivacaine 0.5% for local infiltration. There was no major intraoperative complication; local postoperative complications were rare (10%) and easily managed; postoperative pain was frequently observed (66%), though mild and transient; resumption of working activity occurred within a month in 96.6% of cases; there were only 3 post-operative recurrences (respectively, at 1, 6 and 12 months). The authors conclude that the tension free hernioplasty is a simple, rapid, low-cost and effective technique, easily performed under local anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Civello
- Dept. of Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Custodial settings are recognized as an important context both with respect to suicide and self-harm and for HIV prevention and care. This article examines briefly what is known about suicide and self harm in relation to custody, emphasizing the increased risk of suicide and self-harm with suicidal intent among certain subgroups within the custodial population. Subsequently the discussion focuses on the current lack of information as regards HIV prevalence in custodial settings and on HIV related policy and practice in custody. The writer attempts to draw out the implications for HIV related suicide in custody, arguing for a rethinking of traditional approaches to suicide in the light of the new stresses arising from the advent of HIV and AIDS in custody.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Casale
- National AIDS and Prison Forum, NACRO, London, UK
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