Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease: A Case Report

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a newly discovered autoimmune demyelinating disorder. The clinical manifestations of MOGAD are divergent but often characterized by inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) deficits such as optic neuritis, encephalitis, or transverse myelitis that predominantly affect the pediatric population. Despite the distinct features often associated with MOGAD, the disease exhibits a diverse range of clinical manifestations, making timely diagnosis and treatment challenging. In particular, distinguishing MOGAD from multiple sclerosis (MS) is important for adequate treatment and the prevention of relapsing disease. In this report, we present a rare case of MOGAD in a 57-year-old male who initially exhibited symptoms of bilateral optic nerve edema and flame hemorrhage. This led to an initial misdiagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri. Serological analysis at a tertiary care center ultimately led to the diagnosis of MOGAD after multiple visits to the ophthalmologist with worsening vision deficits.

Craniopharyngioma in a 58-Year-Old Adult Male: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Craniopharyngiomas are benign epithelial tumors derived from the suprasellar region of the brain. The classical presentation of midline craniopharyngiomas includes bitemporal hemianopsia. However, atypical presentations can lead to diagnosis delays and challenges in managing associated visual and endocrine deficits. The persistence of visual deficits and tumor regrowth despite surgical intervention emphasizes the intricacies of craniopharyngioma management. This underscores the significance of timely diagnosis in patients with visual disturbances and hormonal imbalances related to mass effect. Here, we present a case of a unique and rare recurrent craniopharyngioma in a 58-year-old male, featuring progressive and atypical visual disturbances, along with the development of endocrine dysfunction following multiple tumor resections.