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Yahoum MM, Toumi S, Hentabli S, Tahraoui H, Lefnaoui S, Hadjsadok A, Amrane A, Kebir M, Moula N, Assadi AA, Zhang J, Mouni L. Experimental Analysis and Neural Network Modeling of the Rheological Behavior of Xanthan Gum and Its Derivatives. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:2565. [PMID: 37048859 PMCID: PMC10095490 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to create a mathematical tool that could be used with experimental data to predict the rheological flow behavior of functionalized xanthan gum according to the types of chemical groups grafted onto its backbone. Different rheological and physicochemical analyses were applied to assess six derivatives synthesized via the etherification of xanthan gum by hydrophobic benzylation with benzyl chloride and carboxymethylation with monochloroacetic acid at three (regent/polymer) ratios R equal to 2.4 and 6. Results from the FTIR study verified that xanthan gum had been modified. The degree of substitution (DS) values varying between 0.2 and 2.9 for carboxymethylxanthan gum derivatives were found to be higher than that of hydrophobically modified benzyl xanthan gum for which the DS ranged from 0.5 to 1. The molecular weights of all the derivatives were found to be less than that of xanthan gum for the two types of derivatives, decreasing further as the degree of substitution (DS) increased. However, the benzyl xanthan gum derivatives presented higher molecular weights varying between 1,373,146 (g/mol) and 1,262,227 (g/mol) than carboxymethylxanthan gum derivatives (1,326,722-1,015,544) (g/mol). A shear-thinning behavior was observed in the derivatives, and the derivatives' viscosity was found to decrease with increasing DS. The second objective of this research was to create an ANN model to predict one of the rheological properties (the apparent viscosity). The significance of the ANN model (R2 = 0.99998 and MSE = 5.95 × 10-3) was validated by comparing experimental results with the predicted ones. The results showed that the model was an efficient tool for predicting rheological flow behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Melha Yahoum
- Materials and Environment Laboratory (LME), University Yahia Fares of Medea, Medea 26000, Algeria
| | - Selma Toumi
- Faculty of Sciences, Nouveau Pole Urbain, University Yahia Fares of Medea, Medea 26000, Algeria
| | - Salma Hentabli
- Laboratory of Experimental Biology and Pharmacology (LBPE), University Yahia Fares of Medea, Medea 26000, Algeria
| | - Hichem Tahraoui
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Chimiques, Department of Process Engineering, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif 19000, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena (LBMTP), University Yahia Fares of Medea, Medea 26000, Algeria
| | - Sonia Lefnaoui
- Laboratory of Experimental Biology and Pharmacology (LBPE), University Yahia Fares of Medea, Medea 26000, Algeria
| | - Abdelkader Hadjsadok
- Functional Analysis of Chemical Processes Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Saad Dahlab University, PB 270, Blida 09000, Algeria
| | - Abdeltif Amrane
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ISCR—UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Mohammed Kebir
- Research Unit on Analysis and Technological Development in Environment (URADTE-CRAPC), BP 384, Bou-Ismail 42004, Algeria
| | - Nassim Moula
- Fundamental and Applied Research in Animal and Health (FARAH), Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Amin Aymen Assadi
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ISCR—UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France
- College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, IMSIU, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Lotfi Mouni
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Natural Resources and Quality Assurance, SNVST Faculty, Akli Mohand Oulhadj University, Bouira 10000, Algeria
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Yahoum MM, Toumi S, Tahraoui H, Lefnaoui S, Kebir M, Amrane A, Assadi AA, Zhang J, Mouni L. Formulation and Evaluation of Xanthan Gum Microspheres for the Sustained Release of Metformin Hydrochloride. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:609. [PMID: 36985017 PMCID: PMC10055444 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to formulate xanthan gum microspheres for the encapsulation of metformin hydrochloride, according to the process of ionotropic gelation. The obtained microparticles, based on various fractions of xanthan gum (0.5-1.25), were subjected to different physico-chemical tests and a drug release study. Microspheres with an average size varying between 110.96 μm and 208.27 μm were obtained. Encapsulation efficiency reached 93.11% at a 1.25% biopolymer concentration. The swelling study showed a swelling rate reaching 29.8% in the gastric medium (pH 1.2) and 360% in the intestinal medium (pH 6.8). The drug release studies showed complete metformin hydrochloride release from the beads, especially those prepared from xanthan gum at the concentration of 1.25%, in intestinal medium at 90.00% after 6 h. However, limited and insignificant drug release was observed within the gastric medium (32.50%). The dissolution profiles showed sustained release kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Melha Yahoum
- Materials and Environmental Laboratory (LME), University of Medea, Nouveau Pole Urbain, Medea 26000, Algeria
| | - Selma Toumi
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Medea, Nouveau Pole Urbain, Medea 26000, Algeria
| | - Hichem Tahraoui
- Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Chimiques, Department of Process Engineering, University of Ferhat Abbas, Sétif 19000, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena (LBMTP), University Yahia Fares, Médéa 26000, Algeria
| | - Sonia Lefnaoui
- Laboratory of Experimental Biology and Pharmacolgy, University of Medea, Nouveau Pole Urbain, Medea 26000, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Kebir
- Research Unit on Analysis and Tecshnological Development in Environment (URADTE-CRAPC), MB 384, Tipaza 42000, Algeria
| | - Abdeltif Amrane
- National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), National School of Chemistry of Rennes, University of Rennes, ISCR—UMR6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Aymen Amin Assadi
- National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), National School of Chemistry of Rennes, University of Rennes, ISCR—UMR6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
- College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, IMSIU, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Lotfi Mouni
- Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Natural Resources and Quality Assurance, SNVST Faculty, Akli Mohand Oulhadj University, Bouira 10000, Algeria
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Meriem B, Yahoum MM, Lefnaoui S, Ribiero M, Bañobre-López M, Moulai-Mostefa N. Magnetic ferrogels based on crosslinked xanthan and iron oxide nanoparticles: preparation and physico-chemical characterization. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2022.2130270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boudoukhani Meriem
- Materials and Environmental Laboratory (LME), University of Medea, Medea, Algeria
| | - Madiha Melha Yahoum
- Materials and Environmental Laboratory (LME), University of Medea, Medea, Algeria
| | - Sonia Lefnaoui
- Experimental Biology and Pharmacology Laboratory (LBPE), University of Medea, Medea, Algeria
| | - Marta Ribiero
- INL, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Advanced (Magnetic) Theranostic Nanostructures Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuel Bañobre-López
- INL, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Advanced (Magnetic) Theranostic Nanostructures Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nadji Moulai-Mostefa
- Materials and Environmental Laboratory (LME), University of Medea, Medea, Algeria
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Toumi S, Yahoum MM, Lefnaoui S, Hadjsadok A. Synthesis and physicochemical evaluation of octenylsuccinated kappa-carrageenan: Conventional versus microwave heating. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 286:119310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Toumi S, Yahoum MM, Lefnaoui S, Hadjsadok A. Synthesis, characterization and potential application of hydrophobically modified carrageenan derivatives as pharmaceutical excipients. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:116997. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Gherrak F, Hadjsadok A, Lefnaoui S. Implementation and in vitro characterization of calcium-free in situ gelling oral reconstituted suspension for potential overweight treatment. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 47:36-50. [PMID: 33191791 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1851242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, oral granules that were easily dissolved in aqueous dispersion, were prepared. These oral suspensions were formulated with sodium alginate (AlgNa), chitosan (CHI) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC Na). The gels were formulated by pouring the suspensions into 150 ml of simulated gastric fluid (SGF) pH 1.2 at 37° C. The in-situ gelling mechanism was based on the ionization states of the three biopolymers as a function of the pH of the medium. Fourier transform infrared analysis of gels confirmed the interactions between alginate and chitosan. According to the scanning electron microscopy analysis, the gels were characterized by a firm and homogeneous structure. The obtained values of the elastic storage modulus, G', varied between 10 1 and 10 7 Pa. The eliminated volume of the unabsorbed liquid by the gels fluctuated between 25% and 55% of the total liquid volume. The quality of the gels was improved when a maximum concentration of alginate ( 4 g / 100 ml ) , a minimum concentration of chitosan ( 0.5 g / 100 ml ) and a maximum amount of carboxymethylcellulose ( 4 g / 100 ml ) were used. The value of their elastic modulus, G' was around 10 5 Pa and the residual unabsorbed volume of the liquid was 25% of the total liquid volume. According to the obtained results, the prepared gels could induce a feeling of fullness by stimulating the gastric distension and they could potentially be applied as anti-obesity medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouzia Gherrak
- Laboratoire de l'Analyse Fonctionnelle des Procédés Chimiques (LAFPC), University of Blida1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Abdelkader Hadjsadok
- Laboratoire de l'Analyse Fonctionnelle des Procédés Chimiques (LAFPC), University of Blida1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Sonia Lefnaoui
- Faculty of Sciences, University Dr. Yahia Fares of Medea, Medea, Algeria
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Boudoukhani M, Yahoum MM, Lefnaoui S, Moulai-Mostefa N, Banhobre M. Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of deacetylated xanthan derivatives as new excipients in the formulation of chitosan-based polyelectrolytes for the sustained release of tramadol. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:1127-1137. [PMID: 31885472 PMCID: PMC6921171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper addressed the application of deacetylated xanthan (XGDS) and chitosan (CTS) as a mixture blend forming hydrophilic matrices for Tramadol (TD) sustained release tablets. XGDSs derivatives were obtained by alkaline treatment of xanthan gum (XG) with various degrees of deacetylation (DD). The obtained products were characterized in terms of structural, thermal and physicochemical properties. Different tablet formulations containing CTS/XGDSs were prepared by direct compression method and compared to CTS/XG tablets. Flow properties of powder mixtures and pharmaceutical characteristics were evaluated. The dissolution test of TD was realized under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions to achieve drug release more than 24 h. All developed tablets were found conforming to standard evaluation tests. It was shown that CTS/XGDSs matrices ensure a slower release of TD in comparison with CTS/XG based formulations. Meanwhile, increasing DD resulted in a decrease of drug release. In addition, TD release from XGDS matrices was faster at pH (6.8) than at acidic pH (1.2). The matrix tablets based on CTS/XGDS4 (DD = 98.08%) were selected as the best candidates compared to the other systems in prolonging drug release. The optimal formulation was found to release 99.99% of TD after 24 h following a non-Fickian type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Boudoukhani
- LME, Faculty of Technology, University of Medea, Ain D'Heb, Medea, Algeria
| | - Madiha M Yahoum
- LME, Faculty of Technology, University of Medea, Ain D'Heb, Medea, Algeria
| | - Sonia Lefnaoui
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Medea, Ain D'Heb, Medea, Algeria
| | | | - Manuel Banhobre
- INL, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
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Lefnaoui S, Moulai-Mostefa N, Yahoum MM, Gasmi SN. Design of antihistaminic transdermal films based on alginate–chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes: characterization and permeation studies. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 44:432-443. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1395461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Lefnaoui
- Materials and Environmental Laboratory, University of Medea, Ain D’Heb, Medea, Algeria
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Medea, Ain D’Heb, Medea, Algeria
| | - Nadji Moulai-Mostefa
- Materials and Environmental Laboratory, University of Medea, Ain D’Heb, Medea, Algeria
| | - Madiha M. Yahoum
- Materials and Environmental Laboratory, University of Medea, Ain D’Heb, Medea, Algeria
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Medea, Ain D’Heb, Medea, Algeria
| | - Sarah N. Gasmi
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Medea, Ain D’Heb, Medea, Algeria
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Lefnaoui S, Moulai-Mostefa N. Synthesis and evaluation of the structural and physicochemical properties of carboxymethyl pregelatinized starch as a pharmaceutical excipient. Saudi Pharm J 2015; 23:698-711. [PMID: 26702266 PMCID: PMC4669421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A pregelatinized starch (PGS) was derivatized with sodium chloroacetate (SCA) in alcoholic medium under alkaline condition to produce carboxymethyl pregelatinized starch (CMPGS) with various degrees of substitution (DS). Influence of the molar ratio of SCA to the glucopyranose units (SCA/GU), reaction time, temperature and the amount of sodium hydroxide on the degree of substitution (DS) and the reaction efficiency (RE) was studied. An optimal concentration of 30% of NaOH, for a reaction time of 1 h at 50 °C and molar ratio (SCA/GU) equal to 1.0, yielded an optimal DS of 0.55 and a RE of 55%. SEM micrographs revealed that the carboxymethylation assigned the structural arrangement of CMPGS and caused the granular disintegration. Wide angle diffraction X-ray (XRD) showed that the crystallinity of starch was obviously varied after carboxymethylation. New bands in FTIR spectra at 1417 and 1603 cm(-1) indicated the presence of carboxymethyl groups. The solubility and viscosity of CMPGS increased with an increase in the degree of modification. In order to investigate the influence of DS on physical and drug release properties, CMPGS obtained with DS in the range of 0.12-0.55 was evaluated as tablet excipient for sustained drug release. Dissolution tests performed in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), with Ibuprofen as drug model (25% loading) showed that CMPGS seems suitable to be used as sustained release excipient since the drug release was driven over a period up to 8 h. The in vitro release kinetics studies revealed that all formulations fit well with Korsmeyer-Peppas model and the mechanism of drug release is non-Fickian diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Lefnaoui
- Materials and Environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Medea, Ain D’Heb, 2001 Medea, Algeria
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Lefnaoui S, Moulai-Mostefa N. Polyelectrolyte complex based on carboxymethyl-kappa-carrageenan and Eudragit RL 30D as prospective carriers for sustained drug delivery. Chem Eng Res Des 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lefnaoui S, Moulai-Mostefa N. Formulation and in vitro evaluation of κ-carrageenan-pregelatinized starch-based mucoadhesive gels containing miconazole. STARCH-STARKE 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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