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Shafie SNA, Shen WY, Jaymon JJ, Nordin NAHM, Mohamednour AEE, Bilad MR, Kee LM, Matsuura T, Othman MHD, Jaafar J, Ismail AF. Controlling Air Bubble Formation Using Hydrophilic Microfiltration Diffuser for C. vulgaris Cultivation. Membranes 2022; 12:membranes12040414. [PMID: 35448384 PMCID: PMC9027748 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this project, a commercial polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane was coated with a thin layer of polyether block amide (PEBAX) via vacuum filtration to improve hydrophilicity and to study the bubble formation. Two parameters, namely PEBAX concentration (of 0–1.5 wt%) and air flow rate (of 0.1–50 mL/s), were varied and their effects on the bubble size formation were investigated. The results show that the PEBAX coating reduced the minimum membrane pore size from 0.46 μm without coating (hereafter called PEBAX0) to 0.25 μm for the membrane coated with 1.5wt% of PEBAX (hereafter called PEBAX1.5). The presence of polar functional groups (N-H and C=O) in PEBAX greatly improved the membrane hydrophilicity from 118° for PEBAX0 to 43.66° for PEBAX1.5. At an air flow rate of 43 mL/s, the equivalent bubble diameter size decreased from 2.71 ± 0.14 cm for PEBAX0 to 1.51 ± 0.02 cm for PEBAX1.5. At the same air flow rate, the frequency of bubble formation increased six times while the effective gas–liquid contact area increased from 47.96 cm2/s to 85.6 cm2/s. The improved growth of C. vulgaris from 0.6 g/L to 1.3 g/L for PEBAX1.5 also shows the potential of the PEBAX surface coating porous membrane as an air sparger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nur Alwani Shafie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; (S.N.A.S.); (W.Y.S.); (J.J.J.); (A.E.E.M.); (L.M.K.)
| | - Wong Yoong Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; (S.N.A.S.); (W.Y.S.); (J.J.J.); (A.E.E.M.); (L.M.K.)
| | - Jc Jcy Jaymon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; (S.N.A.S.); (W.Y.S.); (J.J.J.); (A.E.E.M.); (L.M.K.)
| | - Nik Abdul Hadi Md Nordin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; (S.N.A.S.); (W.Y.S.); (J.J.J.); (A.E.E.M.); (L.M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-137021225
| | - Abdelslam Elsir Elsiddig Mohamednour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; (S.N.A.S.); (W.Y.S.); (J.J.J.); (A.E.E.M.); (L.M.K.)
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei;
| | - Lam Man Kee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; (S.N.A.S.); (W.Y.S.); (J.J.J.); (A.E.E.M.); (L.M.K.)
| | - Takeshi Matsuura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave. E, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (M.H.D.O.); (J.J.); (A.F.I.)
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (M.H.D.O.); (J.J.); (A.F.I.)
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (M.H.D.O.); (J.J.); (A.F.I.)
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Shafie SNA, Md Nordin NAH, Bilad MR, Misdan N, Sazali N, Putra ZA, Wirzal MDH, Idris A, Jaafar J, Man Z. [EMIM][Tf2N]-Modified Silica as Filler in Mixed Matrix Membrane for Carbon Dioxide Separation. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 11:membranes11050371. [PMID: 34069683 PMCID: PMC8161063 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11050371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the effect of modified silica fillers by [EMIN][Tf2N] via physical adsorption on the CO2 separation performance of a mixed matrix membrane (MMM). The IL-modified silica was successfully synthesized as the presence of fluorine element was observed in both Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) analyses. The prepared MMMs with different loadings of the IL-modified silica were then compared with an unmodified silica counterpart and neat membrane. The morphology of IL-modified MMMs was observed to have insignificant changes, while polymer chains of were found to be slightly more flexible compared to their counterpart. At 2 bar of operating pressure, a significant increase in performance was observed with the incorporation of 3 wt% Sil-IL fillers compared to that of pure polycarbonate (PC). The permeability increased from 353 to 1151 Barrer while the CO2/CH4 selectivity increased from 20 to 76. The aforementioned increment also exceeded the Robeson upper bound. This indicates that the incorporation of fillers surface-modified with ionic liquid in an organic membrane is worth exploring for CO2 separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nur Alwani Shafie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia; (S.N.A.S.); (M.D.H.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Nik Abdul Hadi Md Nordin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia; (S.N.A.S.); (M.D.H.W.); (Z.M.)
- Correspondence: (N.A.H.M.N.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia; (S.N.A.S.); (M.D.H.W.); (Z.M.)
- Faculty of Applied Science and Enginering, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika UNDIKMA, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (N.A.H.M.N.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Nurasyikin Misdan
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja 86400, Malaysia;
| | - Norazlianie Sazali
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Pekan 26600, Malaysia;
| | - Zulfan Adi Putra
- PETRONAS Group Technical Solutions, Project Delivery and Technology, PETRONAS, Kuala Lumpur 50050, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Dzul Hakim Wirzal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia; (S.N.A.S.); (M.D.H.W.); (Z.M.)
| | - Alamin Idris
- Department of Engineering and Chemical Sciences, Karlstad University, SE-65188 Karlstad, Sweden;
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Zakaria Man
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia; (S.N.A.S.); (M.D.H.W.); (Z.M.)
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