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Bloc S, Alfonsi P, Belbachir A, Beaussier M, Bouvet L, Campard S, Campion S, Cazenave L, Diemunsch P, Di Maria S, Dufour G, Fabri S, Fletcher D, Garnier M, Godier A, Grillo P, Huet O, Joosten A, Lasocki S, Le Guen M, Le Saché F, Macquer I, Marquis C, de Montblanc J, Maurice-Szamburski A, Nguyen YL, Ruscio L, Zieleskiewicz L, Caillard A, Weiss E. Guidelines on perioperative optimization protocol for the adult patient 2023. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2023; 42:101264. [PMID: 37295649 DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2023.101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The French Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine [Société Française d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation (SFAR)] aimed at providing guidelines for the implementation of perioperative optimization programs. DESIGN A consensus committee of 29 experts from the SFAR was convened. A formal conflict-of-interest policy was developed at the outset of the process and enforced throughout. The entire guidelines process was conducted independently of any industry funding. The authors were advised to follow the principles of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to guide assessment of quality of evidence. METHODS Four fields were defined: 1) Generalities on perioperative optimization programs; 2) Preoperative measures; 3) Intraoperative measures and; 4) Postoperative measures. For each field, the objective of the recommendations was to answer a number of questions formulated according to the PICO model (population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes). Based on these questions, an extensive bibliographic search was carried out using predefined keywords according to PRISMA guidelines and analyzed using the GRADE® methodology. The recommendations were formulated according to the GRADE® methodology and then voted on by all the experts according to the GRADE grid method. As the GRADE® methodology could have been fully applied for the vast majority of questions, the recommendations were formulated using a "formalized expert recommendations" format. RESULTS The experts' work on synthesis and application of the GRADE® method resulted in 30 recommendations. Among the formalized recommendations, 19 were found to have a high level of evidence (GRADE 1±) and ten a low level of evidence (GRADE 2±). For one recommendation, the GRADE methodology could not be fully applied, resulting in an expert opinion. Two questions did not find any response in the literature. After two rounds of rating and several amendments, strong agreement was reached for all the recommendations. CONCLUSIONS Strong agreement among the experts was obtained to provide 30 recommendations for the elaboration and/or implementation of perioperative optimization programs in the highest number of surgical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Bloc
- Clinical Research Department, Ambroise Pare Hospital Group, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France; Department of Anesthesiology, Clinique Drouot Sport, Paris, France.
| | - Pascal Alfonsi
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Paris Descartes, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, 185 rue Raymond Losserand, F-75674 Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Anissa Belbachir
- Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation, UF Douleur, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, APHP.Centre, Site Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Marc Beaussier
- Department of Digestive, Oncologic and Metabolic Surgery, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Université de Paris, 42 Boulevard Jourdan, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Bouvet
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Lyon, France
| | | | - Sébastien Campion
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP-Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Laure Cazenave
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Groupe Jeunes, French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine (SFAR), 75016 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Diemunsch
- Unité de Réanimation Chirurgicale, Service d'Anesthésie-réanimation Chirurgicale, Pôle Anesthésie-Réanimations Chirurgicales, Samu-Smur, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, Avenue Molière, 67098 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Di Maria
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Dufour
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU de Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47-83, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Fabri
- Faculty of Economics, Management & Accountancy, University of Malta, Malta
| | - Dominique Fletcher
- Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Ambroise-Paré, Service d'Anesthésie, 9, Avenue Charles-de-Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Marc Garnier
- Sorbonne Université, GRC 29, DMU DREAM, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation et Médecine Périopératoire Rive Droite, Paris, France
| | - Anne Godier
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Huet
- CHU de Brest, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Brest, France
| | - Alexandre Joosten
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Paul Brousse Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Villejuif, France
| | | | - Morgan Le Guen
- Paris Saclay University, Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Frédéric Le Saché
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinique Drouot Sport, Paris, France; DMU DREAM Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Macquer
- Bordeaux University Hospitals, Bordeaux, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Department, Bordeaux, France
| | - Constance Marquis
- Clinique du Sport, Département d'Anesthésie et Réanimation, Médipole Garonne, 45 rue de Gironis - CS 13 624, 31036 Toulouse Cedex 1, France
| | - Jacques de Montblanc
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Paris-Saclay University, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Yên-Lan Nguyen
- Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Department, Cochin Academic Hospital, APHP, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Laura Ruscio
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Paris-Saclay University, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM U 1195, Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Aubin, Île-de-France, France
| | - Laurent Zieleskiewicz
- Service d'Anesthésie Réanimation, Hôpital Nord, AP-HM, Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, C2VN, France
| | - Anaîs Caillard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Cavale Blanche Université de Bretagne Ouest, Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Perioperative Medicine Department, Brest, France
| | - Emmanuel Weiss
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Beaujon Hospital, DMU Parabol, AP-HP, Nord, Clichy, France; University of Paris, Paris, France; Inserm UMR_S1149, Centre for Research on Inflammation, Paris, France
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Christou N, Di Maria S, Mirallié E, Noullet S, Mathonnet M, Menegaux F. Ambulatory thyroidectomy. Recommendations of the Association francophone de chirurgie endocrinienne (AFCE), with the Société française d'endocrinologie (SFE) and the Société française de médecine nucléaire (SFMN). J Visc Surg 2023:S1878-7886(23)00072-3. [PMID: 37211444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Before ambulatory thyroidectomy is proposed, the patient and his family and/or friends will need to be informed by the surgeon of the specificity of this procedure, the normal postoperative effects of a thyroidectomy, and potential complications. Also known as outpatient thyroid surgery, it can only be proposed by an experienced surgeon supported by an adequately trained medical and paramedical team. The healthcare establishment must be in possession of all the resources needed in ambulatory management, with continuity of care guaranteed 24h/24 7d/7 in the event of possible emergency rehospitalization. In all cases, contact the day after the operation between the healthcare facility and the patient is imperative. Ambulatory management can be proposed for lobo-isthmectomy or isthmectomy, possibly involving lymph node dissection. It is also possible for secondary totalization of thyroidectomy (following lobectomy). On the other hand, indications for single-stage total thyroidectomy must be limited and ensure proximity between the patient's home and a healthcare structure with a platform adapted to the pathology necessitating surgical intervention (non-plunging euthyroid goiter). A precise clinical pathway must be set out, including pre-, peri- and postoperative protocols having been formalized for surgery (hemostasis procedures) and for anesthesia (prevention of pain, of vomiting and of hypertension). We recommend at least 6hours of postoperative surveillance in outpatient care. When outpatient treatment is not possible or not recommended, hospitalization stay after thyroidectomy can be limited to 24hours, except in the event of postoperative complications, or a need for effectively dosed anticoagulant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Christou
- Digestive, Endocrine and General Surgery Department, University Hospital Center of Limoges, Limoges, France.
| | - Sophie Di Maria
- Department of Anesthesia-Resuscitation, University Hospital Center of Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Eric Mirallié
- Cancer, Digestive and Endocrine Surgery Department, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, University Hospital Center of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Séverine Noullet
- Department of General, Visceral and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital Center of Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Muriel Mathonnet
- Digestive, Endocrine and General Surgery Department, University Hospital Center of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Fabrice Menegaux
- Department of General, Visceral and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital Center of Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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Velly L, Gayat E, Quintard H, Weiss E, De Jong A, Cuvillon P, Audibert G, Amour J, Beaussier M, Biais M, Bloc S, Bonnet MP, Bouzat P, Brezac G, Dahyot-Fizelier C, Dahmani S, de Queiroz M, Di Maria S, Ecoffey C, Futier E, Geeraerts T, Jaber H, Heyer L, Hoteit R, Joannes-Boyau O, Kern D, Langeron O, Lasocki S, Launey Y, le Saché F, Lukaszewicz AC, Maurice-Szamburski A, Mayeur N, Michel F, Minville V, Mirek S, Montravers P, Morau E, Muller L, Muret J, Nouette-Gaulain K, Orban JC, Orliaguet G, Perrigault PF, Plantet F, Pottecher J, Quesnel C, Reubrecht V, Rozec B, Tavernier B, Veber B, Veyckmans F, Charbonneau H, Constant I, Frasca D, Fischer MO, Huraux C, Blet A, Garnier M. Guidelines: Anaesthesia in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2020; 39:395-415. [PMID: 32512197 PMCID: PMC7274119 DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The world is currently facing an unprecedented healthcare crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of these guidelines is to produce a framework to facilitate the partial and gradual resumption of intervention activity in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The group has endeavoured to produce a minimum number of recommendations to highlight the strengths to be retained in the 7 predefined areas: (1) protection of staff and patients; (2) benefit/risk and patient information; (3) preoperative assessment and decision on intervention; (4) modalities of the preanaesthesia consultation; (5) specificity of anaesthesia and analgesia; (6) dedicated circuits and (7) containment exit type of interventions. RESULTS The SFAR Guideline panel provides 51 statements on anaesthesia management in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. After one round of discussion and various amendments, a strong agreement was reached for 100% of the recommendations and algorithms. CONCLUSION We present suggestions for how the risk of transmission by and to anaesthetists can be minimised and how personal protective equipment policies relate to COVID-19 pandemic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Velly
- Aix-Marseille University, AP-HM, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Timone, 13005 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Institut Neuroscience Timone, UMR7289, Marseille, France.
| | - Etienne Gayat
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Lariboisière Hospital, DMU Parabol, AP-HP Nord, University of Paris, Paris, France; Inserm UMR-S 942, Cardiovascular Markers in Stress Conditions (MASCOT), University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Quintard
- Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Pasteur 2 Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Emmanuel Weiss
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Beaujon Hospital, DMU Parabol, AP-HP Nord, Paris, France; Inserm UMR_S1149, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Audrey De Jong
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care unit, Regional University Hospital of Montpellier, St-Éloi Hospital, Montpellier, France; PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, Inserm U1046, CNRS UMR, 9214, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Cuvillon
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Beaujon Hospital, CHU Carémeau, Nîmes, France
| | - Gérard Audibert
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Lorraine University, Nancy University Hospital, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Julien Amour
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery Department, Hôpital Privé Jacques-Cartier, 91300 Massy, France
| | - Marc Beaussier
- Département d'Anesthésie, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Biais
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Pellegrin Hospital, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Inserm UMR-S 1034, Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sébastien Bloc
- CMC Ambroise-Paré, Département d'anesthésie, 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Marie Pierre Bonnet
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Armand-Trousseau University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Centre for Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), Université de Paris, Obstetrical Perinatal and Paediatric Epidemiology Research Team (EPOPé), Inserm INRA, Paris, France; Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Cochin-Port Royal University Hospital, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bouzat
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Grenoble University Hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gilles Brezac
- Anaesthesiology, Lenval Children's Hospital, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Claire Dahyot-Fizelier
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Inserm UMR1070, Pharmacology of Anti-infective Agents, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Souhayl Dahmani
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Robert-Debré University Hospital, AP-HP, DHU PROTECT, Inserm U1141, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde de Queiroz
- Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Femme-Mère-Enfant Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Di Maria
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Claude Ecoffey
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, CHU de Rennes, Inserm UMR 991, CIC 1414, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuel Futier
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Estaing Hospital, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm U-1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thomas Geeraerts
- Pôle Anesthésie-Réanimation, Inserm, UMR 1214, Toulouse Neuroimaging Centre (ToNIC), université Toulouse 3 - Paul-Sabatier, CHU de Toulouse, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Haithem Jaber
- Departments of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Heyer
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Rim Hoteit
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care unit, Regional University Hospital of Montpellier, St-Éloi Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Joannes-Boyau
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation Sud, Centre Médico-Chirurgical Magellan, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Delphine Kern
- Departments of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Children Hospital, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Langeron
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Henri-Mondor University Hospital, University Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sigismond Lasocki
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, UBL Université d'Angers, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Yoan Launey
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Frederic le Saché
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, DMU DREAM, AP-HP, 6 Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Clinique Remusat, 75016 Paris, France; Clinique Jouvenet, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Anne Claire Lukaszewicz
- University of Lyon, EA 7426: Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression (PI3), Lyon, France; Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Neurological hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Nicolas Mayeur
- Anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine, Clinique Pasteur, 31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Fabrice Michel
- Department of Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, La Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Minville
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Toulouse University Hospital, 31432 Toulouse, France; Inserm, U1048, Université Paul-Sabatier, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, 31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Mirek
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Dijon University Hospital, 21079 Dijon, France; U-SEEM, Healthcare Simulation Centre of University Hospital of Dijon, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Montravers
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, CHU Bichat-Claude-Bernard, DMU Parabol, AP-HP Nord, University of Paris, Paris, France; Inserm UMR-S 1152, Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Respiratory Diseases, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Morau
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hôpital Universitaire Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Muller
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pain and Emergency Medicine, Nîmes-Caremeau University Hospital, Université Montpellier, place du Professeur-Robert-Debré, 30029 Nîmes cedex 9, France; Physiology Department, EA 2992, Faculty of Medicine, Université Montpellier, Montpellier-Nimes University, Nîmes, France
| | - Jane Muret
- Institut Curie PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Karine Nouette-Gaulain
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean Christophe Orban
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Gilles Orliaguet
- Surgical Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Universitary Hospital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Paris, France; EA08 Pharmacologie et Évaluation des Thérapeutiques chez l'Enfant et la Femme Enceinte, Paris Descartes University (Paris V), Paris, France
| | - Pierre François Perrigault
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Montpellier University, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Plantet
- Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Clinique Générale, 4, chemin de la Tour-la-Reine, Annecy, France
| | - Julien Pottecher
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Christophe Quesnel
- Inserm UMR-S 1152, Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Respiratory Diseases, University of Paris, Paris, France; Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Tenon Hospital, DMU DREAM, AP-HP, 6 Sorbonne Université School of Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Reubrecht
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Rozec
- Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU Nantes, Hôpital Laennec, 1, boulevard Jacques-Monod, 44093 Nantes cedex, France
| | - Benoit Tavernier
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, CHU de Lille, Pôle d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Benoit Veber
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Francis Veyckmans
- Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia, Jeanne-de-Flandre Hospital, University Hospitals of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Hélène Charbonneau
- Anaesthesiology and intensive care medicine, Clinique Pasteur, 31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Constant
- Anaesthesiology Department, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Sorbonne Université, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DMU DREAM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Denis Frasca
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Poitiers University, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Marc-Olivier Fischer
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Catherine Huraux
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Clinique des Cèdres, 38130 Échirolles, France
| | - Alice Blet
- Inserm UMR-S 942, Cardiovascular Markers in Stress Conditions (MASCOT), University of Paris, Paris, France; Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Burn Centre, Lariboisière-Saint-Louis Hospitals, DMU Parabol, AP-HP Nord, University of Paris, Paris, France; University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Garnier
- Inserm UMR-S 1152, Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Respiratory Diseases, University of Paris, Paris, France; Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Saint-Antoine Hospital, DMU DREAM, AP-HP, 6 Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université School of Medicine, Paris, France
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