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Portilla Pulido JS, Urbina Duitama DL, Velasquez-Martinez MC, Mendez-Sanchez SC, Duque JE. Differentiation of action mechanisms between natural and synthetic repellents through neuronal electroantennogram and proteomic in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Sci Rep 2022; 12:20397. [PMID: 36437275 PMCID: PMC9701785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural-based compounds with repellent activity arise nowadays with the possibility to replace commercial synthetic repellents wholly or partially, such as N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). It is due to DEET's demonstrated toxicity and cutaneous irritation for human beings. Besides, research recommends avoiding using it with kids and pregnant women. The search for a repellent product implies early stages of detailed research that resolve the modes of action against the target insect. Therefore the objective of the current study was to analyze neuronal electrophysiological signals and olfactory system protein expression when the Aedes aegypti mosquito with exposition to natural-based repellents. Adult females of Ae. aegypti of Rockefeller strain were exposed to specific concentrations of repellent compounds like geranyl acetate, α-bisabolol, nerolidol, and DEET. The neuronal effect was measured by electroantennography technique, and the effect of exposure to either DEET or a mixture of natural molecules on protein expression was determined with 2D-PAGE followed by MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry (MS). This approach revealed that DEET affected proteins related to synapses and ATP production, whereas natural-based repellents increased transport, signaling, and detoxification proteins. The proteomic and electrophysiology experiments demonstrated that repellent exposure disrupts ionic channel activity and modifies neuronal synapse and energy production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Sebastián Portilla Pulido
- grid.411595.d0000 0001 2105 7207Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Facultad de ciencias, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia ,grid.411595.d0000 0001 2105 7207Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales-CINTROP, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander Colombia
| | - Diana Lizeth Urbina Duitama
- grid.411595.d0000 0001 2105 7207Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Facultad de ciencias, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia ,grid.411595.d0000 0001 2105 7207Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales-CINTROP, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander Colombia
| | - María Carolina Velasquez-Martinez
- grid.411595.d0000 0001 2105 7207Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Grupo de investigación en Neurociencias y Comportamiento UIS-UPB, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander Colombia
| | - Stelia Carolina Mendez-Sanchez
- grid.411595.d0000 0001 2105 7207Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Facultad de ciencias, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Jonny Edward Duque
- grid.411595.d0000 0001 2105 7207Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales-CINTROP, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander Colombia
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Portilla-Pulido JS, Castillo-Morales RM, Barón-Rodríguez MA, Duque JE, Mendez-Sanchez SC. Design of a Repellent Against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Using in silico Simulations With AaegOBP1 Protein. J Med Entomol 2020; 57:463-476. [PMID: 31670811 PMCID: PMC7530563 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Skin irritation has been reported to be the main adverse effect of excessive use of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and ethyl 3-acetyl(butyl)amino (IR3535) commercial repellents. Therefore, there is an interest in alternatives of natural origin such as essential oils (EOs) and major compounds, which have repellent effects but have no contraindications. The main purpose of the present study was to identify the repellent effect of selected terpenes on Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, 1762 (Diptera: Culicidae) by in silico analysis based on their affinity with the odorant protein AaegOBP1. The protein-metabolite interactions in 20 terpenes were analyzed using the SwissDock tool. Terpenes presenting the highest affinity compared with commercial repellents were selected to evaluate repellent activity at concentrations 0.1, 10, and 25% against Ae. aegypti. Different periods (0-2, 2-15, 15-60 min) were evaluated with DEET as a positive control. The toxicity of terpenes was verified through Osiris and Molinspiration Cheminformatics Software, and cytotoxicity assays in Vero and HepaRG cells were performed using the MTT method. Two formulations were prepared with polyethylene glycol to evaluate skin long-lasting in vivo assay. The results showed four terpenes: geranyl acetate, nerolidol, α-bisabolol, and nerol, with affinity to AaegOBP1 comparable with DEET and IR3535. Geranyl acetate, nerolidol, and their mixtures showed no cytotoxicity and protection percentages close to 100% during the test at concentrations 10 and 25%. Long-lasting assays with geranyl acetate and nerolidol formulate showed 3 h as maximum protection time with 100% protection percentage. These metabolites and their mixtures are candidates to repellent formulations with times and protection percentages similar to DEET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Sebastián Portilla-Pulido
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM). Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga A.A., Colombia
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales - CINTROP. Facultad de Salud. Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Guatiguará Technology and Research Park, Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia
| | - Ruth Mariela Castillo-Morales
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales - CINTROP. Facultad de Salud. Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Guatiguará Technology and Research Park, Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia
| | | | - Jonny Edward Duque
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales - CINTROP. Facultad de Salud. Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Guatiguará Technology and Research Park, Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia
| | - Stelia Carolina Mendez-Sanchez
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM). Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga A.A., Colombia
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Castillo-Morales RM, Carreño Otero AL, Mendez-Sanchez SC, Da Silva MAN, Stashenko EE, Duque JE. Mitochondrial affectation, DNA damage and AChE inhibition induced by Salvia officinalis essential oil on Aedes aegypti larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 221:29-37. [PMID: 30905844 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research study was to understand the mechanism of action of Salvia officinalis (Lamiaceae) essential oil (EO) on Aedes aegypti larvae. We evaluated the effect on DNA damage, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and mitochondrial enzymatic alterations. The major components were analyzed in silico using OSIRIS and Molispiration free software. Aedes aegypti DNA was extracted from mosquito larvae between third (L3) and fourth (L4) instars to determine the DNA fragmentation or degradation at S. officinalis EO lethal concentrations (LC10, LC20, LC50, and LC90). DNA integrity was assessed in both LCs in larvae treated for 24 h and in larvae homogenized with EO; we also assessed purified DNA larvae by a densitometric analysis. The AChE inhibition was quantified in protein larvae L3-L4 following Ellman's method and the enzymatic activities related to the mitochondrial respiratory chain of mitochondrial proteins was estimated by spectrophotometry. In silico analysis of 1,8-cineol and of α-thujone, major EO components, showed that they were highly permeable in biological membranes without mutagenic risks. Alterations in the integrity of DNA were observed in larvae exposed and homogenized with S. officinalis EO. The EO induced an AChE inhibition of 37 ± 2.6% to IC50. On the other hand, mitochondrial bioenergetics suggest that EO inhibits electrons entry to the respiratory chain, via Complex II. AChE activity alteration causes mortality of individuals, by blocking the insect cholinergic functions. These results indicate that EO affects the integrity of DNA, the mitochondrial respiration chain and the AChE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Mariela Castillo-Morales
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales - CINTROP, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Aurora L Carreño Otero
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Biomolecular-LQOBio, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Química, Centro de Investigaciónes en Enfermedades Tropicales - CINTROP, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
| | - Stelia Carolina Mendez-Sanchez
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología-GIBIM, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
| | - Mario Antônio Navarro Da Silva
- Laboratório de Morfologia e Fisiologia de Culicidae e Chironomidae, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Zoología, Pós-graduação em Entomología, PO Box 19020, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Elena E Stashenko
- Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas-CIBIMOL, Centro Nacional de Investigación para la Agroindustrialización de Plantas Aromáticas y Medicinales Tropicales - CENIVAM, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.
| | - Jonny E Duque
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales - CINTROP, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Industrial de Santander Parque Tecnológico y de Investigaciones Guatiguara, Km 2 Vía El Refugio, Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia.
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Álvarez Santos MR, Bueno Duarte Y, Güiza FM, Romero Bohórquez AR, Mendez-Sanchez SC. Effects of new tetrahydroquinoline-isoxazole hybrids on bioenergetics of hepatocarcinoma Hep-G2 cells and rat liver mitochondria. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 302:164-171. [PMID: 30738022 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
New molecular hybrids were synthesized by combining tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) and isoxazole (ISX) scaffolds, in search for chemical structures with improved pharmacological properties. Our tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) and isoxazole (ISX) hybrids differ in the X and Y substituents: FM53 (X = H; Y= H), FM49 (X = CH3; Y= OCH3), FM50 (X = Cl; Y= H) and FM48 (X = Cl; Y= OCH3). Aiming at exploring their bioactivity in liver cancer cells, in this paper we report the effect of four THQ-ISX hybrids on viability, respiration and oxidative stress in Hep-G2 human hepatoma cells. In addition, we measured the alterations induced by these compounds on oxygen uptake and respiratory chain enzymes in isolated mitochondria. Cell viability assay indicated that these THQ-ISX hybrids displayed antiproliferative activity on Hep-G2 cells. Among these, FM50 (IC50 = 5.2 ± 1.9 μM) and FM53 (IC50 = 6.8 ± 0.7 μM) had the highest cytotoxicity. These four hybrids also inhibited the Hep-G2 cells respiration in the uncoupled state, with FM50 decreasing all respiratory states (basal, leak, uncoupled). While only FM49 and FM53 altered the Hep-G2 cells redox function. In terms of mitochondrial bioenergetics, THQ-ISX hybrids decreased the oxygen consumption in state 3 (via complex I and II), and also inhibited NADH oxidase and NADH cytochrome c reductase enzyme activities. In these experiments, the structural homologues FM50 and FM53 had a remarkable inhibitory effect (~50%) with respect to FM49 and FM48. These results show that THQ-ISX hybrids are promising compounds for hepatoma cancer treatment and that the phenyl substituent (Y= H) in the ISX scaffold intensifies both, the cytotoxicity in Hep-G2 cells and, inhibition of electron transport through complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Rocío Álvarez Santos
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología GIBIM, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, A.A. 678, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Yenny Bueno Duarte
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología GIBIM, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, A.A. 678, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Fausto M Güiza
- Grupo de Investigación en Compuestos Orgánicos de Interés Medicinal CODEIM, Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará, Universidad Industrial de Santander, A. A. 678, Piedecuesta, Colombia
| | - Arnold R Romero Bohórquez
- Grupo de Investigación en Compuestos Orgánicos de Interés Medicinal CODEIM, Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará, Universidad Industrial de Santander, A. A. 678, Piedecuesta, Colombia
| | - Stelia Carolina Mendez-Sanchez
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología GIBIM, Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, A.A. 678, Bucaramanga, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Compuestos Orgánicos de Interés Medicinal CODEIM, Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará, Universidad Industrial de Santander, A. A. 678, Piedecuesta, Colombia.
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