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Iglesias SM, Lokareddy RK, Yang R, Li F, Yeggoni DP, David Hou CF, Leroux MN, Cortines JR, Leavitt JC, Bird M, Casjens SR, White S, Teschke CM, Cingolani G. Molecular Architecture of Salmonella Typhimurium Virus P22 Genome Ejection Machinery. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168365. [PMID: 37952769 PMCID: PMC10842050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophage P22 is a prototypical member of the Podoviridae superfamily. Since its discovery in 1952, P22 has become a paradigm for phage transduction and a model for icosahedral viral capsid assembly. Here, we describe the complete architecture of the P22 tail apparatus (gp1, gp4, gp10, gp9, and gp26) and the potential location and organization of P22 ejection proteins (gp7, gp20, and gp16), determined using cryo-EM localized reconstruction, genetic knockouts, and biochemical analysis. We found that the tail apparatus exists in two equivalent conformations, rotated by ∼6° relative to the capsid. Portal protomers make unique contacts with coat subunits in both conformations, explaining the 12:5 symmetry mismatch. The tail assembles around the hexameric tail hub (gp10), which folds into an interrupted β-propeller characterized by an apical insertion domain. The tail hub connects proximally to the dodecameric portal protein and head-to-tail adapter (gp4), distally to the trimeric tail needle (gp26), and laterally to six trimeric tailspikes (gp9) that attach asymmetrically to gp10 insertion domain. Cryo-EM analysis of P22 mutants lacking the ejection proteins gp7 or gp20 and biochemical analysis of purified recombinant proteins suggest that gp7 and gp20 form a molecular complex associated with the tail apparatus via the portal protein barrel. We identified a putative signal transduction pathway from the tailspike to the tail needle, mediated by three flexible loops in the tail hub, that explains how lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is sufficient to trigger the ejection of the P22 DNA in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephano M Iglesias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locus Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ravi K Lokareddy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ruoyu Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locus Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Fenglin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locus Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Daniel P Yeggoni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locus Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Chun-Feng David Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locus Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Makayla N Leroux
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Juliana R Cortines
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21590-902, Brazil
| | - Justin C Leavitt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mary Bird
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Sherwood R Casjens
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Simon White
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Carolyn M Teschke
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 91 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Gino Cingolani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locus Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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