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Sanchez-Vera V, Kenchappa CS, Landberg K, Bressendorff S, Schwarzbach S, Martin T, Mundy J, Petersen M, Thelander M, Sundberg E. Autophagy is required for gamete differentiation in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Autophagy 2017; 13:1939-1951. [PMID: 28837383 PMCID: PMC5788497 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1366406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a major catabolic process in eukaryotes, was initially related to cell tolerance to nutrient depletion. In plants autophagy has also been widely related to tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses (through the induction or repression of programmed cell death, PCD) as well as to promotion of developmentally regulated PCD, starch degradation or caloric restriction important for life span. Much less is known regarding its role in plant cell differentiation. Here we show that macroautophagy, the autophagy pathway driven by engulfment of cytoplasmic components by autophagosomes and its subsequent degradation in vacuoles, is highly active during germ cell differentiation in the early diverging land plant Physcomitrella patens. Our data provide evidence that suppression of ATG5-mediated autophagy results in reduced density of the egg cell-mediated mucilage that surrounds the mature egg, pointing toward a potential role of autophagy in extracellular mucilage formation. In addition, we found that ATG5- and ATG7-mediated autophagy is essential for the differentiation and cytoplasmic reduction of the flagellated motile sperm and hence for sperm fertility. The similarities between the need of macroautophagy for sperm differentiation in moss and mouse are striking, strongly pointing toward an ancestral function of autophagy not only as a protector against nutrient stress, but also in gamete differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sanchez-Vera
- a Department of Plant Biology , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Linnean Centre of Plant Biology in Uppsala , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Chandra Shekar Kenchappa
- a Department of Plant Biology , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Linnean Centre of Plant Biology in Uppsala , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Katarina Landberg
- a Department of Plant Biology , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Linnean Centre of Plant Biology in Uppsala , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Simon Bressendorff
- b Department of Biology , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen N , Denmark
| | - Stefan Schwarzbach
- a Department of Plant Biology , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Linnean Centre of Plant Biology in Uppsala , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Tom Martin
- a Department of Plant Biology , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Linnean Centre of Plant Biology in Uppsala , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - John Mundy
- b Department of Biology , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen N , Denmark
| | - Morten Petersen
- b Department of Biology , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen N , Denmark
| | - Mattias Thelander
- a Department of Plant Biology , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Linnean Centre of Plant Biology in Uppsala , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Eva Sundberg
- a Department of Plant Biology , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Linnean Centre of Plant Biology in Uppsala , Uppsala , Sweden
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Vodermayer B, Riecke C, Helms N, Schwarzbach S, Reiss N, Gummert J, Welz A, Hirzinger G, Schiller W, Schmid T. Transcutaneous Energy Transfer System (TET) for implantable cardiac assist devices and total artificial hearts. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1268991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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