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Soundararajan R, Vanka S, Gupta P, Chhabra M, Rana P, Gulati A, Das CK, Gupta P, Saikia UN, Yadav TD, Gupta V, Kaman L, Singh H, Irrinki S, Dutta U, Sandhu MS. Gastrointestinal involvement in gallbladder cancer: Computed tomography findings and proposal of a classification system. Indian J Gastroenterol 2023; 42:708-712. [PMID: 37318744 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-023-01388-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is relatively scarce data on the computed tomography (CT) detection of gastrointestinal (GI) involvement in gallbladder cancer (GBC). We aim to assess the GI involvement in GBC on CT and propose a CT-based classification. METHODS This retrospective study comprized consecutive patients with GBC who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) for staging between January 2019 and April 2022. Two radiologists evaluated the CT images independently for the morphological type of GBC and the presence of GI involvement. GI involvement was classified into probable involvement, definite involvement and GI fistulization. The incidence of GI involvement and the association of GI involvement with the morphological type of GBC was evaluated. In addition, the inter-observer agreement for GI involvement was assessed. RESULTS Over the study period, 260 patients with GBC were evaluated. Forty-three (16.5%) patients had GI involvement. Probable GI involvement, definite GI involvement and GI fistulization were seen in 18 (41.9%), 19 (44.2%) and six (13.9%) patients, respectively. Duodenum was the most common site of involvement (55.8%), followed by hepatic flexure (23.3%), antropyloric region (9.3%) and transverse colon (2.3%). There was no association between GI involvement and morphological type of GBC. There was substantial to near-perfect agreement between the two radiologists for the overall GI involvement (k = 0.790), definite GI involvement (k = 0.815) and GI fistulization (k = 0.943). There was moderate agreement (k = 0.567) for probable GI involvement. CONCLUSION GBC frequently involves the GI tract and CT can be used to categorize the GI involvement. However, the proposed CT classification needs validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuraman Soundararajan
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Srivardhan Vanka
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India.
| | - Manika Chhabra
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Pratyaksha Rana
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Ajay Gulati
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Chandan K Das
- Department of Clinical Hematology and Medical Oncology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Parikshaa Gupta
- Department of Cytology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Uma Nahar Saikia
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Thakur Deen Yadav
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Lileswar Kaman
- Department General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Harjeet Singh
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Santosh Irrinki
- Department General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Usha Dutta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
| | - Manavjit Singh Sandhu
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160 012, India
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Sadaf SM, Zhao S, Wu Y, Ra YH, Liu X, Vanka S, Mi Z. An AlGaN Core-Shell Tunnel Junction Nanowire Light-Emitting Diode Operating in the Ultraviolet-C Band. Nano Lett 2017; 17:1212-1218. [PMID: 28081598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b05002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To date, semiconductor light emitting diodes (LEDs) operating in the deep ultraviolet (UV) spectral range exhibit very low efficiency due to the presence of large densities of defects and extremely inefficient p-type conduction of conventional AlGaN quantum well heterostructures. We have demonstrated that such critical issues can be potentially addressed by using nearly defect-free AlGaN tunnel junction core-shell nanowire heterostructures. The core-shell nanowire arrays exhibit high photoluminescence efficiency (∼80%) in the UV-C band at room temperature. With the incorporation of an epitaxial Al tunnel junction, the p-(Al)GaN contact-free nanowire deep UV LEDs showed nearly one order of magnitude reduction in the device resistance, compared to the conventional nanowire p-i-n device. The unpackaged Al tunnel junction deep UV LEDs exhibit an output power >8 mW and a peak external quantum efficiency ∼0.4%, which are nearly one to two orders of magnitude higher than previously reported AlGaN nanowire devices. Detailed studies further suggest that the maximum achievable efficiency is limited by electron overflow and poor light extraction efficiency due to the TM polarized emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Sadaf
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - S Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Y-H Ra
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - X Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - S Vanka
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University , 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Z Mi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Photonics and Multiscale Nanomaterials, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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AlOtaibi B, Fan S, Vanka S, Kibria MG, Mi Z. A Metal-Nitride Nanowire Dual-Photoelectrode Device for Unassisted Solar-to-Hydrogen Conversion under Parallel Illumination. Nano Lett 2015; 15:6821-6828. [PMID: 26360182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A dual-photoelectrode device, consisting of a photoanode and photocathode with complementary energy bandgaps, has long been perceived as an ideal scheme for achieving high efficiency, unassisted solar-driven water splitting. Previously reported 2-photon tandem devices, however, generally exhibit an extremely low efficiency (<0.1%), which has been largely limited by the incompatibility between the two photoelectrode materials. Here we show that the use of metal-nitride nanowire photoelectrodes, together with the scheme of parallel illumination by splitting the solar spectrum spatially and spectrally, can break the efficiency bottleneck of conventional 2-photon tandem devices. We have first investigated a dual-photoelectrode device consisting of a GaN nanowire photoanode and an InGaN nanowire photocathode, which exhibited an open circuit potential of 1.3 V and nearly 20-fold enhancement in the power conversion efficiency under visible light illumination (400-600 nm), compared to the individual photoelectrodes in 1 mol/L HBr. We have further demonstrated a dual-photoelectrode device consisting of parallel-connected metal-nitride nanowire photoanodes and a Si/InGaN nanowire photocathode, which can perform unassisted, direct solar-to-hydrogen conversion. A power conversion efficiency of 2% was measured under AM1.5G 1 sun illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- B AlOtaibi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - S Fan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - S Vanka
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - M G Kibria
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Z Mi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University 3480 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E9, Canada
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