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Alzahrani SO, McRobbie G, Khan A, D'huys T, Van Loy T, Walker AN, Renard I, Hubin TJ, Schols D, Burke BP, Archibald SJ. trans-IV restriction: a new configuration for metal bis-cyclam complexes as potent CXCR4 inhibitors. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5616-5623. [PMID: 38439632 PMCID: PMC10949960 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01729j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is implicated in multiple diseases including inflammatory disorders, cancer growth and metastasis, and HIV/AIDS. CXCR4 targeting has been evaluated in treating cancer metastasis and therapy resistance. Cyclam derivatives, most notably AMD3100 (Plerixafor™), are a common motif in small molecule CXCR4 antagonists. However, AMD3100 has not been shown to be effective in cancer treatment as an individual agent. Configurational restriction and transition metal complex formation increases receptor binding affinity and residence time. In the present study, we have synthesized novel trans-IV locked cyclam-based CXCR4 inhibitors, a previously unexploited configuration, and demonstrated their higher affinity for CXCR4 binding and CXCL12-mediated signaling inhibition compared to AMD3100. These results pave the way for even more potent CXCR4 inhibitors that may provide significant efficacy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seraj O Alzahrani
- Centre for Biomedicine and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Hull York Medical School and University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Graeme McRobbie
- Centre for Biomedicine and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Hull York Medical School and University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Abid Khan
- Centre for Biomedicine and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Hull York Medical School and University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
- The University of Manchester, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas D'huys
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Van Loy
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ashlie N Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Isaline Renard
- Centre for Biomedicine and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Hull York Medical School and University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Timothy J Hubin
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Dominique Schols
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benjamin P Burke
- Centre for Biomedicine and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Hull York Medical School and University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Stephen J Archibald
- Centre for Biomedicine and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Hull York Medical School and University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
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Renard I, Domarkas J, Poty S, Burke BP, Roberts DP, Goze C, Denat F, Cawthorne CJ, Archibald SJ. In vivo validation of 68Ga-labeled AMD3100 conjugates for PET imaging of CXCR4. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 120-121:108335. [PMID: 37068392 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been shown to be over-expressed in multiple types of cancer and is usually associated with aggressive phenotypes and poor prognosis. Successfully targeting and imaging the expression level of this receptor in tumours could inform treatment selection and facilitate patient stratification. METHODS Known conjugates of AMD3100 that are specific to CXCR4 have been radiolabelled with gallium-68 and evaluated in naïve and tumour-bearing mice. Tumour uptake of the radiotracers was compared to the known CXCR4-specific PET imaging agent, [68Ga]Pentixafor. RESULTS Ex vivo biodistribution in naïve animals showed CXCR4-mediated uptake in the liver with both radiotracers, confirmed by blocking experiments with the high affinity CXCR4 antagonist Cu2CB-Bicyclam (IC50 = 3 nM). PET/CT imaging studies revealed one tracer to have a higher accumulation in the tumour (SUVMean of 0.89 ± 0.14 vs 0.32 ± 0.11). CXCR4-specificity of the best performing tracer was confirmed by administration of a blocking dose of Cu2CB-Bicyclam, showing a 3- and 6-fold decrease in tumour and liver uptake, respectively. CONCLUSION AND ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This initial study offers some interesting insights on the impact of some structural features on the pharmacokinetics and metabolic stability of the radiotracer. Additionally, as Pentixafor only binds to human CXCR4, the development of CXCR4-targeted imaging agents that bind to the receptor across different species could significantly help with preclinical evaluation of new CXCR4-specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaline Renard
- Centre for Biomedicine and PET Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Juozas Domarkas
- Centre for Biomedicine and PET Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Sophie Poty
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Benjamin P Burke
- Centre for Biomedicine and PET Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - David P Roberts
- Centre for Biomedicine and PET Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Christine Goze
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
| | - Franck Denat
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR 6302, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
| | - Christopher J Cawthorne
- Centre for Biomedicine and PET Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK; Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Stephen J Archibald
- Centre for Biomedicine and PET Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
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Price TW, Renard I, Prior TJ, Kubíček V, Benoit DM, Archibald SJ, Seymour AM, Hermann P, Stasiuk GJ. Bn2DT3A, a Chelator for 68Ga Positron Emission Tomography: Hydroxide Coordination Increases Biological Stability of [ 68Ga][Ga(Bn 2DT3A)(OH)] . Inorg Chem 2022; 61:17059-17067. [PMID: 36251390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The chelator Bn2DT3A was used to produce a novel 68Ga complex for positron emission tomography (PET). Unusually, this system is stabilized by a coordinated hydroxide in aqueous solutions above pH 5, which confers sufficient stability for it to be used for PET. Bn2DT3A complexes Ga3+ in a hexadentate manner, forming a mer-mer complex with log K([Ga(Bn2DT3A)]) = 18.25. Above pH 5, the hydroxide ion coordinates the Ga3+ ion following dissociation of a coordinated amine. Bn2DT3A radiolabeling displayed a pH-dependent speciation, with [68Ga][Ga(Bn2DT3A)(OH)]- being formed above pH 5 and efficiently radiolabeled at pH 7.4. Surprisingly, [68Ga][Ga(Bn2DT3A)(OH)]- was found to show an increased stability in vitro (for over 2 h in fetal bovine serum) compared to [68Ga][Ga(Bn2DT3A)]. The biodistribution of [68Ga][Ga(Bn2DT3A)(OH)]- in healthy rats showed rapid clearance and excretion via the kidneys, with no uptake seen in the lungs or bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Price
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, U.K.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K.,Positron Emission Tomography Research Center, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Isaline Renard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K.,Positron Emission Tomography Research Center, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Timothy J Prior
- Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Vojtěch Kubíček
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - David M Benoit
- E.A. Milne Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Stephen J Archibald
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K.,Positron Emission Tomography Research Center, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Anne-Marie Seymour
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Petr Hermann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Graeme J Stasiuk
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, U.K
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Efthimiou N, Thielemans K, Emond E, Cawthorne C, Archibald SJ, Tsoumpas C. Correction to: Use of non-Gaussian time-of-flight kernels for image reconstruction of Monte Carlo simulated data of ultra-fast PET scanners. EJNMMI Phys 2022; 9:14. [PMID: 35201526 PMCID: PMC8873318 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-022-00441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Efthimiou
- PET Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Rd, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. .,Biomedical Imaging Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. .,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 156B John Morgan Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6055, USA.
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elise Emond
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Cawthorne
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Molecular Small Animal Imaging Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephen J Archibald
- PET Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Rd, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Charalampos Tsoumpas
- Biomedical Imaging Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Invicro, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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5
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Barnes C, Nair M, Aboagye EO, Archibald SJ, Allott L. A practical guide to automating fluorine-18 PET radiochemistry using commercially available cassette-based platforms. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00219a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This Tutorial Account aims to be a useful educational resource which describes how to automate fluorine-18 positron emission tomography (PET) radiochemistry using cassette-based automated radiosynthesis platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Barnes
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Manoj Nair
- GE Healthcare, GEMS PET Systems, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stephen J. Archibald
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
- Hull University Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Castle Hill Hospital, Castle Road, Cottingham, HU16 5JQ, UK
| | - Louis Allott
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
- Hull University Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Castle Hill Hospital, Castle Road, Cottingham, HU16 5JQ, UK
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6
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Gandhi R, Cawthorne C, Craggs LJL, Wright JD, Domarkas J, He P, Koch-Paszkowski J, Shires M, Scarsbrook AF, Archibald SJ, Tsoumpas C, Bailey MA. Cell proliferation detected using [ 18F]FLT PET/CT as an early marker of abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:1961-1971. [PMID: 31741324 PMCID: PMC8648642 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a focal aortic dilatation progressing towards rupture. Non-invasive AAA-associated cell proliferation biomarkers are not yet established. We investigated the feasibility of the cell proliferation radiotracer, fluorine-18-fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT) with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in a progressive pre-clinical AAA model (angiotensin II, AngII infusion). METHODS AND RESULTS Fourteen-week-old apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-/-) mice received saline or AngII via osmotic mini-pumps for 14 (n = 7 and 5, respectively) or 28 (n = 3 and 4, respectively) days and underwent 90-minute dynamic [18F]FLT PET/CT. Organs were harvested from independent cohorts for gamma counting, ultrasound scanning, and western blotting. [18F]FLT uptake was significantly greater in 14- (n = 5) and 28-day (n = 3) AAA than in saline control aortae (n = 5) (P < 0.001), which reduced between days 14 and 28. Whole-organ gamma counting confirmed greater [18F]FLT uptake in 14-day AAA (n = 9) compared to saline-infused aortae (n = 4) (P < 0.05), correlating positively with aortic volume (r = 0.71, P < 0.01). Fourteen-day AAA tissue showed increased expression of thymidine kinase-1, equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT)-1, ENT-2, concentrative nucleoside transporter (CNT)-1, and CNT-3 than 28-day AAA and saline control tissues (n = 3 each) (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS [18F]FLT uptake is increased during the active growth phase of the AAA model compared to saline control mice and late-stage AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Gandhi
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, 8.49c Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9NL, United Kingdom
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Cawthorne
- Department of Biomedical Science, PET Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucinda J L Craggs
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, 8.49c Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9NL, United Kingdom
| | - John D Wright
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, 8.49c Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9NL, United Kingdom
- Experimental & PreClinical Imaging Facility (ePIC), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Juozas Domarkas
- Department of Biomedical Science, PET Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biomedical Science, PET Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Koch-Paszkowski
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, 8.49c Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9NL, United Kingdom
- Experimental & PreClinical Imaging Facility (ePIC), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Shires
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew F Scarsbrook
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Archibald
- Department of Biomedical Science, PET Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Charalampos Tsoumpas
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, 8.49c Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9NL, United Kingdom.
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Invicro, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Marc A Bailey
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, 8.49c Worsley Building, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9NL, United Kingdom
- The Leeds Vascular Institute, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Archibald SJ, Allott L. Correction to: The aluminium-[18F]fuoride revolution: simple radiochemistry with a big impact for radiolabelled biomolecules. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2021; 6:32. [PMID: 34559369 PMCID: PMC8463642 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-021-00148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Archibald
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.,Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Castle Hill Hospital, Castle Road, Cottingham, HU16 5JQ, UK
| | - Louis Allott
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. .,Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Castle Hill Hospital, Castle Road, Cottingham, HU16 5JQ, UK.
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8
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Archibald SJ, Allott L. The aluminium-[ 18F]fluoride revolution: simple radiochemistry with a big impact for radiolabelled biomolecules. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2021; 6:30. [PMID: 34436693 PMCID: PMC8390636 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-021-00141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aluminium-[18F]fluoride ([18F]AlF) radiolabelling method combines the favourable decay characteristics of fluorine-18 with the convenience and familiarity of metal-based radiochemistry and has been used to parallel gallium-68 radiopharmaceutical developments. As such, the [18F]AlF method is popular and widely implemented in the development of radiopharmaceuticals for the clinic. In this review, we capture the current status of [18F]AlF-based technology and reflect upon its impact on nuclear medicine, as well as offering our perspective on what the future holds for this unique radiolabelling method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Archibald
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.,Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Castle Hill Hospital, Castle Road, Cottingham, HU16 5JQ, UK
| | - Louis Allott
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. .,Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Castle Hill Hospital, Castle Road, Cottingham, HU16 5JQ, UK.
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9
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Baghdadi NE, Burke BP, Alresheedi T, Nigam S, Saeed A, Almutairi F, Domarkas J, Khan A, Archibald SJ. Multivalency in CXCR4 chemokine receptor targeted iron oxide nanoparticles. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1599-1603. [PMID: 33502425 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02626c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The CXCR4 chemokine receptor is an important biomolecular target in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. In a new multivalent approach, iron oxide nanoparticles were conjugated with multiple binding units of a low affinity azamacrocylic CXCR4 antagonist. The silica coated nanostructure has good suspension stability, a mode size of 72 nm and high affinity for CXCR4, showing >98% inhibition of anti-CXCR4 mAb binding in a receptor binding competition assay on Jurkat cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neazar E Baghdadi
- Centre of Nanotechnology, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Benjamin P Burke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and PET Research Centre, University of Hull Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Tahani Alresheedi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. and Department of Biomedical Sciences and PET Research Centre, University of Hull Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK and Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Art, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shubhanchi Nigam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. and Department of Biomedical Sciences and PET Research Centre, University of Hull Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Abdu Saeed
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farooq Almutairi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. and College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafar Al-Batin, Hafar Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juozas Domarkas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. and Department of Biomedical Sciences and PET Research Centre, University of Hull Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Abid Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and PET Research Centre, University of Hull Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK and Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen J Archibald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK. and Department of Biomedical Sciences and PET Research Centre, University of Hull Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
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10
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Edge SD, Renard I, Pyne E, Li C, Moody H, Roy R, Beavis AW, Archibald SJ, Cawthorne CJ, Maher SG, Pires IM. PI3K inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy for neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy resistant oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Br J Radiol 2021; 94:20201191. [PMID: 33434085 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20201191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (neo-CRT) prior to surgery is the standard of care for oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) patients. Unfortunately, most patients fail to respond to treatment. MiR-187 was previously shown to be downregulated in neo-CRT non-responders, whist in vitro miR-187 overexpression enhanced radiosensitivity and upregulated PTEN. This study evaluates the role of miR-187 and downstream PI3K signalling in radiation response in OAC. METHODS The effect of miR-187 overexpression on downstream PI3K signalling was evaluated in OAC cell lines by qPCR and Western blotting. PTEN expression was analysed in OAC pre-treatment biopsies of neo-CRT responders and non-responders. Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K using GDC-0941 was evaluated in combination with radiotherapy in two-dimensional and three-dimensional OAC models in vitro and as a single agent in vivo. Radiation response in vitro was assessed via clonogenic assay. RESULTS PTEN expression was significantly decreased in neo-CRT non-responders. MiR-187 overexpression significantly upregulated PTEN expression and inhibited downstream PI3K signalling in vitro. GDC-0941 significantly reduced viability and enhanced radiation response in vitro and led to tumour growth inhibition as a single agent in vivo. CONCLUSION Targeting of PI3K signalling is a promising therapeutic strategy for OAC patients who have repressed miR-187 expression and do not respond to conventional neo-CRT. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This is the first study evaluating the effect of PI3K inhibition on radiosensitivity in OAC, with a particular focus on patients that do not respond to neo-CRT. We have shown for the first time that targeting of PI3K signalling is a promising alternative therapeutic strategy for OAC patients who do not respond to conventional neo-CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Edge
- Hypoxia and Tumour Microenvironment Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Isaline Renard
- Positron Emission Tomography Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, UK, Hull, UK
| | - Emily Pyne
- Hypoxia and Tumour Microenvironment Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Chun Li
- Hypoxia and Tumour Microenvironment Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Hannah Moody
- Hypoxia and Tumour Microenvironment Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK.,Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Queen's Centre for Oncology and Haematology, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, UK
| | - Andrew W Beavis
- Faculty of Health and Well Being, Sheffield-Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Medical Physics, Queen's Centre for Oncology, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Cottingham, UK.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Stephen J Archibald
- Positron Emission Tomography Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, UK, Hull, UK
| | - Christopher J Cawthorne
- Positron Emission Tomography Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, UK, Hull, UK.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephen G Maher
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Isabel M Pires
- Hypoxia and Tumour Microenvironment Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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11
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Yap SY, Savoie H, Renard I, Burke BP, Sample HC, Michue-Seijas S, Archibald SJ, Boyle RW, Stasiuk GJ. Synthesis of a porphyrin with histidine-like chelate: an efficient path towards molecular PDT/SPECT theranostics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11090-11093. [PMID: 32812554 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03958f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The goal of "personalised" medicine has seen a growing interest in the development of theranostic agents. Bifunctional, and targeted-trifunctional, theranostic water-soluble porphyrins with a histidine-like chelating group have been synthesised via copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) "click" chemistry in high yield and purity. They are capable of photodynamic treatment and [99mTc(CO)3]+ complexation for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, with a radiochemical yield of >95%. The toxicity and phototoxicity were evaluated on HT-29 cells, DU145, and DU145-PSMA cell lines, with the targeted theranostic showing more potent phototoxicity towards DU145-PSMA expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Y Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Huguette Savoie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Isaline Renard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Benjamin P Burke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Harry C Sample
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Saul Michue-Seijas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Stephen J Archibald
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Ross W Boyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Graeme J Stasiuk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK and Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Fourth Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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12
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Shircliff AD, Burke BP, Davilla DJ, Burgess GE, Okorocha FA, Shrestha A, Allbritton EMA, Nguyen PT, Lamar RL, Jones DG, Gorbet MJ, Allen MB, Eze JI, Fernandez AT, Ramirez D, Archibald SJ, Prior TJ, Krause JA, Oliver AG, Hubin TJ. An ethylene cross-bridged pentaazamacrocycle and its Cu 2+ complex: constrained ligand topology and excellent kinetic stability. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7519-7522. [PMID: 32510060 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00919a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Rigid and topologically constrained ethylene cross-bridged tetraazamacrocycles have been increasingly utilised for thirty years as they form remarkably stable transition metal complexes for catalysis, biomedical imaging, and inorganic drug molecule applications. Extending these benefits to pentaazamacrocycles has been achieved and a first transition metal complex prepared and structurally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Shircliff
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA.
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13
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Day AH, Domarkas J, Nigam S, Renard I, Cawthorne C, Burke BP, Bahra GS, Oyston PCF, Fallis IA, Archibald SJ, Pope SJA. Towards dual SPECT/optical bioimaging with a mitochondrial targeting, 99mTc(i) radiolabelled 1,8-naphthalimide conjugate. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:511-523. [PMID: 31844857 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04024b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of six different 1,8-naphthalimide conjugated dipicolylamine ligands (L1-6) have been synthesised and characterised. The ligands possess a range of different linker units between the napthalimide fluorophore and dipcolylamine chelator which allow the overall lipophilicity to be tuned. A corresponding series of Re(i) complexes have been synthesised of the form fac-[Re(CO)3(L1-6)]BF4. The absorption and luminescence properties of the ligands and Re(i) complexes were dominated by the intramolecular charge transfer character of the substituted fluorophore (typically absorption ca. 425 nm and emission ca. 520 nm). Photophysical assessments show that some of the variants are moderately bright. Radiolabelling experiments using a water soluble ligand variant (L5) were successfully undertaken and optimised with fac-[99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+. Confocal fluorescence microscopy showed that fac-[Re(CO)3(L5)]+ localises in the mitochondria of MCF-7 cells. SPECT/CT imaging experiments on naïve mice showed that fac-[99mTc(CO)3(L5)]+ has a relatively high stability in vivo but did not show any cardiac uptake, demonstrating rapid clearance, predominantly via the biliary system along with a moderate amount cleared renally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam H Day
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK.
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14
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Alshamrani AF, Prior TJ, Burke BP, Roberts DP, Archibald SJ, Higham LJ, Stasiuk G, Redshaw C. Water-Soluble Rhenium Phosphine Complexes Incorporating the Ph 2C(X) Motif (X = O -, NH -): Structural and Cytotoxicity Studies. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2367-2378. [PMID: 31984731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of [ReOCl3(PPh3)2] or [ReO2I(PPh3)2] with 2,2'-diphenylglycine (dpgH2) in refluxing ethanol afforded the air-stable complex [ReO(dpgH)(dpg)(PPh3)] (1). Treatment of [ReO(OEt)I2(PPh3)2] with 1,2,3-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) afforded the complex [ReO(OEt)I2(PTA)2] (2). Reaction of [ReOI2(PTA)3] with dpgH2 led to the isolation of the complex [Re(NCPh2)I2(PTA)3]·0.5EtOH (3·0.5EtOH). A similar reaction but using [ReOX2(PTA)3] (X = Cl, Br) resulted in the analogous halide complexes [Re(NCPh2)Cl2(PTA)3]·2EtOH (4·2EtOH) and [Re(NCPh2)(PTA)3Br2]·1.6EtOH (5·1.6EtOH). Using benzilic acid (2,2'-diphenylglycolic acid, benzH) with 2 afforded the complex [ReO(benz)2(PTA)][PTAH]·EtOH (6·EtOH). The potential for the formation of complexes using radioisotopes with relatively short half-lives suitable for nuclear medicine applications by developing conditions for [Re(NCPh2)(dpg)I(PTA)3] (7)[ReO4]- in a 4 h time scale was investigated. A procedure for the technetium analog of complex [Re(NCPh2)I2(PTA)3] (3) from 99mTc[TcO4]- was then investigated. The molecular structures of 1-7 are reported; complexes 3-7 have been studied using in vitro cell assays (HeLa, HCT116, HT-29, and HEK 293) and were found to have IC50 values in the range of 29-1858 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah F Alshamrani
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of Hull , Cottingham Road , Hull HU6 7RX , U.K.,Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Hull , Cottingham Road , Hull HU6 7RX , U.K
| | - Timothy J Prior
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of Hull , Cottingham Road , Hull HU6 7RX , U.K
| | - Benjamin P Burke
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre , University of Hull , Cottingham Road , Hull HU6 7RX , U.K
| | - David P Roberts
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre , University of Hull , Cottingham Road , Hull HU6 7RX , U.K
| | - Stephen J Archibald
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Hull , Cottingham Road , Hull HU6 7RX , U.K.,Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre , University of Hull , Cottingham Road , Hull HU6 7RX , U.K
| | - Lee J Higham
- School of Natural & Environmental Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU , U.K
| | - Graeme Stasiuk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Hull , Cottingham Road , Hull HU6 7RX , U.K
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , University of Hull , Cottingham Road , Hull HU6 7RX , U.K
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15
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Renard I, Archibald SJ. CXCR4-targeted metal complexes for molecular imaging. Med Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Patinglag L, Esfahani MMN, Ragunathan K, He P, Brown NJ, Archibald SJ, Pamme N, Tarn MD. On-chip electrochemical detection of glucose towards the miniaturised quality control of carbohydrate-based radiotracers. Analyst 2020; 145:4920-4930. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01881f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have developed two microfluidic platforms for the electrochemical detection of glucose, using either a screen-printed electrode or wire electrodes, towards the quality control testing of carbohydrate-based radiotracers used in medical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Patinglag
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
| | | | | | - Ping He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre
| | | | - Stephen J. Archibald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre
| | - Nicole Pamme
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
| | - Mark D. Tarn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre
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17
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López-González FJ, Moscoso A, Efthimiou N, Fernández-Ferreiro A, Piñeiro-Fiel M, Archibald SJ, Aguiar P, Silva-Rodríguez J. Spill-in counts in the quantification of 18F-florbetapir on Aβ-negative subjects: the effect of including white matter in the reference region. EJNMMI Phys 2019; 6:27. [PMID: 31858289 PMCID: PMC6923310 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-019-0258-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aim to provide a systematic study of the impact of white matter (WM) spill-in on the calculation of standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) on Aβ-negative subjects, and we study the effect of including WM in the reference region as a compensation. In addition, different partial volume correction (PVC) methods are applied and evaluated. Methods We evaluated magnetic resonance imaging and 18F-AV-45 positron emission tomography data from 122 cognitively normal (CN) patients recruited at the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Cortex SUVRs were obtained by using the cerebellar grey matter (CGM) (SUVRCGM) and the whole cerebellum (SUVRWC) as reference regions. The correlations between the different SUVRs and the WM uptake (WM-SUVRCGM) were studied in patients, and in a well-controlled framework based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Activity maps for the MC simulation were derived from ADNI patients by using a voxel-wise iterative process (BrainViset). Ten WM uptakes covering the spectrum of WM values obtained from patient data were simulated for different patients. Three different PVC methods were tested (a) the regional voxel-based (RBV), (b) the iterative Yang (iY), and (c) a simplified analytical correction derived from our MC simulation. Results WM-SUVRCGM followed a normal distribution with an average of 1.79 and a standard deviation of 0.243 (13.6%). SUVRCGM was linearly correlated to WM-SUVRCGM (r = 0.82, linear fit slope = 0.28). SUVRWC was linearly correlated to WM-SUVRCGM (r = 0.64, linear fit slope = 0.13). Our MC results showed that these correlations are compatible with those produced by isolated spill-in effect (slopes of 0.23 and 0.11). The impact of the spill-in was mitigated by using PVC for SUVRCGM (slopes of 0.06 and 0.07 for iY and RBV), while SUVRWC showed a negative correlation with SUVRCGM after PVC. The proposed analytical correction also reduced the observed correlations when applied to patient data (r = 0.27 for SUVRCGM, r = 0.18 for SUVRWC). Conclusions There is a high correlation between WM uptake and the measured SUVR due to spill-in effect, and that this effect is reduced when including WM in the reference region. We also evaluated the performance of PVC, and we proposed an analytical correction that can be applied to preprocessed data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier López-González
- Molecular Imaging and Medical Physics Group, Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Alexis Moscoso
- Nuclear Medicine Department and Molecular Imaging Research Group, University Hospital (SERGAS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Nikos Efthimiou
- PET Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Anxo Fernández-Ferreiro
- Pharmacy Department and Pharmacology Group, University Hospital (SERGAS) and Health Research Institute Santiago Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Manuel Piñeiro-Fiel
- Molecular Imaging and Medical Physics Group, Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Stephen J Archibald
- PET Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Pablo Aguiar
- Molecular Imaging and Medical Physics Group, Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain. .,Nuclear Medicine Department and Molecular Imaging Research Group, University Hospital (SERGAS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Jesús Silva-Rodríguez
- Nuclear Medicine Department and Molecular Imaging Research Group, University Hospital (SERGAS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.,R&D Department, Qubiotech Health Intelligence SL, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
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18
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19
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Mayerhoefer ME, Archibald SJ, Messiou C, Staudenherz A, Berzaczy D, Schöder H. MRI and PET/MRI in hematologic malignancies. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:1325-1335. [PMID: 31260155 PMCID: PMC7217155 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of MRI differs considerably between the three main groups of hematological malignancies: lymphoma, leukemia, and myeloma. In myeloma, whole‐body MRI (WB‐MRI) is recognized as a highly sensitive test for the assessment of myeloma, and is also endorsed by clinical guidelines, especially for detection and staging. In lymphoma, WB‐MRI is presently not recommended, and merely serves as an alternative technique to the current standard imaging test, [18F]FDG‐PET/CT, especially in pediatric patients. Even for lymphomas with variable FDG avidity, such as extranodal mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT), contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT), but not WB‐MRI, is presently recommended, despite the high sensitivity of diffusion‐weighted MRI and its ability to capture treatment response that has been reported in the literature. In leukemia, neither MRI nor any other cross‐sectional imaging test (including positron emission tomography [PET]) is currently recommended outside of clinical trials. This review article discusses current clinical applications as well as the main research topics for MRI, as well as PET/MRI, in the field of hematological malignancies, with a focus on functional MRI techniques such as diffusion‐weighted imaging and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI, on the one hand, and novel, non‐FDG PET imaging probes such as the CXCR4 radiotracer [68Ga]Ga‐Pentixafor and the amino acid radiotracer [11C]methionine, on the other hand. Level of Evidence: 5 Technical Efficacy Stage: 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1325–1335.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius E Mayerhoefer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of General and Pediatric Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Christina Messiou
- Department of Radiology, Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Anton Staudenherz
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Berzaczy
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of General and Pediatric Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Heiko Schöder
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, New York, USA
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20
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Soultanidis G, Subiel A, Renard I, Reinhart AM, Green VL, Oelfke U, Archibald SJ, Greenman J, Tulk A, Walker A, Schettino G, Cawthorne CJ. Development of an anatomically correct mouse phantom for dosimetry measurement in small animal radiotherapy research. Phys Med Biol 2019; 64:12NT02. [PMID: 31082807 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab215b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significant improvements in radiotherapy are likely to come from biological rather than technical optimization, for example increasing tumour radiosensitivity via combination with targeted therapies. Such paradigms must first be evaluated in preclinical models for efficacy, and recent advances in small animal radiotherapy research platforms allow advanced irradiation protocols, similar to those used clinically, to be carried out in orthotopic models. Dose assessment in such systems is complex however, and a lack of established tools and methodologies for traceable and accurate dosimetry is currently limiting the capabilities of such platforms and slowing the clinical uptake of new approaches. Here we report the creation of an anatomically correct phantom, fabricated from materials with tissue-equivalent electron density, into which dosimetry detectors can be incorporated for measurement as part of quality control (QC). The phantom also allows training in preclinical radiotherapy planning and cross-institution validation of dose delivery protocols for small animal radiotherapy platforms without the need to sacrifice animals, with high reproducibility. Mouse CT data was acquired and segmented into soft tissue, bone and lung. The skeleton was fabricated using 3D printing, whilst lung was created using computer numerical control (CNC) milling. Skeleton and lung were then set into a surface-rendered mould and soft tissue material added to create a whole-body phantom. Materials for fabrication were characterized for atomic composition and attenuation for x-ray energies typically found in small animal irradiators. Finally cores were CNC milled to allow intracranial incorporation of bespoke detectors (alanine pellets) for dosimetry measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Soultanidis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom. Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
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21
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Burke BP, Miranda CS, Lee RE, Renard I, Nigam S, Clemente GS, D'Huys T, Ruest T, Domarkas J, Thompson JA, Hubin TJ, Schols D, Cawthorne CJ, Archibald SJ. 64Cu PET Imaging of the CXCR4 Chemokine Receptor Using a Cross-Bridged Cyclam Bis-Tetraazamacrocyclic Antagonist. J Nucl Med 2019; 61:123-128. [PMID: 31201250 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.218008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the chemokine receptor chemokine C-X-C motif receptor 4 (CXCR4) plays an important role in cancer metastasis, in autoimmune diseases, and during stem cell-based repair processes after stroke and myocardial infarction. Previously reported PET imaging agents targeting CXCR4 suffer from either high nonspecific uptake or bind only to the human form of the receptor. The objective of this study was to develop a high-stability 64Cu-labeled small-molecule PET agent for imaging both human and murine CXCR4 chemokine receptors. Methods: Synthesis, radiochemistry, stability and radioligand binding assays were performed for the novel tracer 64Cu-CuCB-bicyclam. In vivo dynamic PET studies were performed on mice bearing U87 (CXCR4 low-expressing) and U87.CXCR4 (human-CXCR4 high-expressing) tumors. Biodistribution and receptor blocking studies were performed on CD1-IGS immunocompetent mice. CXCR4 expression on tumor and liver disaggregates was confirmed using a combination of immunohistochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot. Results: 64Cu-CuCB-bicyclam has a high affinity for both the human and the murine variants of the CXCR4 receptor (half-maximal inhibitory concentration, 8 nM [human]/2 nM [murine]) and can be obtained from the parent chelator that has low affinity. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate specific uptake in CXCR4-expressing cells that can be blocked by more than 90% using a higher-affinity antagonist, with limited uptake in non-CXCR4-expressing organs and high in vivo stability. The tracer was also able to selectively displace the CXCR4 antagonists AMD3100 and AMD3465 from the liver. Conclusion: The tetraazamacrocyclic small molecule 64Cu-CuCB-bicyclam has been shown to be an imaging agent for the CXCR4 receptor that is likely to be applicable across a range of species. It has high affinity and stability and is suitable for preclinical research in immunocompetent murine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.,Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia S Miranda
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Rhiannon E Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.,Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Isaline Renard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.,Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Shubhanchi Nigam
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Gonçalo S Clemente
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas D'Huys
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Torsten Ruest
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Juozas Domarkas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.,Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - James A Thompson
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.,Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom; and
| | - Timothy J Hubin
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, Oklahoma
| | | | - Christopher J Cawthorne
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Archibald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom .,Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
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22
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Cain AN, Carder Freeman TN, Roewe KD, Cockriel DL, Hasley TR, Maples RD, Allbritton EMA, D'Huys T, van Loy T, Burke BP, Prior TJ, Schols D, Archibald SJ, Hubin TJ. Acetate as a model for aspartate-based CXCR4 chemokine receptor binding of cobalt and nickel complexes of cross-bridged tetraazamacrocycles. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:2785-2801. [PMID: 30729243 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04728f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A number of disease states including WHIM syndrome, HIV infection and cancer have been linked to the chemokine receptor CXCR4. High-affinity CXCR4 antagonist transition metal complexes of configurationally restricted bis-tetraazamacrocyclic ligands have been identified in previous studies. Recently synthesised and structurally characterised Co2+/Co3+ and Ni2+ acetate complexes of mono-macrocycle cross-bridged ligands have been used to mimic their known coordination interaction with the aspartate side chains on binding to CXCR4. Here, X-ray crystal structures for three Co2+/Co3+ acetate complexes and five Ni2+ acetate complexes are presented and demonstrate flexibility in the mode of binding to the acetate ligand concomitantly with the requisite cis-V-configured cross-bridged tetraazamacrocyle. Complexes of the smaller Co3+ metal ion exclusively bind acetate by chelating both oxygens of acetate. Larger Co2+ and Ni2+ metal ions in cross-bridged tetraazamacrocycles show a clear tendency to coordinate acetate in a monodentate fashion with a coordinated water molecule completing the octahedral coordination sphere. However, in unbridged tetraazamacrocycle acetate structures reported in the literature, the coordination preference is to chelate both acetate oxygens. We conclude that the short ethylene cross-bridge restricts the equatorial bulk of the macrocycle, prompting the metal ion to fill the equator with the larger monodentate acetate plus water ligand set. In unbridged ligand examples, the flexible macrocycle expands equatorially and generally only allows chelation of the sterically smaller acetate alone. These results provide insight for generation of optimised bis-macrocyclic CXCR4 antagonists utilising cobalt and nickel ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy N Cain
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, USA 73096.
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Burke BP, Grantham W, Burke MJ, Nichol GS, Roberts D, Renard I, Hargreaves R, Cawthorne C, Archibald SJ, Lusby PJ. Visualizing Kinetically Robust Co III4L 6 Assemblies in Vivo: SPECT Imaging of the Encapsulated [ 99mTc]TcO 4- Anion. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16877-16881. [PMID: 30485075 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Noncovalent encapsulation is an attractive approach for modifying the efficacy and physiochemical properties of both therapeutic and diagnostic species. Abiotic self-assembled constructs have shown promise, yet many hurdles between in vitro and (pre)clinical studies remain, not least the challenges associated with maintaining the macromolecular, hollow structure under nonequilibrium conditions. Using a kinetically robust CoIII4L6 tetrahedron we now show the feasibility of encapsulating the most widely used precursor in clinical nuclear diagnostic imaging, the γ-emitting [99mTc]TcO4- anion, under conditions compatible with in vivo administration. Subsequent single-photon emission computed tomography imaging of the caged-anion reveals a marked change in the biodistribution compared to the thyroid-accumulating free oxo-anion, thus moving clinical applications of (metallo)supramolecular species a step closer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Burke
- Department of Chemistry , University of Hull , Cottingham Road , Hull HU6 7RX , United Kingdom.,Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre , University of Hull , Cottingham Road , Hull HU6 7RX , United Kingdom
| | - William Grantham
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road , Edinburgh EH9 3FJ , Scotland
| | - Michael J Burke
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road , Edinburgh EH9 3FJ , Scotland
| | - Gary S Nichol
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road , Edinburgh EH9 3FJ , Scotland
| | - David Roberts
- School of Life Sciences , University of Hull , Cottingham Road , Hull HU6 7RX , United Kingdom.,Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre , University of Hull , Cottingham Road , Hull HU6 7RX , United Kingdom
| | - Isaline Renard
- Department of Chemistry , University of Hull , Cottingham Road , Hull HU6 7RX , United Kingdom.,Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre , University of Hull , Cottingham Road , Hull HU6 7RX , United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Hargreaves
- Department of Chemistry , University of Hull , Cottingham Road , Hull HU6 7RX , United Kingdom.,Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre , University of Hull , Cottingham Road , Hull HU6 7RX , United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Cawthorne
- School of Life Sciences , University of Hull , Cottingham Road , Hull HU6 7RX , United Kingdom.,Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre , University of Hull , Cottingham Road , Hull HU6 7RX , United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Archibald
- Department of Chemistry , University of Hull , Cottingham Road , Hull HU6 7RX , United Kingdom.,Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre , University of Hull , Cottingham Road , Hull HU6 7RX , United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Lusby
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road , Edinburgh EH9 3FJ , Scotland
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Mastrogiacomo S, Kownacka AE, Dou W, Burke BP, Rosales RTM, Heerschap A, Jansen JA, Archibald SJ, Walboomers XF. Bisphosphonate Functionalized Gadolinium Oxide Nanoparticles Allow Long-Term MRI/CT Multimodal Imaging of Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800202. [PMID: 30118580 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Direct in vivo monitoring of bioconstructs using noninvasive imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) is not possible for many materials. Calcium phosphate-based composites (CPCs) that are applicable to bone regeneration are an example where the materials have poor MRI and CT contrast; hence, they are challenging to detect in vivo. In this study, a CPC construct is designed with gadolinium-oxide nanoparticles incorporated to act as an MRI/CT multimodal contrast agent. The gadolinium(III) oxide nanoparticles are synthesized via the polyol method and surface functionalized with a bisphosphonate (BP) derivative to give a construct (gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs)-BP) with strong affinity toward calcium phosphate. The CPC-GBCAs-BP functional material is longitudinally monitored after in vivo implantation in a condyle defect rat model. The synthetic method developed produces nanoparticles that are stable in aqueous solution (hydrodynamic diameter 70 nm) with significant T1 and T2 relaxivity demonstrated in both clinical 3 T and preclinical 11.7 T MRI systems. The combination of GBCAs-BP nanoparticles with CPC gives an injectable material with handling properties that are suitable for clinical applications. The BP functionalization prolongs the residence of the contrast agent within the CPC to allow long-term follow-up imaging studies. The useful contrast agent properties combined with biological compatibility indicate further investigation of the novel bone substitute hybrid material toward clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mastrogiacomo
- Department of BiomaterialsRadboud University Medical Center P.O. Box 9101 6500 HB Nijmegen (309) The Netherlands
| | - Alicja E. Kownacka
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Hull Cottingham Road HU6 7RX Hull UK
| | - Weiqiang Dou
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineRadboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10 6525 GA Nijmegen The Netherlands
- GE Healthcare MR Research China Beijing 100176 China
| | - Benjamin P. Burke
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Hull Cottingham Road HU6 7RX Hull UK
| | - Rafael T. M. Rosales
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging SciencesKing's College London London SE1 7EH UK
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineRadboud University Medical Center Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10 6525 GA Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - John A. Jansen
- Department of BiomaterialsRadboud University Medical Center P.O. Box 9101 6500 HB Nijmegen (309) The Netherlands
| | | | - X. Frank Walboomers
- Department of BiomaterialsRadboud University Medical Center P.O. Box 9101 6500 HB Nijmegen (309) The Netherlands
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25
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Aliyu SA, Avery G, Cawthorne C, Archibald SJ, Kadir T, Willaime JMY, Morice AH, Hart SP, Crooks MG. Textural analysis demonstrates heterogeneous [ 18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in radiologically normal lung in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2018; 52:13993003.01138-2018. [PMID: 30262576 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01138-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shamsuddeen A Aliyu
- Respiratory Research Group, Hull York Medical School, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, UK.,PET Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Ged Avery
- Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, UK
| | | | | | - Timor Kadir
- Optellum Ltd, Oxford Centre for Innovation, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Alyn H Morice
- Respiratory Research Group, Hull York Medical School, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, UK
| | - Simon P Hart
- Respiratory Research Group, Hull York Medical School, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, UK
| | - Michael G Crooks
- Respiratory Research Group, Hull York Medical School, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, UK
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26
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Tarn MD, Kızılyer NY, Esfahani MMN, Joshi P, Brown NJ, Pamme N, Jenkins DG, Archibald SJ. Plastic Scintillator-Based Microfluidic Devices for Miniaturized Detection of Positron Emission Tomography Radiopharmaceuticals. Chemistry 2018; 24:13749-13753. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Tarn
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre; University of Hull; Cottingham Road Hull HU6 7RX UK
- School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences; University of Hull; Cottingham Road Hull HU6 7RX UK
- Current address: School of Earth and Environment; University of Leeds; Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Nuray Yavuzkanat Kızılyer
- Department of Physics; University of York; Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
- Current address: Faculty of Art and Science; Bitlis Eren University; Bitlis 13000 Turkey
| | - Mohammad M. N. Esfahani
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre; University of Hull; Cottingham Road Hull HU6 7RX UK
- School of Engineering and Computer Science; University of Hull; Cottingham Road Hull HU6 7RX UK
| | - Pankaj Joshi
- Department of Physics; University of York; Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Nathaniel J. Brown
- School of Engineering and Computer Science; University of Hull; Cottingham Road Hull HU6 7RX UK
| | - Nicole Pamme
- School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences; University of Hull; Cottingham Road Hull HU6 7RX UK
| | - David G. Jenkins
- Department of Physics; University of York; Heslington York YO10 5DD UK
| | - Stephen J. Archibald
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre; University of Hull; Cottingham Road Hull HU6 7RX UK
- School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences; University of Hull; Cottingham Road Hull HU6 7RX UK
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27
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Brewer SM, Wilson KR, Jones DG, Reinheimer EW, Archibald SJ, Prior TJ, Ayala MA, Foster AL, Hubin TJ, Green KN. Increase of Direct C-C Coupling Reaction Yield by Identifying Structural and Electronic Properties of High-Spin Iron Tetra-azamacrocyclic Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:8890-8902. [PMID: 30024738 PMCID: PMC7067264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic ligands have been explored extensively as scaffolds for transition metal catalysts for oxygen and hydrogen atom transfer reactions. C-C reactions facilitated using earth abundant metals bound to macrocyclic ligands have not been well-understood but could be a green alternative to replacing the current expensive and toxic precious metal systems most commonly used for these processes. Therefore, the yields from direct Suzuki-Miyaura C-C coupling of phenylboronic acid and pyrrole to produce 2-phenylpyrrole facilitated by eight high-spin iron complexes ([Fe3+L1(Cl)2]+, [Fe3+L4(Cl)2]+, [Fe2+L5(Cl)]+, [Fe2+L6(Cl)2], [Fe3+L7(Cl)2]+, [Fe3+L8(Cl)2]+, [Fe2+L9(Cl)]+, and [Fe2+L10(Cl)]+) were compared to identify the effect of structural and electronic properties on catalytic efficiency. Specifically, catalyst complexes were compared to evaluate the effect of five properties on catalyst reaction yields: (1) the coordination requirements of the catalyst, (2) redox half-potential of each complex, (3) topological constraint/rigidity, (4) N atom modification(s) increasing oxidative stability of the complex, and (5) geometric parameters. The need for two labile cis-coordination sites was confirmed based on a 42% decrease in catalytic reaction yield observed when complexes containing pentadentate ligands were used in place of complexes with tetradentate ligands. A strong correlation between iron(III/II) redox potential and catalytic reaction yields was also observed, with [Fe2+L6(Cl)2] providing the highest yield (81%, -405 mV). A Lorentzian fitting of redox potential versus yields predicts that these catalysts can undergo more fine-tuning to further increase yields. Interestingly, the remaining properties explored did not show a direct, strong relationship to catalytic reaction yields. Altogether, these results show that modifications to the ligand scaffold using fundamental concepts of inorganic coordination chemistry can be used to control the catalytic activity of macrocyclic iron complexes by controlling redox chemistry of the iron center. Furthermore, the data provide direction for the design of improved catalysts for this reaction and strategies to understand the impact of a ligand scaffold on catalytic activity of other reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Brewer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, 2950 S. Bowie, Fort Worth, TX 76129, United States
| | - Kevin R. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, OK 73096, United States
| | - Donald G. Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, OK 73096, United States
| | - Eric W. Reinheimer
- Rigaku Oxford Diffraction, 9009 New Trails Drive The Woodlands, TX, United States
| | - Stephen J. Archibald
- Department of Chemistry and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Timothy J. Prior
- Department of Chemistry and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Megan A. Ayala
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, OK 73096, United States
| | - Alexandria L. Foster
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, OK 73096, United States
| | - Timothy J. Hubin
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, OK 73096, United States
| | - Kayla N. Green
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, 2950 S. Bowie, Fort Worth, TX 76129, United States
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Miller-Shakesby DM, Nigam S, Hughes DL, Lopez-Estelles E, Elsegood MRJ, Cawthorne CJ, Archibald SJ, Redshaw C. Synthesis, crystal structure, and cytotoxicity studies of titanacalix[4 and 8]arene complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:8992-8999. [PMID: 29922776 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01992d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-dihydroxy-26,28-bis(2-pentoxy)calix[4]arene (L(OH)2(Opentyl)2) with [TiCl4] afforded the dichlorotitanoacalix[4]arene complex [TiCl2L(O)2(Opentyl)2] (1) in good yield. Hydrolysis of 1 led to the isolation of the complex {[TiL(O)3(Opentyl)]2(μ-OH)(μ-Cl)} (2). Reaction of 5,11,17,23,29,35,41,47-p-tert-butyl-49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56-octapropoxycalix[8]arene (L'(Opropyl)8) with [TiCl4] in refluxing toluene afforded, following work-up, a 35 : 65 mixture (3) of the complex [Ti(NCMe)Cl]2[TiCl(μ-O)]2L' and the silicone grease derived complex [Ti(NCMe)Cl]2[Ti(μ-O)]2[OSi(CH3)2OSi(CH3)2O]L' in which the grease replaces two chloride ligands. The molecular structures of 1·2MeCN, 2·7¼MeCN, and 3·10MeCN have been determined. The complexes were studied using in vitro cell assays and were found to have CC50 values in the range 111-186 μM, i.e. they have low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Miller-Shakesby
- Chemistry, School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
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29
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Burke BP, Cawthorne C, Archibald SJ. Multimodal nanoparticle imaging agents: design and applications. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2017; 375:rsta.2017.0261. [PMID: 29038384 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging, where the location of molecules or nanoscale constructs can be tracked in the body to report on disease or biochemical processes, is rapidly expanding to include combined modality or multimodal imaging. No single imaging technique can offer the optimum combination of properties (e.g. resolution, sensitivity, cost, availability). The rapid technological advances in hardware to scan patients, and software to process and fuse images, are pushing the boundaries of novel medical imaging approaches, and hand-in-hand with this is the requirement for advanced and specific multimodal imaging agents. These agents can be detected using a selection from radioisotope, magnetic resonance and optical imaging, among others. Nanoparticles offer great scope in this area as they lend themselves, via facile modification procedures, to act as multifunctional constructs. They have relevance as therapeutics and drug delivery agents that can be tracked by molecular imaging techniques with the particular development of applications in optically guided surgery and as radiosensitizers. There has been a huge amount of research work to produce nanoconstructs for imaging, and the parameters for successful clinical translation and validation of therapeutic applications are now becoming much better understood. It is an exciting time of progress for these agents as their potential is closer to being realized with translation into the clinic. The coming 5-10 years will be critical, as we will see if the predicted improvement in clinical outcomes becomes a reality. Some of the latest advances in combination modality agents are selected and the progression pathway to clinical trials analysed.This article is part of the themed issue 'Challenges for chemistry in molecular imaging'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Burke
- Department of Chemistry, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Christopher Cawthorne
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Stephen J Archibald
- Department of Chemistry, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
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30
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Thompson JA, Domarkas J, Cawthorne C, Archibald SJ, Hart S. P40 Development of 18f and 68ga-labelled cyclic peptides for positron emission tomography imaging of αvβ6 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Thorax 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209333.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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31
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Voulgari E, Bakandritsos A, Galtsidis S, Zoumpourlis V, Burke BP, Clemente GS, Cawthorne C, Archibald SJ, Tuček J, Zbořil R, Kantarelou V, Karydas AG, Avgoustakis K. Synthesis, characterization and in vivo evaluation of a magnetic cisplatin delivery nanosystem based on PMAA-graft-PEG copolymers. J Control Release 2016; 243:342-356. [PMID: 27793687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of anticancer drug delivery systems which retain or enhance the cytotoxic properties of the drug to tumorous tissues, while reducing toxicity to other organs is of key importance. We investigated different poly(methacrylic acid)-g-poly(ethyleneglycol methacrylate) polymers as in situ coating agents for magnetite nanocrystallites. The obtained magnetic nano-assemblies were in turn thoroughly characterized for their structural, colloidal and physicochemical properties (drug loading capacity/release, magnetic field triggered drug release, cell uptake and localization) in order to select the best performing system. With the focus on in vivo validation of such magnetic drug delivery systems for first time, we selected cisplatin as the drug, since it is a potent anticancer agent which exhibits serious side effects due to lack of selectivity. In addition, cisplatin would offer facile determination of the metal content in the animal tissues for biodistribution studies. Alongside post-mortem Pt determination in the tissues, the biodistribution of the drug nanocarriers was also monitored in real time with PET-CT (positron emission tomography/computed tomography) with and without the presence of magnetic field gradients; using a novel chelator-free method, the nanoparticles were radiolabeled with 68Ga without having to alter their structure with chemical modifications for conjugation of radiochelators. The ability to be radiolabeled in such a straightforward but very robust way, along with their measured high MRI response, renders them attractive for dual imaging, which is an important functionality for translational investigations. Their anticancer properties were evaluated in vitro and in vivo, in a cisplatin resistant HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma model, with and without the presence of magnetic field gradients. Enhanced anticancer efficacy and reduced toxicity was recorded for the cisplatin-loaded nanocarriers in comparison to the free cisplatin, particularly when a magnetic field gradient was applied at the tumor site. Post mortem and real-time tissue distribution studies did not reveal increased cisplatin concentration in the tumor site, suggesting that the enhanced anticancer efficacy of the cisplatin-loaded nanocarriers is driven by mechanisms other than increased cisplatin accumulation in the tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece; Regional Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17.listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sotiris Galtsidis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, NHRF, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Benjamin P Burke
- Department of Chemistry and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Gonçalo S Clemente
- Department of Chemistry and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Christopher Cawthorne
- Department of Chemistry and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Stephen J Archibald
- Department of Chemistry and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Jiři Tuček
- Regional Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17.listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17.listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vasiliki Kantarelou
- Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
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Maples RD, Cain AN, Burke BP, Silversides JD, Mewis RE, D'huys T, Schols D, Linder DP, Archibald SJ, Hubin TJ. Aspartate-Based CXCR4 Chemokine Receptor Binding of Cross-Bridged Tetraazamacrocyclic Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes. Chemistry 2016; 22:12916-30. [PMID: 27458983 PMCID: PMC5224883 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The CXCR4 chemokine receptor is implicated in a number of diseases including HIV infection and cancer development and metastasis. Previous studies have demonstrated that configurationally restricted bis-tetraazamacrocyclic metal complexes are high-affinity CXCR4 antagonists. Here, we present the synthesis of Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) acetate complexes of six cross-bridged tetraazamacrocycles to mimic their coordination interaction with the aspartate side chains known to bind them to CXCR4. X-ray crystal structures for three new Cu(2+) acetate complexes and two new Zn(2+) acetate complexes demonstrate metal-ion-dependent differences in the mode of binding the acetate ligand concomitantly with the requisite cis-V-configured cross-bridged tetraazamacrocyle. Concurrent density functional theory molecular modelling studies produced an energetic rationale for the unexpected [Zn(OAc)(H2 O)](+) coordination motif present in all of the Zn(2+) cross-bridged tetraazamacrocycle crystal structures, which differs from the chelating acetate [Zn(OAc)](+) structures of known unbridged and side-bridged tetraazamacrocyclic Zn(2+) -containing CXCR4 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall D Maples
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, 73096, USA
| | - Amy N Cain
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, 73096, USA
| | - Benjamin P Burke
- Department of Chemistry and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Jon D Silversides
- Department of Chemistry and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Ryan E Mewis
- Department of Chemistry and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Thomas D'huys
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique Schols
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Douglas P Linder
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, 73096, USA
| | - Stephen J Archibald
- Department of Chemistry and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Timothy J Hubin
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, 73096, USA.
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Wilson KR, Cannon-Smith DJ, Burke BP, Birdsong OC, Archibald SJ, Hubin TJ. Synthesis and structural studies of two pyridine-armed reinforced cyclen chelators and their transition metal complexes. Polyhedron 2016; 114:118-127. [PMID: 27346907 DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Two novel pyridine pendant-armed macrocycles structurally reinforced by an ethyl bridge, either between adjacent nitrogens (for side-bridged) or non-adjacent nitrogens (for cross-bridged), have been synthesized and complexed with a range of transition metal ions (Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+). X-ray crystal structures of selected cross-bridged complexes were obtained which showed the characteristic cis-V configuration with potential labile cis binding sites. The complexes have been characterized by their electronic spectra and magnetic moments, which show the expected high spin divalent metal complex in most cases. Exceptions are the nickel side-bridged complex, which shows a mixture of high-spin and low spin, and the cobalt cross-bridged complex which has oxidized to cobalt(III). Cyclic voltammetry in acetonitrile was carried out to assess the potential future use of these complexes in oxidation catalysis. Selected complexes offer significant catalytic potential enhanced by the addition of the pyridyl arm to a reinforced cyclen backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, Oklahoma 73096, United States
| | - Desiray J Cannon-Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, Oklahoma 73096, United States
| | - Benjamin P Burke
- Department of Chemistry and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Orry C Birdsong
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, Oklahoma 73096, United States
| | - Stephen J Archibald
- Department of Chemistry and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Timothy J Hubin
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, Oklahoma 73096, United States
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34
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Taggart MP, Tarn MD, Esfahani MMN, Schofield DM, Brown NJ, Archibald SJ, Deakin T, Pamme N, Thompson LF. Development of radiodetection systems towards miniaturised quality control of PET and SPECT radiopharmaceuticals. Lab Chip 2016; 16:1605-1616. [PMID: 27044712 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00099a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability to detect radiation in microfluidic devices is important for the on-chip analysis of radiopharmaceuticals, but previously reported systems have largely suffered from various limitations including cost, complexity of fabrication, and insufficient sensitivity and/or speed. Here, we present the use of sensitive, low cost, small-sized, commercially available silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) for the detection of radioactivity inside microfluidic channels fabricated from a range of conventional microfluidic chip substrates. We demonstrate the effects of chip material and thickness on the detection of the positron-emitting isotope, [(18)F]fluoride, and find that, while the SiPMs are light sensors, they are able to detect radiation even through opaque chip materials via direct positron and gamma (γ) ray interaction. Finally, we employed the SiPM platform for analysis of the PET (positron emission tomography) radiotracers 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) and [(68)Ga]gallium-citrate, and highlight the ability to detect the γ ray emitting SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) radiotracer, [(99m)Tc]pertechnetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Taggart
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK.
| | - Mark D Tarn
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK and Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | | | - Daniel M Schofield
- LabLogic Systems Ltd., Paradigm House, 3 Melbourne Avenue, Broomhill, Sheffield, S10 2QJ, UK
| | - Nathaniel J Brown
- School of Engineering, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Stephen J Archibald
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK and Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Tom Deakin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK. and LabLogic Systems Ltd., Paradigm House, 3 Melbourne Avenue, Broomhill, Sheffield, S10 2QJ, UK
| | - Nicole Pamme
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Lee F Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK.
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35
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Abdulwahaab BH, Burke BP, Domarkas J, Silversides JD, Prior TJ, Archibald SJ. Mono- and Bis-Alkylation of Glyoxal-Bridged Tetraazamacrocycles Using Mechanochemistry. J Org Chem 2016; 81:890-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bassim H. Abdulwahaab
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Positron Emission
Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin P. Burke
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Positron Emission
Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Juozas Domarkas
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Positron Emission
Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Jon D. Silversides
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Positron Emission
Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Prior
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Positron Emission
Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Archibald
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Positron Emission
Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
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36
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Tarn MD, Maneuski D, Alexander R, Brown NJ, O’Shea V, Pimlott SL, Pamme N, Archibald SJ. Positron detection in silica monoliths for miniaturised quality control of PET radiotracers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7221-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00660d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Real-time, high S/N radiodetection of the PET radiotracer, 68Ga-citrate, was achieved on a monolithic column using a miniaturised positron sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Tarn
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | | | | | - Val O’Shea
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow
- UK
| | | | | | - Stephen J. Archibald
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
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37
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Miller-Shakesby DM, Burke BP, Nigam S, Stasiuk GJ, Prior TJ, Archibald SJ, Redshaw C. Synthesis, structures and cytotoxicity studies of p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene lanthanide complexes. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00209a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Nigam S, Burke BP, Davies LH, Domarkas J, Wallis JF, Waddell PG, Waby JS, Benoit DM, Seymour AM, Cawthorne C, Higham LJ, Archibald SJ. Structurally optimised BODIPY derivatives for imaging of mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer and heart cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7114-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08325g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BODIPY based optical imaging agents with mitochondrial membrane potential dependent uptake are described.
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39
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Burke BP, Seemann J, Archibald SJ. Advanced Chelator Design for Metal Complexes in Imaging Applications. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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40
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He P, Burke BP, Clemente GS, Brown N, Pamme N, Archibald SJ. Monolith-based 68Ga processing: a new strategy for purification to facilitate direct radiolabelling methods. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6re00081a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The post-processing of 68Ga generator eluate by means of a novel high capacity cation-exchange silica monolith column has been validated in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping He
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull HU6 7RX
- UK
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre
| | - Benjamin P. Burke
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull HU6 7RX
- UK
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre
| | - Gonçalo S. Clemente
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre
- University of Hull
- Hull HU6 7RX
- UK
| | - Nathan Brown
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre
- University of Hull
- Hull HU6 7RX
- UK
- School of Engineering
| | - Nicole Pamme
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull HU6 7RX
- UK
| | - Stephen J. Archibald
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull HU6 7RX
- UK
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre
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41
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Poty S, Désogère P, Goze C, Boschetti F, D'huys T, Schols D, Cawthorne C, Archibald SJ, Maëcke HR, Denat F. New AMD3100 derivatives for CXCR4 chemokine receptor targeted molecular imaging studies: synthesis, anti-HIV-1 evaluation and binding affinities. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:5004-16. [PMID: 25640878 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02972k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CXCR4 is a target of growing interest for the development of new therapeutic drugs and imaging agents as its role in multiple disease states has been demonstrated. AMD3100, a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist that is in current clinical use as a haematopoietic stem cell mobilising drug, has been widely studied for its anti-HIV properties, potential to inhibit metastatic spread of certain cancers and, more recently, its ability to chelate radiometals for nuclear imaging. In this study, AMD3100 is functionalised on the phenyl moiety to investigate the influence of the structural modification on the anti-HIV-1 properties and receptor affinity in competition with anti-CXCR4 monoclonal antibodies and the natural ligand for CXCR4, CXCL12. The effect of complexation of nickel(II) in the cyclam cavities has been investigated. Two amino derivatives were obtained and are suitable intermediates for conjugation reactions to obtain CXCR4 molecular imaging agents. A fluorescent probe (BODIPY) and a precursor for (18)F (positron emitting isotope) radiolabelling were conjugated to validate this route to new CXCR4 imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Poty
- ICMUB (UMR CNRS 6302), 9 Av. Alain Savary, BP 47870 21000 Dijon, France.
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42
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Entract GM, Bryden F, Domarkas J, Savoie H, Allott L, Archibald SJ, Cawthorne C, Boyle RW. Development of PDT/PET Theranostics: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of an (18)F-Radiolabeled Water-Soluble Porphyrin. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:4414-23. [PMID: 26559906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of the first water-soluble porphyrin radiolabeled with fluorine-18 is described: a new molecular theranostic agent which integrates the therapeutic selectivity of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with the imaging efficacy of positron emission tomography (PET). Generation of the theranostic was carried out through the conjugation of a cationic water-soluble porphyrin bearing an azide functionality to a fluorine-18 radiolabeled prosthetic bearing an alkyne functionality through click conjugation, with excellent yields obtained in both cold and hot synthesis. Biological evaluation of the synthesized structures shows the first example of an (18)F-radiolabeled porphyrin retaining photocytotoxicity following radiolabeling and demonstrable conjugate uptake and potential application as a radiotracer in vivo. The promising results gained from biological evaluation demonstrate the potential of this structure as a clinically relevant theranostic agent, offering exciting possibilities for the simultaneous imaging and photodynamic treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy M Entract
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Francesca Bryden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire HU6 7RX, U.K.,Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire, HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Juozas Domarkas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire HU6 7RX, U.K.,Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire, HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Huguette Savoie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Louis Allott
- Institute of Cancer Research , 123 Old Brompton Road, London, SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Stephen J Archibald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire HU6 7RX, U.K.,Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire, HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Chris Cawthorne
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire, HU6 7RX, U.K.,School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire, HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Ross W Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull , Cottingham Road, Hull, Yorkshire HU6 7RX, U.K
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43
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Won PD, Funwie NL, Birdsong OC, Obali AY, Burke BP, McRobbie G, Greenman P, Prior TJ, Archibald SJ, Hubin TJ. Probing the Limits of Tetraazamacrocycle‐Glyoxal Condensates as Bidentate Ligands for Cu
2+. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Won
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, OK, USA http://faculty.swosu.edu/tim.hubin/
| | - Neil L. Funwie
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, OK, USA http://faculty.swosu.edu/tim.hubin/
| | - Orry C. Birdsong
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, OK, USA http://faculty.swosu.edu/tim.hubin/
| | - Aslihan Yilmaz Obali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull Cottingham Road, Kingston Upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK http://www2.hull.ac.uk/science/chemistry/staff/academic_staff/dr_steve_archibald.aspx
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry 42075 Konya, Turkey
| | - Benjamin P. Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull Cottingham Road, Kingston Upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK http://www2.hull.ac.uk/science/chemistry/staff/academic_staff/dr_steve_archibald.aspx
| | - Graeme McRobbie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull Cottingham Road, Kingston Upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK http://www2.hull.ac.uk/science/chemistry/staff/academic_staff/dr_steve_archibald.aspx
| | - Peter Greenman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull Cottingham Road, Kingston Upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK http://www2.hull.ac.uk/science/chemistry/staff/academic_staff/dr_steve_archibald.aspx
| | - Timothy J. Prior
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull Cottingham Road, Kingston Upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK http://www2.hull.ac.uk/science/chemistry/staff/academic_staff/dr_steve_archibald.aspx
| | - Stephen J. Archibald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull Cottingham Road, Kingston Upon Hull, HU6 7RX, UK http://www2.hull.ac.uk/science/chemistry/staff/academic_staff/dr_steve_archibald.aspx
| | - Timothy J. Hubin
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, OK, USA http://faculty.swosu.edu/tim.hubin/
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44
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Burke BP, Baghdadi N, Kownacka AE, Nigam S, Clemente GS, Al-Yassiry MM, Domarkas J, Lorch M, Pickles M, Gibbs P, Tripier R, Cawthorne C, Archibald SJ. Chelator free gallium-68 radiolabelling of silica coated iron oxide nanorods via surface interactions. Nanoscale 2015; 7:14889-14896. [PMID: 26292197 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02753e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The commercial availability of combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/positron emission tomography (PET) scanners for clinical use has increased demand for easily prepared agents which offer signal or contrast in both modalities. Herein we describe a new class of silica coated iron-oxide nanorods (NRs) coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and/or a tetraazamacrocyclic chelator (DO3A). Studies of the coated NRs validate their composition and confirm their properties as in vivo T2 MRI contrast agents. Radiolabelling studies with the positron emitting radioisotope gallium-68 (t1/2 = 68 min) demonstrate that, in the presence of the silica coating, the macrocyclic chelator was not required for preparation of highly stable radiometal-NR constructs. In vivo PET-CT and MR imaging studies show the expected high liver uptake of gallium-68 radiolabelled nanorods with no significant release of gallium-68 metal ions, validating our innovation to provide a novel simple method for labelling of iron oxide NRs with a radiometal in the absence of a chelating unit that can be used for high sensitivity liver imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
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45
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Funwie NL, Cain AN, Fanning BZ, Hageman SA, Mullens M, Roberts TK, Turner DJ, Valdez CN, Vaughan RW, Ermias HG, Silversides JD, Archibald SJ, Hubin TJ, Prior TJ. Crystal structure of di-chlorido-(4,11-dimethyl-1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-bicyclo-[6.6.2]hexa-deca-ne)iron(III) hexa-fluorido-phosphate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:1073-6. [PMID: 26396852 PMCID: PMC4555389 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015015340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, [FeCl2(C14H30N4)]PF6, contains Fe(3+) coordinated by the four nitro-gen atoms of an ethyl-ene cross-bridged cyclam macrocycle and two cis chloride ligands in a distorted octa-hedral environment. In contrast to other similar compounds this is a monomer. Inter-molecular C-H⋯Cl inter-actions exist in the structure between the complex ions. Comparison with the mononuclear Fe(2+) complex of the same ligand shows that the smaller Fe(3+) ion is more fully engulfed by the cavity of the bicyclic ligand. Comparison with the μ-oxido dinuclear complex of an unsubstituted ligand of the same size demonstrates that the methyl groups of 4,11-dimethyl-1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-bicyclo-[6.6.2]hexa-decane prevent dimerization upon oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil L. Funwie
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Amy N. Cain
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Brian Z. Fanning
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Serena A. Hageman
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Malorie Mullens
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Travis K. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Daniel J. Turner
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Cammi N. Valdez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Robert W. Vaughan
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Henok G. Ermias
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Jon D. Silversides
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, England
| | - Stephen J. Archibald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, England
| | - Timothy J. Hubin
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Timothy J. Prior
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, England
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46
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Matz DL, Jones DG, Roewe KD, Gorbet MJ, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Prior TJ, Archibald SJ, Yin G, Hubin TJ. Synthesis, structural studies, kinetic stability, and oxidation catalysis of the late first row transition metal complexes of 4,10-dimethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazabicyclo[6.5.2]pentadecane. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:12210-24. [PMID: 25876140 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00742a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic details for 4,11-dimethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazabicyclo[6.5.2]pentadecane, the dimethyl ethylene cross-bridged homocyclen ligand are presented for the first time. Its novel Mn(2+), Fe(2+), Mn(3+), and Fe(3+) complexes have been synthesized and characterized. X-ray crystal structures were obtained for both manganese complexes, along with five additional Co(3+), Cu(2+), and Zn(2+) structures, the first structural characterization of complexes of this ligand. Each complex has the cis-V configuration of the cross-bridged macrocycle ring, leaving cis labile binding sites for interaction of the complex with oxidants and/or substrates. The copper(II) complex kinetic stability in 5 M HCl and at elevated temperatures was determined and compared to related complexes in the literature. The electronic properties of the manganese and iron complexes were evaluated using solid state magnetic moment determination and acetonitrile solution electronic spectroscopy, revealing high spin metal complexes in all cases. Cyclic voltammetry in acetonitrile of the divalent iron and manganese complexes revealed reversible redox processes, suggesting catalytic reactivity involving electron transfer processes are possible for both complexes. Screening of the Mn(2+) and Fe(2+) complexes for oxidation catalysis using hydrogen peroxide as the terminal oxidant showed both complexes are worthy of continued development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas L Matz
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA.
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47
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Bernard J, Clemente G, Burke BP, Eymin MJ, Archibald SJ, Malacea-Kabbara R, Jugé S. Phosphonium-Boronate Amino Acid Derivatives as Fluoride Pincers for 18F-Labelling. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2014.979991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bernard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB- StéréochIM-UMR CNRS 6302), 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Goncalo Clemente
- Department of Chemistry and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, East Yorkshire,, UK
| | - Benjamin P. Burke
- Department of Chemistry and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, East Yorkshire,, UK
| | - Marie-Joëlle Eymin
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB- StéréochIM-UMR CNRS 6302), 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Stephen J. Archibald
- Department of Chemistry and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, East Yorkshire,, UK
| | - Raluca Malacea-Kabbara
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB- StéréochIM-UMR CNRS 6302), 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Sylvain Jugé
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB- StéréochIM-UMR CNRS 6302), 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
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48
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Burke BP, Baghdadi N, Clemente GS, Camus N, Guillou A, Kownacka AE, Domarkas J, Halime Z, Tripier R, Archibald SJ. Final step gallium-68 radiolabelling of silica-coated iron oxide nanorods as potential PET/MR multimodal imaging agents. Faraday Discuss 2015; 175:59-71. [PMID: 25325197 DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00137k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The investigation of iron oxide-based positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) multimodal imaging agents is an expanding field in which a variety of nanoparticle sizes, shapes, surface coatings and radioisotopes are open for exploration. This study develops iron oxide nanorods which are coated with various mixtures of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and macrocyclic ligand (DO3A) via the formation of a silica layer on the surface. Gallium-68 radiolabelling of the nanorods was carried out in high radiochemical yields (RCY) and their stability in human serum was demonstrated for all constructs, even in the absence of the macrocyclic chelating unit. Further studies were carried out in an attempt to determine the appropriate amount of PEG coating to give optimal properties for future in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
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49
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Fisher CM, Fuller E, Burke BP, Mogilireddy V, Pope SJA, Sparke AE, Déchamps-Olivier I, Cadiou C, Chuburu F, Faulkner S, Archibald SJ. A benzimidazole functionalised DO3A chelator showing pH switchable coordination modes with lanthanide ions. Dalton Trans 2015; 43:9567-78. [PMID: 24828602 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00519h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new macrocyclic chelator incorporating a benzimidazole heterocycle is reported. Lanthanide complexes with macrocyclic chelators based on 1,4,7,10-tetra(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DOTA) and 1,4,7-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (DO3A) are of interest in luminescent, radiopharmaceutical and magnetic resonance (MR) biomedical imaging applications. The benzimidazole DO3A chelator allows for sensitisation of europium(iii), terbium(iii) and ytterbium(iii) luminescence by the heterocycle and also shows a pH dependent coordination change due to protonation of the chelator (pKa = 4.1 for the europium(iii) complex). The thermodynamic stability of the complexes has been investigated by potentiometric titration with the gadolinium(iii) complex showing significantly higher stability than the zinc(ii) complex, where log βZnLH = 28.1 and log βGdLH = 32.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
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Bernard J, Malacea-Kabbara R, Clemente GS, Burke BP, Eymin MJ, Archibald SJ, Jugé S. o-Boronato- and o-Trifluoroborato–Phosphonium Salts Supported by l-α-Amino Acid Side Chain. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4289-98. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bernard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB) StéréochIM UMR CNRS 6302, 9 Avenue A. Savary BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Raluca Malacea-Kabbara
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB) StéréochIM UMR CNRS 6302, 9 Avenue A. Savary BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Gonçalo S. Clemente
- Department
of Chemistry and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, East
Yorkshire HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin P. Burke
- Department
of Chemistry and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, East
Yorkshire HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Joëlle Eymin
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB) StéréochIM UMR CNRS 6302, 9 Avenue A. Savary BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Stephen J. Archibald
- Department
of Chemistry and Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, East
Yorkshire HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvain Jugé
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB) StéréochIM UMR CNRS 6302, 9 Avenue A. Savary BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
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