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Toprak U, Erlandson M, Baldwin D, Karcz S, Wan L, Coutu C, Gillott C, Hegedus DD. Identification of the Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) peritrophic matrix proteins and enzymes involved in peritrophic matrix chitin metabolism. Insect Sci 2016; 23:656-674. [PMID: 25846407 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The peritrophic matrix (PM) is essential for insect digestive system physiology as it protects the midgut epithelium from damage by food particles, pathogens, and toxins. The PM is also an attractive target for development of new pest control strategies due to its per os accessibility. To understand how the PM performs these functions, the molecular architecture of the PM was examined using genomic and proteomic approaches in Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a major pest of cruciferous oilseed crops in North America. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses of the PM identified 82 proteins classified as: (i) peritrophins, including a new class with a CBDIII domain; (ii) enzymes involved in chitin modification (chitin deacetylases), digestion (serine proteases, aminopeptidases, carboxypeptidases, lipases and α-amylase) or other reactions (β-1,3-glucanase, alkaline phosphatase, dsRNase, astacin, pantetheinase); (iii) a heterogenous group consisting of polycalin, REPATs, serpin, C-Type lectin and Lsti99/Lsti201 and 3 novel proteins without known orthologs. The genes encoding PM proteins were expressed predominantly in the midgut. cDNAs encoding chitin synthase-2 (McCHS-2), chitinase (McCHI), and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (McNAG) enzymes, involved in PM chitin metabolism, were also identified. McCHS-2 expression was specific to the midgut indicating that it is responsible for chitin synthesis in the PM, the only chitinous material in the midgut. In contrast, the genes encoding the chitinolytic enzymes were expressed in multiple tissues. McCHS-2, McCHI, and McNAG were expressed in the midgut of feeding larvae, and NAG activity was present in the PM. This information was used to generate an updated model of the lepidopteran PM architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Toprak
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Martin Erlandson
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Doug Baldwin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Steve Karcz
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lianglu Wan
- Plant Biotechnology Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Cathy Coutu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Cedric Gillott
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Dwayne D Hegedus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Parkin IA, Clarke WE, Sidebottom C, Zhang W, Robinson SJ, Links MG, Karcz S, Higgins EE, Fobert P, Sharpe AG. Towards unambiguous transcript mapping in the allotetraploid Brassica napusThis article is one of a selection of papers from the conference “Exploiting Genome-wide Association in Oilseed Brassicas: a model for genetic improvement of major OECD crops for sustainable farming”. Genome 2010; 53:929-38. [DOI: 10.1139/g10-053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The architecture of the Brassica napus genome is marked by its evolutionary origins. The genome of B. napus was formed from the hybridization of two closely related diploid Brassica species, both of which evolved from an hexaploid ancestor. The extensive whole genome duplication events in its near and distant past result in the allotetraploid genome of B. napus maintaining multiple copies of most genes, which predicts a highly complex and redundant transcriptome that can confound any expression analyses. A stringent assembly of 142 399 B. napus expressed sequence tags allowed the development of a well-differentiated set of reference transcripts, which were used as a foundation to assess the efficacy of available tools for identifying and distinguishing transcripts in B. napus ; including microarray hybridization and 3′ anchored sequence tag capture. Microarray platforms cannot distinguish transcripts derived from the two progenitors or close homologues, although observed differential expression appeared to be biased towards unique transcripts. The use of 3′ capture enhanced the ability to unambiguously identify homologues within the B. napus transcriptome but was limited by tag length. The ability to comprehensively catalogue gene expression in polyploid species could be transformed by the application of cost-efficient next generation sequencing technologies that will capture millions of long sequence tags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isobel A.P. Parkin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
- Department of Computing Science, 176 Thorvaldson Building, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
- National Research Council Plant Biotechnology Institute, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, WCVM, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Wayne E. Clarke
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
- Department of Computing Science, 176 Thorvaldson Building, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
- National Research Council Plant Biotechnology Institute, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, WCVM, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Christine Sidebottom
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
- Department of Computing Science, 176 Thorvaldson Building, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
- National Research Council Plant Biotechnology Institute, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, WCVM, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
- Department of Computing Science, 176 Thorvaldson Building, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
- National Research Council Plant Biotechnology Institute, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, WCVM, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Stephen J. Robinson
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
- Department of Computing Science, 176 Thorvaldson Building, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
- National Research Council Plant Biotechnology Institute, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, WCVM, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Matthew G. Links
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
- Department of Computing Science, 176 Thorvaldson Building, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
- National Research Council Plant Biotechnology Institute, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, WCVM, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Steve Karcz
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
- Department of Computing Science, 176 Thorvaldson Building, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
- National Research Council Plant Biotechnology Institute, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, WCVM, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Erin E. Higgins
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
- Department of Computing Science, 176 Thorvaldson Building, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
- National Research Council Plant Biotechnology Institute, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, WCVM, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Pierre Fobert
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
- Department of Computing Science, 176 Thorvaldson Building, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
- National Research Council Plant Biotechnology Institute, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, WCVM, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Andrew G. Sharpe
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada
- Department of Computing Science, 176 Thorvaldson Building, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
- National Research Council Plant Biotechnology Institute, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, WCVM, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
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