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Annenkov VV, Pal'shin VA, Annenkova NV, Zelinskiy SN, Danilovtseva EN. Uptake and Effects of Nanoplastics on the Dinoflagellate Gymnodinium corollarium. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023; 42:1124-1133. [PMID: 36920033 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plastic nanoparticles (NPs) are the final state of plastic degradation in the environment before they disintegrate into low-molecular-weight organic compounds. Unicellular organisms are highly sensitive to the toxic effects of nanoplastics, because they are often capable of phagotrophy but are unable to consume a foreign material such as synthetic plastic. We studied the effect of polystyrene, poly(vinyl chloride), poly(methyl acrylate), and poly(methyl methacrylate) NPs on the photosynthetic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium corollarium Sundström, Kremp et Daugbjerg. Fluorescent tagged particles were used to visualize plastic capture by dinoflagellate cells. We found that these dinoflagellates are capable of phagotrophic nutrition and thus should be regarded as mixotrophic species. This causes their susceptibility to the toxic effects of plastic NPs. Living cells ingest plastic NPs and accumulate in the cytoplasm as micrometer-level aggregates, probably in food vacuoles. The action of nanoplastics leads to a dose-dependent increase in the level of reactive oxygen species in dinoflagellate cells, indicating plastic degradation in the cells. The introduction of a methyl group into the main chain in the α-position in the case of poly(methyl methacrylate) causes a drastic reduction in toxicity. We expect that such NPs can be a tool for testing unicellular organisms in terms of heterotrophic feeding ability. We suggest a dual role of dinoflagellates in the ecological fate of plastic waste: the involvement of nanoplastics in the food chain and its biochemical destruction. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1124-1133. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V Annenkov
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Viktor A Pal'shin
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Nataliia V Annenkova
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Stanislav N Zelinskiy
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Elena N Danilovtseva
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
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Larina LI, Albanov AI, Zelinskiy SN, Annenkov VV, Rusakova IL. Acrylamide derivatives: A dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance study. Magn Reson Chem 2023; 61:277-283. [PMID: 36606331 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Substituted acrylamides have found an extensive application in organic and medical chemistry; therefore, it is very important to get insight into their features such as electronic structure, spectral properties, and stereochemical transformations. A correct interpretation of the chemical behavior and biological activity of these heteroatomic systems is impossible without knowledge of the structure of stereodynamic forms and factors determining their relative stability. The structure and peculiarities of stereodynamic behavior of substituted acrylamides and their model compounds were studied by dynamic and multinuclear 1 H, 13 C, and 15 N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in CDCl3 and DMSO-d6 solution. It has been established that acrylamides in solution are realized as Z- and E-isomers, with the E-rotamer being somewhat predominant. The obtained experimental values of the free activation energy of rotamers vary within 15-17 kcal/mol, depending on the stereochemical structure of the molecule. 15 N NMR spectroscopy is the most reliable and fastest method for determining the structural and stereochemical features of nitrogen-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila I Larina
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I Albanov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | | | - Vadim V Annenkov
- Limnological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Irina L Rusakova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
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Annenkov VV, Danilovtseva EN, Zelinskiy SN, Pal'shin VA. Submicro- and nanoplastics: How much can be expected in water bodies? Environ Pollut 2021; 278:116910. [PMID: 33743272 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plastic particles smaller than 1 μm are considered to be highly dangerous pollutants due to their ability to penetrate living cells. Model experiments on the toxicity of plastics should be correlated with actual concentrations of plastics in natural water. We simulated the natural destruction of polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and poly(methyl methacrylate) in experiments on the abrasion of plastics with small stones. The plastics were dyed in mass with a fluorescent dye, which made it possible to distinguish plastic particles from stone fragments. We found that less than 1% of polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride were converted to submicron size particles. In the case of more rigid poly(methyl methacrylate), the fraction of such particles reaches 11%. The concentration of particles with a diameter less than 1 μm in the model experiments was from 0.7 (polystyrene) to 13 mg/L (poly(methyl methacrylate)), and when transferring the obtained data to real reservoirs, these values should be reduced by several orders of magnitude. These data explain the difficulties associated with the search for nanoplastics in natural waters. The toxicity of such particles to hydrobionts in model experiments was detected for concentrations greater than 1 mg/L, which is unrealistic in nature. Detectable and toxic amounts of nano- and submicron plastic particles in living organisms can be expected only in the case of filter-feeding organisms, such as molluscs, krill, sponges, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V Annenkov
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia.
| | - Elena N Danilovtseva
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Stanislav N Zelinskiy
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Viktor A Pal'shin
- Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Batorskaya Str., 3, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
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Annenkov VV, Aseyev V, Zelinskiy SN, Danilovtseva EN. Imidazole-phosphate polymers: Acid-base properties, association with oligonucleotides and oligosilicates. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Annenkov VV, Gordon R, Zelinskiy SN, Danilovtseva EN. The Probable Mechanism for Silicon Capture by Diatom Algae: Assimilation of Polycarbonic Acids with Diatoms-Is Endocytosis a Key Stage in Building of Siliceous Frustules? J Phycol 2020; 56:1729-1737. [PMID: 32767752 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many organisms including unicellular (diatoms, radiolaria, and chrysophytes), higher plants (rice and horsetail) and animals (sponges) use silica as a main part of skeletons. The bioavailable form of silicon is silicic acid and the mechanism of silicic acid penetration into living cells is still an enigma. Macropinocytosis was assumed as a key stage of the silicon capture by diatoms but assimilation of monomeric silicic acid by this way requires enormous amounts of water to be passed through the cell. We hypothesized that silicon can be captured by diatoms via endocytosis in the form of partially condensed silicic acid (oligosilicates) whose formation on the diatom surface was supposed. Oligosilicates are negatively charged nanoparticles and similar to coils of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). We have synthesized fluorescent tagged PAA as well as several neutral and positively charged polymers. Cultivation of the diatom Ulnaria ferefusiformis in the presence of these polymers showed that only PAA is able to penetrate into siliceous frustules. The presence of PAA in the frustules was confirmed with chromatography and PAA causes various aberrations of the valve morphology. Growth of U. ferefusiformis and two other diatoms in the presence of tri- and tetracarbonic fluorescent tagged acids points to the ability of diatoms to recognize substances that bear four acidic groups and to include them into siliceous frustules. Thus, partial condensation of silicic acid is a plausible first stage of silicon assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V Annenkov
- Limnological Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Bator Str., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Richard Gordon
- Gulf Specimen Marine Laboratory & Aquarium, 222 Clark Drive, Panacea, Florida, 32346, USA
- C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth &, Development Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University, 275 E. Hancock, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Stanislav N Zelinskiy
- Limnological Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Bator Str., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Elena N Danilovtseva
- Limnological Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Bator Str., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
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Danilovtseva EN, Zelinskiy SN, Pal’shin VA, Kandasamy G, Krishnan UM, Annenkov VV. Poly(1-vinylimidazole) Prospects in Gene Delivery. Chin J Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Danilovtseva EN, Pal'shin VA, Krishnan UM, Annenkov VV, Zelinskiy SN. Tagging synthetic polymers with coumarin group for study nucleic acid interaction with gene delivery agents. MethodsX 2019; 6:212-218. [PMID: 30766801 PMCID: PMC6360603 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric amines and complex amine containing system are actively studied and applied as gene delivery agents in gene therapy and genetic engineering. Optimizing polymer – nucleic acid ratio is the key stage in elaboration of procedures in this area. Application of fluorescent tagged oligonucleotides is widespread approach which allows to visualize nucleic acid in gel electrophoresis experiments and to find conditions of the full binding of the nucleic acid. We suggest to use succinimidyl ester of 7-(diethylamino)coumarin-3-carboxylic acid as an agent for fluorescent labeling of polymeric amines and to use the tagged polymers in optimizing polymer – nucleic acid ratio. This approach allows to see unbound polymer and to study various nucleic acids in interaction with the same polymer. Labeling of gene delivery agents with fluorescence groups increases efficiency of optimization of gene delivery compositions. Polymeric amines tagged with succinimidyl ester of 7-(diethylamino)coumarin-3-carboxylic acid are suitable for study polymer – nucleic acid interaction with gel electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N. Danilovtseva
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Viktor A. Pal'shin
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Uma M. Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vadim V. Annenkov
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Stanislav N. Zelinskiy
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
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Zelinskiy SN, Danilovtseva EN, Palshin VA, Krishnan UM, Annenkov VV. Reagents for labeling with pH-independent fluorescein-based tags. ARKIVOC 2018. [DOI: 10.24820/ark.5550190.p010.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Annenkov VV, Krishnan UM, Pal'shin VA, Zelinskiy SN, Kandasamy G, Danilovtseva EN. Design of Oligonucleotide Carriers: Importance of Polyamine Chain Length. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1297. [PMID: 30961222 PMCID: PMC6401700 DOI: 10.3390/polym10121297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amine containing polymers are extensively studied as special carriers for short-chain RNA (13⁻25 nucleotides), which are applied as gene silencing agents in gene therapy of various diseases including cancer. Elaboration of the oligonucleotide carriers requires knowledge about peculiarities of the oligonucleotide⁻polymeric amine interaction. The critical length of the interacting chains is an important parameter which allows us to design sophisticated constructions containing oligonucleotide binding segments, solubilizing, protective and aiming parts. We studied interactions of (TCAG)n, n = 1⁻6 DNA oligonucleotides with polyethylenimine and poly(N-(3-((3-(dimethylamino)propyl)(methyl)amino)propyl)-N-methylacrylamide). The critical length for oligonucleotides in interaction with polymeric amines is 8⁻12 units and complexation at these length can be accompanied by "all-or-nothing" effects. New dimethylacrylamide based polymers with grafted polyamine chains were obtained and studied in complexation with DNA and RNA oligonucleotides. The most effective interaction and transfection activity into A549 cancer cells and silencing efficiency against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was found for a sample with average number of nitrogens in polyamine chain equal to 27, i.e., for a sample in which all grafted chains are longer than the critical length for polymeric amine⁻oligonucleotide complexation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V Annenkov
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk 664033, Russia.
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Viktor A Pal'shin
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk 664033, Russia.
| | - Stanislav N Zelinskiy
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk 664033, Russia.
| | - Gayathri Kandasamy
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Elena N Danilovtseva
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk 664033, Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V. Annenkov
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3; Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk 664033 Russia
| | - Ol'ga N. Verkhozina
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3; Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk 664033 Russia
| | - Stanislav N. Zelinskiy
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3; Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk 664033 Russia
| | - Tatyana A. Shishlyannikova
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3; Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk 664033 Russia
| | | | - Elena N. Danilovtseva
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3; Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk 664033 Russia
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Zelinskiy SN, Danilovtseva EN, Kandasamy G, Pal’shin VA, Shishlyannikova TA, Krishnan UM, Annenkov VV. Poly(vinyl amine) as a matrix for a new class of polymers. e-Polymers 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2018-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPoly(vinyl amine) was utilized as a matrix for the synthesis of polymers bearing short polyamine chains (1–3 amine groups) grafted to the main macromolecular chain with long (eight atoms) spacers. The new polymers were characterized with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, size exclusion chromatography and potentiometry. Poly(vinyl amine) was applied in the form of narrow molecular mass fractions and the modification proceeded without destruction of the main chain. Condensation of silicic acid in the presence of the polymeric amines gives rise to composite nanoparticles which are stable in aqueous medium. New polymers and composite nanoparticles effectively complex with DNA and RNA oligonucleotides and were found to display good internalization in cancer cells which indicates their promise towards gene delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav N. Zelinskiy
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Elena N. Danilovtseva
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Gayathri Kandasamy
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Viktor A. Pal’shin
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Tatyana A. Shishlyannikova
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vadim V. Annenkov
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Batorskaya St., P.O. Box 278, Irkutsk 664033, Russia, e-mail:
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Annenkov VV, Krishnan UM, Pal’shin VA, Zelinskiy SN, Kandasamy G, Danilovtseva EN. Bioinspired Water-soluble Polymers with Grafted Polyamine Chains: Synthesis and Complexation with Oligonucleotides. Chin J Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Annenkov V, Danilovtseva EN, Pal'shin VA, Verkhozina ON, Zelinskiy SN, Krishnan UM. Silicic acid condensation under the influence of water-soluble polymers: from biology to new materials. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01310h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicic acid condensation under the influence of functional polymers is reviewed starting from biology to new materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V. Annenkov
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Irkutsk
- Russia
| | - Elena N. Danilovtseva
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Irkutsk
- Russia
| | - Viktor A. Pal'shin
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Irkutsk
- Russia
| | - Ol'ga N. Verkhozina
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Irkutsk
- Russia
| | - Stanislav N. Zelinskiy
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Irkutsk
- Russia
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB)
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- SASTRA University
- Thanjavur – 613401
- India
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Danilovtseva EN, Verkhozina ON, Zelinskiy SN, Ivanov NA, Tsiganov PY, Basharina TN, Annenkov VV. New fluorescent derivatives of oligopropylamines. ARKIVOC 2013. [DOI: 10.3998/ark.5550190.0014.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Saraev VV, Kraikivskii PB, Annenkov VV, Zelinskiy SN, Matveev DA, Vilms AI, Danilovtseva EN, Lammertsma K. Catalysis of olefin oligomerization by Ni(I) complexes. ARKIVOC 2005. [DOI: 10.3998/ark.5550190.0006.f07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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