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Osaki T, Duenki T, Chow SYA, Ikegami Y, Beaubois R, Levi T, Nakagawa-Tamagawa N, Hirano Y, Ikeuchi Y. Complex activity and short-term plasticity of human cerebral organoids reciprocally connected with axons. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2945. [PMID: 38600094 PMCID: PMC11006899 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
An inter-regional cortical tract is one of the most fundamental architectural motifs that integrates neural circuits to orchestrate and generate complex functions of the human brain. To understand the mechanistic significance of inter-regional projections on development of neural circuits, we investigated an in vitro neural tissue model for inter-regional connections, in which two cerebral organoids are connected with a bundle of reciprocally extended axons. The connected organoids produced more complex and intense oscillatory activity than conventional or directly fused cerebral organoids, suggesting the inter-organoid axonal connections enhance and support the complex network activity. In addition, optogenetic stimulation of the inter-organoid axon bundles could entrain the activity of the organoids and induce robust short-term plasticity of the macroscopic circuit. These results demonstrated that the projection axons could serve as a structural hub that boosts functionality of the organoid-circuits. This model could contribute to further investigation on development and functions of macroscopic neuronal circuits in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Osaki
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoya Duenki
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
- LIMMS/CNRS, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Siu Yu A Chow
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikegami
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Romain Beaubois
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
- LIMMS/CNRS, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- IMS Laboratory, UMR5218, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Timothée Levi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
- LIMMS/CNRS, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- IMS Laboratory, UMR5218, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Nao Nakagawa-Tamagawa
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoji Hirano
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiho Ikeuchi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
- LIMMS/CNRS, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Apostolopoulos A, Kawamoto N, Chow SYA, Tsuiji H, Ikeuchi Y, Shichino Y, Iwasaki S. dCas13-mediated translational repression for accurate gene silencing in mammalian cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2205. [PMID: 38467613 PMCID: PMC10928199 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Current gene silencing tools based on RNA interference (RNAi) or, more recently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‒Cas13 systems have critical drawbacks, such as off-target effects (RNAi) or collateral mRNA cleavage (CRISPR‒Cas13). Thus, a more specific method of gene knockdown is needed. Here, we develop CRISPRδ, an approach for translational silencing, harnessing catalytically inactive Cas13 proteins (dCas13). Owing to its tight association with mRNA, dCas13 serves as a physical roadblock for scanning ribosomes during translation initiation and does not affect mRNA stability. Guide RNAs covering the start codon lead to the highest efficacy regardless of the translation initiation mechanism: cap-dependent, internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent, or repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation. Strikingly, genome-wide ribosome profiling reveals the ultrahigh gene silencing specificity of CRISPRδ. Moreover, the fusion of a translational repressor to dCas13 further improves the performance. Our method provides a framework for translational repression-based gene silencing in eukaryotes.
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Grants
- JP20H05784 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- JP21H05278 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- JP21H05734 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- JP23H04268 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- JP20H05786 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- JP23H02415 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP20K07016 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP23K05648 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP21K15023 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP23KJ2175 MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- JP20gm1410001 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- JP20gm1410001 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- JP23gm6910005h0001 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- JP23gm6910005 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- JP20gm1410001 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
- Pioneering Projects MEXT | RIKEN
- Pioneering Projects MEXT | RIKEN
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), 23EX601
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Apostolopoulos
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
- RNA Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naohiro Kawamoto
- RNA Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Siu Yu A Chow
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Hitomi Tsuiji
- Education and Research Division of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Yoshiho Ikeuchi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shichino
- RNA Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Iwasaki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan.
- RNA Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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Chow SYA, Nakayama K, Osaki T, Sugiyama M, Yamada M, Takeuchi H, Ikeuchi Y. Human sensory neurons modulate melanocytes through secretion of RGMB. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111366. [PMID: 36130522 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanocytes are surrounded by diverse cells, including sensory neurons in our skin, but their interaction and functional importance have been poorly investigated. In this study, we find that melanocytes and nociceptive neurons contact more in human skin color patch tissue than control. Co-culture with human iPSC-derived sensory neurons significantly induces morphogenesis and pigmentation of human melanocytes. To reveal melanocyte-stimulating factors secreted from neurons, we perform proteomic analyses and identify RGMB in the sensory neuron-conditioned medium. RGMB protein induces morphogenesis and melanin production of melanocytes, demonstrating that RGMB is a melanocyte-stimulating factor released from sensory neurons. Transcriptome analysis suggests that the melanosome transport machinery can be controlled by RGMB, leading us to identify the vesicle production response of melanocytes upon RGMB treatment. This study discovers a role of sensory neurons in modulating multiple aspects of human melanocytes through secretion of a key factor: RGMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Yu A Chow
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakayama
- Frontier Research Center, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Osaki
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Sugiyama
- Frontier Research Center, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Maiko Yamada
- Frontier Research Center, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Takeuchi
- Frontier Research Center, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiho Ikeuchi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Chow SYA, Hu H, Osaki T, Levi T, Ikeuchi Y. Advances in construction and modeling of functional neural circuits in vitro. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2529-2544. [PMID: 35943626 PMCID: PMC9463289 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, techniques have been developed to culture and assemble neurons, which brought us closer to creating neuronal circuits that functionally and structurally mimic parts of the brain. Starting with primary culture of neurons, preparations of neuronal culture have advanced substantially. Development of stem cell research and brain organoids has opened a new path for generating three-dimensional human neural circuits. Along with the progress in biology, engineering technologies advanced and paved the way for construction of neural circuit structures. In this article, we overview research progress and discuss perspective of in vitro neural circuits and their ability and potential to acquire functions. Construction of in vitro neural circuits with complex higher-order functions would be achieved by converging development in diverse major disciplines including neuroscience, stem cell biology, tissue engineering, electrical engineering and computer science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Yu A Chow
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Huaruo Hu
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Osaki
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Timothée Levi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- IMS laboratory, CNRS UMR 5218, University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Yoshiho Ikeuchi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Wu X, Park J, Chow SYA, Kasuya MCZ, Ikeuchi Y, Kim B. Localised light delivery on melanoma cells using optical microneedles. Biomed Opt Express 2022; 13:1045-1060. [PMID: 35284152 PMCID: PMC8884222 DOI: 10.1364/boe.450456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Light-based therapy is an emerging treatment for skin cancer, which has received increased attention due to its drug-free and non-invasive approach. However, the limitation of current light therapy methods is the inability for light to penetrate the skin and reach deep lesions. As such, we have developed a polylactic acid (PLA) microneedles array as a novel light transmission platform to perform in vitro evaluation regarding the effect of light therapy on skin cancer. For the first time, we designed and fabricated a microneedle array system with a height fixation device that can be installed in a cell culture dish and an LED array for blue light irradiation. The effect of the blue light combined with the microneedles on cell apoptosis was evaluated using B16F10 melanoma cells and analyzed by Hoechst staining. Our results demonstrate that blue light can be transmitted by microneedles to skin cells and effectively affect cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Wu
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Precision Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jongho Park
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Siu Yu A. Chow
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiho Ikeuchi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Beomjoon Kim
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Chow SYA, Nakanishi Y, Kaneda S, Ikeuchi Y. Modeling Axonal Degeneration Using Motor Nerve Organoids. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2515:89-97. [PMID: 35776347 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2409-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Degeneration of axons is characteristic of many devastating diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, lack of an in vitro neuronal culture system that mimics damages on nerves and axonal tracts hampered development of effective treatments. Here, we describe a method to model degeneration of motor neuron axons using motor nerve organoids that are formed with human induced pluripotent stem cells. In this protocol, motor neuron axon degeneration can be rapidly induced with chemical damages. Neuroprotective effects of compounds can be examined using the degenerated axons. This motor neuron axon bundle degeneration model should facilitate future screening for drugs against diseases affecting axon fascicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Yu A Chow
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Nakanishi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Kaneda
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiho Ikeuchi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Nakayama K, Sassa S, Sugiyama M, Kurosumi M, Nishikori S, Chow SYA, Suzuki T, Ikeuchi Y. Three-dimensional imaging of the hyperpigmented skin of senile lentigo reveals underlying higher density intracutaneous nerve fibers. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 102:72-75. [PMID: 33610440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Nakayama
- Frontier Research Center, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Shoko Sassa
- Frontier Research Center, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Maki Sugiyama
- Frontier Research Center, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motonori Kurosumi
- Frontier Research Center, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shu Nishikori
- Frontier Research Center, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Siu Yu A Chow
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamio Suzuki
- Department of Dermatology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yoshiho Ikeuchi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
A fascicle of axons is one of the major structural motifs observed in the nervous system. Disruption of axon fascicles could cause developmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Although numerous studies of axons have been conducted, our understanding of formation and dysfunction of axon fascicles is still limited due to the lack of robust three-dimensional in vitro models. Here, we describe a step-by-step protocol for the rapid generation of a motor nerve organoid (MNO) from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells in a microfluidic-based tissue culture chip. First, fabrication of chips used for the method is described. From human iPS cells, a motor neuron spheroid (MNS) is formed. Next, the differentiated MNS is transferred into the chip. Thereafter, axons spontaneously grow out of the spheroid and assemble into a fascicle within a microchannel equipped in the chip, which generates an MNO tissue carrying a bundle of axons extended from the spheroid. For the downstream analysis, MNOs can be taken out of the chip to be fixed for morphological analyses or dissected for biochemical analyses, as well as calcium imaging and multi-electrode array recordings. MNOs generated with this protocol can facilitate drug testing and screening and can contribute to understanding of mechanisms underlying development and diseases of axon fascicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Osaki
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
| | - Siu Yu A Chow
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yui Nakanishi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
| | - Joel Hernández
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tecnologico de Monterrey
| | | | - Teruo Fujii
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yoshiho Ikeuchi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo;
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