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Mehnath S, Sathish Kumar M, Chitra K, Jeyaraj M. Bone-Adhesive Hydrogel for Effective Inhibition of M. tuberculosis and Osteoblast Regeneration. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2269-2281. [PMID: 37904258 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, bone tuberculosis (TB) treatment largely involves lifelong drug prescriptions and surgical intervention, resulting in poor quality of life for patients. Therefore, the fabrication of injectable scaffolds to form a solid framework around the defective bone region is gaining importance over the extensive use of antimicrobial inhibitors. Herein, we synthesized a novel bone-adhesive and thermoresponsive hydrogel via conjugation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (PNIPAM-co-GMA) and cysteine (CYS). Thiolation of the polymer enables chemical cross-linking with the bone glycoprotein, enhancing bone adhesion and permitting control of scaffold retention time. The PNIPAM-co-GMA-CYS hydrogel shows higher cross-linking behavior at 37 °C, forms a strong gel in 260 s, and has 151 kPa adhesion strength on cortical bone. The lead compounds 5-methyl-5H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indole-3-thiol (MTIT) and N-tert-butyl-4-methyl-6-(5-methyl-5H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-ylthio)pyrimidin-2-amine (TMTIPA) were identified by a high-throughput screening method. Effective MTIT and TMTIPA are encapsulated in bone-adhesive hydrogel separately, and both have a high release rate above >70% in 180 h. The MTIT- and TMTIPA-loaded PNIPAM-co-GMA-CYS showed an excellent bactericidal effect, reducing the relative intracellular bacterial survival in macrophages. Furthermore, the as-synthesized hydrogel has outstanding mechanical and biocompatibility properties to become a bone-replacing material and provide support to promote bone repair. This work presents a novel bone-adhesive PNIPAM-co-GMA-CYS for the sustained release of lead compounds toward promising alternative bone TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaraj Mehnath
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai , Tamil Nadu 600 025, India
| | - Marimuthu Sathish Kumar
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613 401, India
| | - Karuppannan Chitra
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 051, India
| | - Murugaraj Jeyaraj
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai , Tamil Nadu 600 025, India
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Arjama M, Mehnath S, Jeyaraj M. Self-assembled hydrogel nanocube for stimuli responsive drug delivery and tumor ablation by phototherapy against breast cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:435-446. [PMID: 35661669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The shape and responsiveness of nanoengineered delivery carriers are crucial characteristics for the rapid and efficient delivery of therapeutics. We report on a novel type of micrometer-sized hydrogel particles of controlled shape with dual pH and redox sensitivity for intracellular delivery of anticancer drugs and phototherapy. The cubical HA-DOP-CS-PEG networks with disulfide links are obtained by cross-linking HA-DOP-CS-PEG with cystamine. The pH-triggered hydrogel swelling/shrinkage was not only affords effective doxorubicin release. It also actively provides the endosomal/lysosomal escape, redox-triggered drug release. The hydrogels degrade rapidly to low molecular weight chains in the presence of the typical intracellular concentration of glutathione. Drug-loaded cube particles found to be 12% more cytotoxic. ICG and DOX-loaded hydrogel cubes demonstrate 90% cytotoxicity when incubated with MCF-7 cancer cells for 24 and 48 h, respectively. This approach integrates the advantages of pH sensitivity, enzymatic degradation, and shape-regulated internalization for novel types of "intelligent" three-dimensional networks with programmable behavior for controlled delivery of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukherjee Arjama
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 25, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivaraj Mehnath
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 25, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugaraj Jeyaraj
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 25, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Saravanakumar K, Abinaya M, Mehnath S, Shanmuga Priya V, Jeyaraj M, Al-Rashed S, Muthuraj V. Nano Ag@bioactive microspheres from marine sponge Clathria frondifera: Fabrication, fortification, characterization, anticancer and antibacterial potential evaluation. Environ Res 2022; 206:112282. [PMID: 34710440 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioresources are attaining much importance in the discovery of drugs and delivering agents. In particular, marine sponges are of great interest due to their metabolites production for the survival in risky environment. The incorporation of silver nanoparticles with marine sponge derived metabolites was reported for the first time. In this work, a facile material has been generated of great efficacy in solving environmental and health issues, as a recipe of silver and marine sponge Clathria frondifera, named as Ag Fortified Sponge spheres (AFS). AFS spheres were successfully synthesized after method optimization, using the various extracts of marine sponge Clathria frondifera as effective reducing agent in Ag (I) to Ag (0) reduction. Bioactive material from marine sponge and AgNP from the reduction of AgNO3 solution stablishing one another and thus AFS spheres were attaining long lifetime along with enhanced antimicrobial activity. The characterization of synthesized AFS and other AgNPs (1-4) has done using FT-IR, PXRD, FESEM, TEM, and UV-vis data. The presence of functional groups such as, Ag-O, and Ag-C stretching bonds in the AFS compounds indicated that it is composed of silver oxides and organo-silver, respectively. The synthesized Ag NPs were found to be spherical like structure with an average size of ∼20 nm. The cytotoxic response of AFS was assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and morphological changes. AFS are exact spherical, micro sized and effective in inhibiting the growth of both gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. Anticancer studies were also carried out and ensued with excellent activity in the HELA cells with potential application in the medical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunamoorthy Saravanakumar
- Department of Chemistry, V. H. N. Senthikumara Nadar College (Autonomous), Virudhunagar, 626 001, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Manickavasagan Abinaya
- Department of Chemistry, V. H. N. Senthikumara Nadar College (Autonomous), Virudhunagar, 626 001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivaraj Mehnath
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Murugaraj Jeyaraj
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sarah Al-Rashed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Velluchamy Muthuraj
- Department of Chemistry, V. H. N. Senthikumara Nadar College (Autonomous), Virudhunagar, 626 001, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Abstract
A combination of therapeutic modalities has recently emerged as an alternative technique for combating Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaraj Mehnath
- Biomaterial and Nanomedicine Laboratory, National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-25, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karuppannan Chitra
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biological, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai-51, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugaraj Jeyaraj
- Biomaterial and Nanomedicine Laboratory, National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-25, Tamil Nadu, India
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Arjama M, Mehnath S, Rajan M, Jeyaraj M. Engineered Hyaluronic Acid-Based Smart Nanoconjugates for Enhanced Intracellular Drug Delivery. J Pharm Sci 2021; 112:1603-1614. [PMID: 34678274 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial polysaccharides can be easily modified to offer dual stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems with double targeting potential. In this research work, bacterial polysaccharides hyaluronic acid (HA) were functionalized with α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) and cholic acid (CA) to form multifunctional polysaccharides nanoconjugates (TPGS-HA-CA). Smart nanoconjugates were synthesized by forming a redox-responsive disulfide bond, and it is composed of double targeting ligands. Doxorubicin (DOX) encapsulated smart nanoconjugates were exhibited an average size of 200 nm with a uniform core-shell structure. It serves the pH-responsive side chain modulation of TPGS-HA-CA, which affords a high degree of swelling at acidic pH. Under the pH 5.0 it shows 57% of release due to the side chain modulation of C-H/N-H. Polysaccharides nanoconjugates exhibited the double stimuli-responsive drug delivery by rapid disassembly of disulfide linkage, which exhibited 72% drug release (pH 5.0+GSH 10 mM). In cytotoxic studies, DOX@TPGS-HA-CA exhibited a higher cytotoxic effect compared to DOX. Hyaluronic acid functionalization with CA, TPGS increases cell internalization, and dual stimuli activity promotes more cell death. Overall, multifunctional polysaccharides hydrogel nanoconjugates is a prospective material that has great potential for targeting breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukherjee Arjama
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 25, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivaraj Mehnath
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 25, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariappan Rajan
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 21, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugaraj Jeyaraj
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 25, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Mehnath S, Ayisha Sithika MA, Arjama M, Rajan M, Amarnath Praphakar R, Jeyaraj M. Sericin-chitosan doped maleate gellan gum nanocomposites for effective cell damage in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 122:174-184. [PMID: 30393136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are increasingly used as biodegradable nanocarrier to selectively deliver therapeutic agents to specific cells. In this study, maleate gellan gum (MA-GG) formed by addition of free radical polymerizable groups, which can be polymerized presence of acetone to design biodegradable three-dimensional networks, were synthesized by esterification. Natural silk sericin was grafted over the maleate gellan gum surface. Maleate Gellan Gum- Silk Sericin-Chitosan (MA-GG-SS-CS) nanocomposites loaded with rifampicin (RF) and pyrazinamide (PZA) to overcome the problems associated with Tuberculosis (TB) therapy. The pH responsive behavior of gellan gum nanocomposites was reposed by silk sericin and exhibited sustained release of 79% RF and 82% PZA for 120 h at pH 4.0. The designed formulations shows higher antimycobacterial activity and rapid delivery of drugs at TB infected macrophage. Nanomaterial effectively aggregated and internalized into the bacterial cells and MH-S cells. Dual drug release inside the cells makes damage in the cell membrane. Green nanocomposites studies pave the way for important use of macromolecules in pulmonary delivery TB drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaraj Mehnath
- University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 25, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Mukherjee Arjama
- University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 25, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mehnath S, Arjama M, Rajan M, Annamalai G, Jeyaraj M. Co-encapsulation of dual drug loaded in MLNPs: Implication on sustained drug release and effectively inducing apoptosis in oral carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:661-671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Praphakar RA, Jeyaraj M, Mehnath S, Higuchi A, Ponnamma D, Sadasivuni KK, Rajan M. A pH-sensitive guar gum-grafted-lysine-β-cyclodextrin drug carrier for the controlled release of 5-flourouracil into cancer cells. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:1519-1530. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02551c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The physiological environment is a crucial factor in biomedical systems, which can be regulated with relative ease both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Amarnath Praphakar
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai-625021
| | - Murugan Jeyaraj
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Madras
- Chennai
- India
| | - Sivaraj Mehnath
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Madras
- Chennai
- India
| | - Akon Higuchi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- National Central University
- Jhong-Li
- Taiwan
| | | | | | - Mariappan Rajan
- Biomaterials in Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai-625021
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Mehnath S, Arjama M, Rajan M, Jeyaraj M. Development of cholate conjugated hybrid polymeric micelles for FXR receptor mediated effective site-specific delivery of paclitaxel. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03251c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the tumor targeting potential of a cholic acid (CA) conjugated polymeric micelle system for the effective delivery of paclitaxel (PTX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaraj Mehnath
- Biomaterial and Nanomedicine Laboratory
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Madras
- Guindy Campus
- Chennai
| | - Mukherjee Arjama
- Biomaterial and Nanomedicine Laboratory
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Madras
- Guindy Campus
- Chennai
| | | | - Murugaraj Jeyaraj
- Biomaterial and Nanomedicine Laboratory
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Madras
- Guindy Campus
- Chennai
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Mehnath S, Rajan M, Sathishkumar G, Amarnath Praphakar R, Jeyaraj M. Thermoresponsive and pH triggered drug release of cholate functionalized poly(organophosphazene) – polylactic acid co-polymeric nanostructure integrated with ICG. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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