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Bolortuya B, Kawabata S, Yamagami A, Davaapurev BO, Takahashi F, Inoue K, Kanatani A, Mochida K, Kumazawa M, Ifuku K, Jigjidsuren S, Battogtokh T, Udval G, Shinozaki K, Asami T, Batkhuu J, Nakano T. Transcriptome Analysis of Chloris virgata, Which Shows the Fastest Germination and Growth in the Major Mongolian Grassland Plant. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:684987. [PMID: 34262584 PMCID: PMC8275185 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.684987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants in Mongolian grasslands are exposed to short, dry summers and long, cold winters. These plants should be prepared for fast germination and growth activity in response to the limited summer rainfall. The wild plant species adapted to the Mongolian grassland environment may allow us to explore useful genes, as a source of unique genetic codes for crop improvement. Here, we identified the Chloris virgata Dornogovi accession as the fastest germinating plant in major Mongolian grassland plants. It germinated just 5 h after treatment for germination initiation and showed rapid growth, especially in its early and young development stages. This indicates its high growth potential compared to grass crops such as rice and wheat. By assessing growth recovery after animal bite treatment (mimicked by cutting the leaves with scissors), we found that C. virgata could rapidly regenerate leaves after being damaged, suggesting high regeneration potential against grazing. To analyze the regulatory mechanism involved in the high growth potential of C. virgata, we performed RNA-seq-based transcriptome analysis and illustrated a comprehensive gene expression map of the species. Through de novo transcriptome assembly with the RNA-seq reads from whole organ samples of C. virgata at the germination stage (2 days after germination, DAG), early young development stage (8 DAG), young development stage (17 DAG), and adult development stage (28 DAG), we identified 21,589 unified transcripts (contigs) and found that 19,346 and 18,156 protein-coding transcripts were homologous to those in rice and Arabidopsis, respectively. The best-aligned sequences were annotated with gene ontology groups. When comparing the transcriptomes across developmental stages, we found an over-representation of genes involved in growth regulation in the early development stage in C. virgata. Plant development is tightly regulated by phytohormones such as brassinosteroids, gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, and strigolactones. Moreover, our transcriptome map demonstrated the expression profiles of orthologs involved in the biosynthesis of these phytohormones and their signaling networks. We discuss the possibility that C. virgata phytohormone signaling and biosynthesis genes regulate early germination and growth advantages. Comprehensive transcriptome information will provide a useful resource for gene discovery and facilitate a deeper understanding of the diversity of the regulatory systems that have evolved in C. virgata while adapting to severe environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byambajav Bolortuya
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Ayumi Yamagami
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bekh-Ochir Davaapurev
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Fuminori Takahashi
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Komaki Inoue
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Asaka Kanatani
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiichi Mochida
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Minoru Kumazawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ifuku
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sodnomdarjaa Jigjidsuren
- Research Institute of Animal Husbandry, Mongolian University of Life Science, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Tugsjargal Battogtokh
- Research Institute of Animal Husbandry, Mongolian University of Life Science, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Gombosuren Udval
- Research Institute of Animal Husbandry, Mongolian University of Life Science, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Javzan Batkhuu
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan
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Smith JD, Brunner VM, Jigjidsuren S, Hamour IM, McCormack AM, Banner NR, Rose ML. Lack of effect of MICA antibodies on graft survival following heart transplantation. Am J Transplant 2009; 9:1912-9. [PMID: 19563343 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the effect of MICA antibodies (Abs) on cardiac allograft function and survival. Pretransplant and posttransplant serum from 491 and 196 adult cardiac allograft recipients, respectively, has been investigated for MICA Abs, donor specificity and the effect of MICA Abs on graft survival, acute rejection episodes (AR) and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). Patients with HLA Abs (11.6%) were excluded from the analysis. A total of 11.8% of patients had MICA Abs, without HLA Abs, before their transplant. Actuarial graft survival demonstrated slightly better survival of patients with donor-specific MICA Abs at 1 and 5 years (88.9% and 83.3%) than patients negative for MICA Abs (72% and 63.7%, p = 0.051). After transplantation, 15.8% of patients produced MICA Abs, and in 17 patients these were produced de novo. There was no effect of pretransplant or posttransplant production of MICA Abs on numbers of AR episodes in year 1, or CAV assessed at years 3 and 5. Immunocytochemistry of cardiac biopsies from 11 patients did not demonstrate a presence of MICA. Sera from only 4/69 patients with MICA Abs fixed complement prior to transplantation and from 7/38 patients following transplantation. In conclusion, this study suggests that MICA Abs do not adversely affect the outcome of cardiac transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Smith
- Transplant Immunology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, London, UK
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