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Nakka S, Raza A, Chaitanya KS, Bandaru NVMR, Chandu A, Murugesan S, Devunuri N, Sharma AK, Chandrasekhar KVG. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel quinoxaline aryl ethers as anticancer agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14502. [PMID: 38453260 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized thirty novel quinoxaline aryl ethers as anticancer agents, and the structures of final compounds were confirmed with various analytical techniques like Mass, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, FTIR, and elemental analyses. The compounds were tested against three cancer cell lines: colon cancer (HCT-116), breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), prostate cancer (DU-145), and one normal cell line: human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK-293). The obtained results indicate that two compounds, FQ and MQ, with IC50 values < 16 μM, were the most active compounds. Molecular docking studies revealed the binding of FQ and MQ molecules in the active site of the c-Met kinase (PDB ID: 3F66, 1.40 Å). Furthermore, QikProp ADME prediction and the MDS analysis preserved those critical docking data of both compounds, FQ and MQ. Western blotting was used to confirm the impact of the compounds FQ and MQ on the inhibition of the c-Met kinase receptor. The apoptosis assays were performed to investigate the mechanism of cell death for the most active compounds, FQ and MQ. The Annexin V/7-AAD assay indicated apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with FQ and MQ, with FQ (21.4%) showing a higher efficacy in killing MDA-MB-231 cells than MQ (14.25%). The Caspase 3/7 7-AAD assay further supported these findings, revealing higher percentages of apoptotic cells for FQ-treated MDA-MB-231 cells (41.8%). The results obtained from the apoptosis assay conclude that FQ exhibits better anticancer activity against MDA-MB-231 cells than MQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinuvasu Nakka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research University (VFSTR), Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Asif Raza
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kosana Sai Chaitanya
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Ala Chandu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nagaraju Devunuri
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research University (VFSTR), Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Nugent TC, Goswami F, Debnath S, Hussain I, Ali El Damrany Hussein H, Karn A, Nakka S. Harnessing Additional Capability from in Water Reaction Conditions: Aldol
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Knoevenagel Chemoselectivity. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. Nugent
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen 28759 Bremen Germany
| | - Falguni Goswami
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen 28759 Bremen Germany
| | - Samarpita Debnath
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen 28759 Bremen Germany
| | - Ishtiaq Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy Abbottabad University of Science and Technology Havelian Abbottabad 22010 Pakistan
| | | | - Alka Karn
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen 28759 Bremen Germany
| | - Srinuvasu Nakka
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen 28759 Bremen Germany
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Chittimalla S, Nakka S, Koodalingam M, Bandi C. N-Arylation of Heterocycles by a Tandem Aza-Michael Addition Reaction and Aromatization Sequence. Synlett 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1588538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one derivatives, upon reaction with N-heterocycles in the presence of scandium(III) triflate, underwent a tandem Michael addition reaction followed by aromatization of the Michael adduct generated in situ to give N-aryl heterocycles in good yields. Because of the ready accessibility of variously substituted cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ones, a range of N-aryl heterocycles have become available.
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Kasthuri M, Nakka S, Babu HS, Sudhakar C, Venkatanarayana M, Kumar PVN. BF 3·Et 2O-catalyzed One-pot Synthesis of N, N′-(2-Alkyl-1,3-diarylprop-1-ene-1,3-diyl)diacetamides through a Tandem Aldol–Double Ritter-type Reaction. CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.140634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Senthilvel S, Jayashree B, Mahalakshmi V, Kumar PS, Nakka S, Nepolean T, Hash CT. Development and mapping of simple sequence repeat markers for pearl millet from data mining of expressed sequence tags. BMC Plant Biol 2008; 8:119. [PMID: 19038016 PMCID: PMC2632669 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-8-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is a staple food and fodder crop of marginal agricultural lands of sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian subcontinent. It is also a summer forage crop in the southern USA, Australia and Latin America, and is the preferred mulch in Brazilian no-till soybean production systems. Use of molecular marker technology for pearl millet genetic improvement has been limited. Progress is hampered by insufficient numbers of PCR-compatible co-dominant markers that can be used readily in applied breeding programmes. Therefore, we sought to develop additional SSR markers for the pearl millet research community. RESULTS A set of new pearl millet SSR markers were developed using available sequence information from 3520 expressed sequence tags (ESTs). After clustering, unigene sequences (2175 singlets and 317 contigs) were searched for the presence of SSRs. We detected 164 sequences containing SSRs (at least 14 bases in length), with a density of one per 1.75 kb of EST sequence. Di-nucleotide repeats were the most abundant followed by tri-nucleotide repeats. Ninety primer pairs were designed and tested for their ability to detect polymorphism across a panel of 11 pairs of pearl millet mapping population parental lines. Clear amplification products were obtained for 58 primer pairs. Of these, 15 were monomorphic across the panel. A subset of 21 polymorphic EST-SSRs and 6 recently developed genomic SSR markers were mapped using existing mapping populations. Linkage map positions of these EST-SSR were compared by homology search with mapped rice genomic sequences on the basis of pearl millet-rice synteny. Most new EST-SSR markers mapped to distal regions of linkage groups, often to previous gaps in these linkage maps. These new EST-SSRs are now are used by ICRISAT in pearl millet diversity assessment and marker-aided breeding programs. CONCLUSION This study has demonstrated the potential of EST-derived SSR primer pairs in pearl millet. As reported for other crops, EST-derived SSRs provide a cost-saving marker development option in pearl millet. Resources developed in this study have added a sizeable number of useful SSRs to the existing repertoire of circa 100 genomic SSRs that were previously available to pearl millet researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Senthilvel
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, 502 324, India
| | - B Jayashree
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, 502 324, India
| | - V Mahalakshmi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, 502 324, India
| | - P Sathish Kumar
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, 502 324, India
| | - S Nakka
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, 502 324, India
| | - T Nepolean
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, 502 324, India
| | - CT Hash
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, 502 324, India
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