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Dittrich AJ, Ludewig M, Rodewald S, Braun PG, Wiacek C. Pulsed-Light Treatment of Dried Parsley: Reduction of Artificially Inoculated Salmonella and Impact in Given Quality Parameters. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1421-1432. [PMID: 33793779 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Dried parsley is regularly contaminated with foodborne pathogens, especially Salmonella. Application of contaminated ingredients in ready-to-eat dishes without further thermal treatment represents a considerable health risk. This study examined the suitability of pulsed light as a novel decontamination method of Salmonella in dried parsley, along with the impact on selected quality parameters (chlorophyll content, phenolic compounds, color, and odor) and product characters (temperature and water activity value). Samples were inoculated with one of three Salmonella isolates (Salmonella Cerro or one of two isolates of Salmonella Agona) at two contamination levels of 103 or 107 CFU/g and treated under various experimental factors, including distance to the light source and exposure time, resulting in fluences in the range of 1.8 to 19.9 J/cm2. At selected parameter settings (9.8 and 13.3 J/cm2), the effect of prolonged storage time (48 h) of inoculated samples before treatment on the reduction of Salmonella Cerro was examined. Samples treated at the same fluences were also stored for 35 days at 22 to 25°C. The three Salmonella isolates were significantly reduced by pulsed light (P < 0.05). Reduction factors ranged between 0.3 and 5.2 log CFU with varying sensitivities of the isolates. In general, increasing fluences (depending on exposure time and distance to the light source) resulted in increasing reductions of Salmonella. However, on closer examination, exposure time and distance to the light source had a varying influence on the reduction of the different Salmonella isolates. Decreasing reduction factors were observed by increasing the contamination level and prolonging the storage time of inoculated samples before treatment. No undesirable changes in quality parameters and sensory analysis were detectable at fluences of 9.8 and 13.3 J/cm2, indicating that pulsed light may be a suitable alternative for the decontamination of dried parsley. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Dittrich
- Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz Sachsen-Anhalt, Fachbereich Lebensmittelsicherheit, Freiimfelder Str. 68, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martina Ludewig
- Institute of Food Hygiene, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Steffen Rodewald
- Institute of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peggy G Braun
- Institute of Food Hygiene, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Wiacek
- Institute of Food Hygiene, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Vissiennon C, Hammoud D, Rodewald S, Fester K, Goos KH, Nieber K, Arnhold J. Chamomile Flower, Myrrh, and Coffee Charcoal, Components of a Traditional Herbal Medicinal Product, Diminish Proinflammatory Activation in Human Macrophages. Planta Med 2017; 83:846-854. [PMID: 28264206 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-104391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A traditional herbal medicinal product, containing myrrh, chamomile flower, and coffee charcoal, has been used in Germany for the relief of gastrointestinal complaints for decades. Clinical studies suggest its use in the maintenance therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. However, the pharmacological mechanisms underlying the clinical effects are not yet fully understood.The present study aims to elucidate immunopharmacological activities of myrrh, chamomile flower, and coffee charcoal by studying the influence of each plant extract on gene expression and protein release of activated human macrophages.The plant extracts effect on gene and protein expression of activated human monocyte-derived macrophages was investigated by microarray gene expression analysis and assessment of the release of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators (TNFα, chemokine CXCL13, and interleukin-10) using an ELISA test system.The extracts of myrrh, chamomile flower, and coffee charcoal influenced gene expression of activated human macrophages within the cytokine/chemokine signaling pathway. Particularly, chemokine gene expression was suppressed. Subsequently, the production of CXCL13 and, to a minor extent, cytokine TNFα was inhibited by all herbal extracts. Chamomile flower and coffee charcoal extracts enhanced interleukin-10 release from activated macrophages. The observed effects on protein release were comparable to the effect of budesonide, which decreased TNFα and CXCL13 and enhanced interleukin-10 release.The components of the herbal medicinal product influence the activity of activated human macrophages on both gene and protein level. The induced alterations within chemokine/cytokine signaling could contribute to a positive effect on the immunological homeostasis, which is disturbed in patients with chronic intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cica Vissiennon
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig
- REPHA GmbH Biologische Arzneimittel, Langenhagen
| | - Dima Hammoud
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig
- Institut Régional du Génie Industriel et Biotechnologiques et sciences appliquées (IRGIB-Africa), Cotonou, République du Bénin
| | | | - Karin Fester
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Pharmacy, Leipzig
| | | | - Karen Nieber
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Pharmacy, Leipzig
| | - Jürgen Arnhold
- University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig
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Gau J, Prévost M, Van Antwerpen P, Sarosi MB, Rodewald S, Arnhold J, Flemmig J. Tannins and Tannin-Related Derivatives Enhance the (Pseudo-)Halogenating Activity of Lactoperoxidase. J Nat Prod 2017; 80:1328-1338. [PMID: 28368593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Several hydrolyzable tannins, proanthocyanidins, tannin derivatives, and a tannin-rich plant extract of tormentil rhizome were tested for their potential to regenerate the (pseudo-)halogenating activity, i.e., the oxidation of SCN- to hypothiocyanite -OSCN, of lactoperoxidase (LPO) after hydrogen peroxide-mediated enzyme inactivation. Measurements were performed using 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid in the presence of tannins and related substances in order to determine kinetic parameters and to trace the LPO-mediated -OSCN formation. The results were combined with docking studies and molecular orbital analysis. The -OSCN-regenerating effect of tannin derivatives relates well with their binding properties toward LPO as well as their occupied molecular orbitals. Especially simple compounds like ellagic acid or methyl gallate and the complex plant extract were found as potent enzyme-regenerating compounds. As the (pseudo-)halogenating activity of LPO contributes to the maintenance of oral bacterial homeostasis, the results provide new insights into the antibacterial mode of action of tannins and related compounds. Furthermore, chemical properties of the tested compounds that are important for efficient enzyme-substrate interaction and regeneration of the -OSCN formation by LPO were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Gau
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig , Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Jürgen Arnhold
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig , Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Flemmig
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig , Härtelstraße 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
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Debebe T, Holtze S, Morhart M, Hildebrandt TB, Rodewald S, Huse K, Platzer M, Wyohannes D, Yirga S, Lemma A, Thieme R, König B, Birkenmeier G. Analysis of cultivable microbiota and diet intake pattern of the long-lived naked mole-rat. Gut Pathog 2016; 8:25. [PMID: 27239229 PMCID: PMC4884373 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-016-0107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A variety of microbial communities exist throughout the human and animal body. Genetics, environmental factors and long-term dietary habit contribute to shaping the composition of the gut microbiota. For this reason the study of the gut microbiota of a mammal exhibiting an extraordinary life span is of great importance. The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) is a eusocial mammal known for its longevity and cancer resistance. METHODS Here we analyzed its gut microbiota by cultivating the bacteria under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and identifying their species by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Altogether, 29 species of microbes were identified, predominantly belonging to Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. The most frequent species were Bacillus megaterium (45.2 %), followed by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (19.4 %), Bacteroides ovatus, Staphylococcus sciuri and Paenibacillus spp., each with a frequency of 16.1 %. CONCLUSION Overall, the gut of the naked mole-rat is colonized by diverse, but low numbers of cultivable microbes compared with humans and mice. The primary food plants of the rodents are rich in polyphenols and related compounds, possessing anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative as well as anti-cancer activity which may contribute to their exceptionally healthy life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tewodros Debebe
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany ; Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany ; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Susanne Holtze
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michaela Morhart
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Bernd Hildebrandt
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Huse
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Platzer
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Dereje Wyohannes
- College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Salomon Yirga
- College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Lemma
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rene Thieme
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Brigitte König
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerd Birkenmeier
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Eger K, Hermes M, Uhlemann K, Rodewald S, Ortwein J, Brulport M, Bauer AW, Schormann W, Lupatsch F, Schiffer IB, Heimerdinger CK, Gebhard S, Spangenberg C, Prawitt D, Trost T, Zabel B, Sauer C, Tanner B, Kolbl H, Krugel U, Franke H, Illes P, Madaj-Sterba P, Bockamp EO, Beckers T, Hengstler JG. 4-Epidoxycycline: an alternative to doxycycline to control gene expression in conditional mouse models. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 323:979-86. [PMID: 15381096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.08.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Since the pioneering work by Gossen and Bujard in 1992 demonstrating the usefulness of the Escherichia coli derived tet resistance operon for regulating gene expression a large collection of doxycycline-controlled transgenic mice has been established. Gene switching in eukaryotic tissue culture cells or mice requires administration of tetracycline, anhydrotetracycline or doxycycline to efficiently inactivate the transactivator protein tTA (TET-OFF system) or alternatively to activate the reverse transactivator protein rtTA (TET-ON system). However, the antibiotic activity of doxycycline can create an imbalance of the intestinal flora, resulting in diarrhoea and in a smaller number of animals in colitis. Previous studies reported that 4-epidoxycycline (4-ED), a hepatic metabolite of doxycycline, does not function as an antibiotic in mice. This gave us the idea that 4-ED might be useful for controlling gene expression in mice without the unwanted antibiotic side effect. To study the applicability of 4-ED for control of gene expression we used cell lines expressing the oncogene HER2 under control of tTA (TET-OFF) as well as rtTA (TET-ON). 4-ED and doxycycline were similarly efficient in switching on or -off HER2 expression. In vivo we used a conditional mouse model that allows switching off HER2 in tumor tissue. We show that (i) doxycycline, 7.5mg/ml in drinking water (used as a positive control), (ii) 4-ED, 7.5mg/ml in drinking water, (iii) 4-ED, 10mg/kg body weight, s.c., and (iv) anhydrotetracycline, 10mg/kg, s.c. (used as a second positive control), were similarly efficient. Using mice with tumor volumes of 1.6cm(3) all four schedules led to a tumor remission of more than 95% within 7 days. In conclusion, 4-ED is similarly efficient as doxycycline to control gene expression in vitro and in mice. Since 4-ED lacks the antibiotic activity of doxycycline it may help to avoid adverse side effects and selection of resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Eger
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Leipzig, Germany
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Rodewald S, Fleig J, Maier J. The distribution of grain boundary resistivities in SrTiO3 polycrystals: a comparison between spatially resolved and macroscopic measurements. Ann Ital Chir 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2219(01)00108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rammsayer TH, Rodewald S, Groh D. Dopamine-antagonistic, anticholinergic, and GABAergic effects on declarative and procedural memory functions. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2000; 9:61-71. [PMID: 10666558 DOI: 10.1016/s0926-6410(99)00045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Declarative and procedural memory functions are related to dissociable neuroanatomic substrates. In the present study differential effects of pharmacologically induced changes in dopaminergic, GABAergic, and cholinergic activity in the brain on declarative (object and face recognition, immediate and delayed word recall) and procedural memory processes (compensatory tracking) were investigated. In a double-blind design, either 3 mg of haloperidol, 11 mg of midazolam, 1 mg of scopolamine, or placebo were administered to 80 healthy volunteers randomly assigned to one of the four drug conditions. Although all three drugs produced a detrimental effect on immediate and delayed word recall, recall performance was substantially more impaired by the benzodiazepine midazolam than by either haloperidol or scopolamine. While recognition of faces was affected by neither of the drugs, performance on object recognition was significantly decreased by midazolam as compared to placebo. Procedural learning was markedly impaired by all drugs but, again, the observed effect was most pronounced with midazolam. Additional analyses of measures of subjective activation, cortical arousal, and psychomotor performance argued against the assumption that the observed memory-impairing effects were secondary to drug-induced sedation. The overall pattern of results revealed that memory processes are much more susceptible to changes in GABAergic than in dopaminergic or cholinergic neurotransmitter activity. Furthermore, the present findings point to the conclusion that the modulating effects of dopaminergic, GABAergic, and cholinergic neurotransmitter systems on declarative and procedural memory functions are less specific than suggested by neuropsychological studies in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Rammsayer
- Georg Elias Mueller Institute for Psychology, University of Goettingen, Gosslerstr. 14, D-37073, Goettingen, Germany.
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Cole TE, Quintanilla R, Rodewald S. A Simple and Convenient Method for Synthesizing Trialkoxyboranes and Trialkoxyboroxins Using Calcium Hydride as a Drying Agent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/00945719008049869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Picus D, McAlister WH, Smith E, Rodewald S, Jost RG, Evens RG. Plain radiography with a rare-earth screen: comparison with calcium tungstate screen. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1984; 143:1335-8. [PMID: 6333800 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.143.6.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Plain radiographic examinations were performed on 388 patients (adult and pediatric) using either a calcium tungstate or rare-earth screen. Radiographs were compared for overall image quality, mottle, contrast, density, and detail. The rare-earth screen produced radiographs with significantly more mottle than did the standard screen. However, this was almost never of diagnostic importance. A small but significant decrease in overall image quality also was found with the rare-earth screen. This was the result of minor differences between the grading of optimal and good. A major advantage of rare-earth screens is a 50% or more reduction in radiation exposure. The results here show that rare-earth screens may be used in plain radiographic examinations without a clinically important decrease in image quality.
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