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Abood A, Rolighed L, Ovesen T, Madsen SH, Vestergaard P, Triponez F. Autofluorescence-guided hemithyroidectomy in a low-volume thyroid institution with no experience in parathyroid surgery: randomized clinical trial. Br J Surg 2024; 111:znae075. [PMID: 38573333 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znae075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that low-volume surgeons with no experience in parathyroid surgery are at increased risk of causing parathyroid gland damage during thyroid surgery. The aim of this RCT was to evaluate the impact of using autofluorescence in hemithyroidectomy on parathyroid gland identification and preservation in a low-volume institution with no experience in parathyroid surgery. METHODS Patients referred for hemithyroidectomy were randomized 1 : 1 to either autofluorescence-guided hemithyroidectomy (the near-infrared autofluorescence group) or conventional hemithyroidectomy (the control group). The primary outcome was parathyroid gland identification rate. Secondary outcomes were the rate of parathyroid gland autotransplantation and the rate of inadvertent parathyroid gland excision. RESULTS A total of 170 patients were randomized to either autofluorescence-guided hemithyroidectomy (84 patients) or conventional hemithyroidectomy (86 patients). In the near-infrared autofluorescence group, 81.0% of parathyroid glands were identified, compared with 57.0% in the control group (P < 0.001). Autofluorescence enabled parathyroid gland visualization before the naked eye in 46.3% of cases. Surgeons had lower confidence in the parathyroid gland identification process in the control group than in the near-infrared autofluorescence group (59.1% versus 87.5% respectively; P < 0.001). In the near-infrared autofluorescence group, the parathyroid gland autotransplantation rate was initially high, but declined over time. There was no difference in the rate of inadvertent parathyroid gland excision. CONCLUSION Autofluorescence guidance significantly improved the parathyroid gland identification rate in hemithyroidectomy in a low-volume institution with no experience in parathyroid surgery and provided an increase in surgical confidence. The pattern of parathyroid gland autotransplantation in autofluorescence-guided surgery indicates the presence of a learning curve. REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05044351 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abood
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Goedstrup Hospital, Herning, Denmark
| | - Lars Rolighed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Therese Ovesen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Goedstrup Hospital, Herning, Denmark
| | - Stine H Madsen
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Vestergaard
- Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Frédéric Triponez
- Department of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Bojer AS, Sørensen MH, Madsen SH, Broadbent DA, Plein S, Gæde P, Madsen PL. Early signs of myocardial systolic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes are strongly associated with myocardial microvascular dysfunction independent of myocardial fibrosis: a prospective cohort study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:41. [PMID: 38350975 PMCID: PMC10863286 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with diabetes demonstrate early left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Notably reduced global longitudinal strain (GLS) is related to poor outcomes, the underlying pathophysiology is however still not clearly understood. We hypothesized that pathophysiologic changes with microvascular dysfunction and interstitial fibrosis contribute to reduced strain. METHODS 211 patients with type 2 diabetes and 25 control subjects underwent comprehensive cardiovascular phenotyping by magnetic resonance imaging. Myocardial blood flow (MBF), perfusion reserve (MPR), extracellular volume (ECV), and 3D feature tracking GLS and global circumferential (GCS) and radial strain (GRS) were quantified. RESULTS Patients (median age 57 [IQR 50, 67] years, 70% males) had a median diabetes duration of 12 [IQR 6, 18] years. Compared to control subjects GLS, GCS, and GRS were reduced in the total diabetes cohort, and GLS was also reduced in the sub-group of patients without diabetic complications compared to control subjects (controls - 13.9 ± 2.0%, total cohort - 11.6 ± 3.0%; subgroup - 12.3 ± 2.6%, all p < 0.05). Reduced GLS, but not GCS or GRS, was associated with classic diabetes complications of albuminuria (UACR ≥ 30 mg/g) [β (95% CI) 1.09 (0.22-1.96)] and autonomic neuropathy [β (95% CI) 1.43 (0.54-2.31)] but GLS was not associated with retinopathy or peripheral neuropathy. Independently of ECV, a 10% increase in MBF at stress and MPR was associated with higher GLS [multivariable regression adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, smoking, and ECV: MBF stress (β (95% CI) - 0.2 (- 0.3 to - 0.08), MPR (β (95% CI) - 0.5 (- 0.8 to - 0.3), p < 0.001 for both]. A 10% increase in ECV was associated with a decrease in GLS in univariable [β (95% CI) 0.6 (0.2 to 1.1)] and multivariable regression, but this was abolished when adjusted for MPR [multivariable regression adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, smoking, and MPR (β (95% CI) 0.1 (- 0.3 to 0.6)]. On the receiver operating characteristics curve, GLS showed a moderate ability to discriminate a significantly lowered stress MBF (AUC 0.72) and MPR (AUC 0.73). CONCLUSIONS Myocardial microvascular dysfunction was independent of ECV, a biomarker of myocardial fibrosis, associated with GLS. Further, 3D GLS could be a potential screening tool for myocardial microvascular dysfunction. Future directions should focus on confirming these results in longitudinal and/or interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemie S Bojer
- Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Slagelse Hospital, Ingemannsvej 32, 4200, Slagelse, Region Zealand, Denmark.
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Herlev, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Martin H Sørensen
- Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Slagelse Hospital, Ingemannsvej 32, 4200, Slagelse, Region Zealand, Denmark
| | - Stine H Madsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Herlev, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - David A Broadbent
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sven Plein
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter Gæde
- Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Slagelse Hospital, Ingemannsvej 32, 4200, Slagelse, Region Zealand, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per L Madsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Herlev, Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bojer AS, Sørensen MH, Madsen SH, Broadbent DA, Plein S, Gæde P, Madsen PL. The independent association of myocardial extracellular volume and myocardial blood flow with cardiac diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cross-sectional cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:78. [PMID: 37004049 PMCID: PMC10067250 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01804-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse myocardial fibrosis and microvascular dysfunction are suggested to underlie cardiac dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes, but studies investigating their relative impact are lacking. We aimed to study imaging biomarkers of these and hypothesized that fibrosis and microvascular dysfunction would affect different phases of left ventricular (LV) diastole. METHODS In this cross-sectional study myocardial blood flow (MBF) at rest and adenosine-stress and perfusion reserve (MPR), as well as extracellular volume fraction (ECV), were determined with cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in 205 patients with type 2 diabetes and 25 controls. Diastolic parameters included echocardiography-determined lateral e' and average E/e', and CMR-determined (rest and chronotropic-stress) LV early peak filling rate (ePFR), LV peak diastolic strain rate (PDSR), and left atrial (LA) volume changes. RESULTS In multivariable analysis adjusted for possible confounders including each other (ECV for blood flow and vice versa), a 10% increase of ECV was independently associated with ePFR/EDV (rest: β = - 4.0%, stress: β = - 7.9%), LAmax /BSA (rest: β = 4.8%, stress: β = 5.8%), and circumferential (β = - 4.1%) and radial PDSR (β = 0.07%/sec). A 10% stress MBF increase was associated with lateral e' (β = 1.4%) and average E/e' (β = - 1.4%) and a 10% MPR increase to lateral e' (β = 2.7%), and average E/e' (β = - 2.8%). For all the above, p < 0.05. No associations were found with longitudinal PDSR or left atrial total emptying fraction. CONCLUSION In patients with type 2 diabetes, imaging biomarkers of microvascular dysfunction and diffuse fibrosis impacts diastolic dysfunction independently of each other. Microvascular dysfunction primarily affects early left ventricular relaxation. Diffuse fibrosis primarily affects diastasis. Trial registration https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov . Unique identifier: NCT02684331. Date of registration: February 18, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemie S Bojer
- Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Slagelse Hospital, Ingemannsvej 32, Region Zealand, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark.
- Institute of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Martin H Sørensen
- Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Slagelse Hospital, Ingemannsvej 32, Region Zealand, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Stine H Madsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Capital Region of Denmark, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - David A Broadbent
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sven Plein
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter Gæde
- Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Slagelse Hospital, Ingemannsvej 32, Region Zealand, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per L Madsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Capital Region of Denmark, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sondergaard BC, Schultz N, Madsen SH, Bay-Jensen AC, Kassem M, Karsdal MA. MAPKs are essential upstream signaling pathways in proteolytic cartilage degradation--divergence in pathways leading to aggrecanase and MMP-mediated articular cartilage degradation. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18:279-88. [PMID: 19932675 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aggrecanases are essential players in cartilage degradation. However, the signaling pathways that results in MMP and/or aggrecanase synthesis and activation are not well understood. We investigated the molecular events leading to MMP- and aggrecanase-mediated cartilage degradation. METHODS Cartilage degradation was induced in bovine articular cartilage explants by oncostatin M (OSM) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), in the presence or absence of specific inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) P38, P44/42 and Src family. Toxicity was followed by the AlamarBlue colorimetric assay. MMP-activity was assessed using a fluorescent substrate assay and MMP-9 and -2 activities by gelatinase zymography. MMP-mediated collagen type II degradation and MMP as well as aggrecanase-mediated aggrecan degradation was investigated with specific ELISA and hydroxyproline release by standard methods. The findings were verified by immunohistochemistry and histology. RESULTS Stimulation of cartilage degradation by OSM+TNF resulted in 100-fold induction of CTX-II release (P<0.01). This was dose-dependently inhibited by MAPK P38 inhibitors and by the MAPK P44/42 inhibitors. MMP-activity and expression was significantly decreased, as evaluated by cleavage of fluorescence MMP-substrate and zymography. Immunohistochemistry confirmed these findings. Interestingly, only the P44/42 inhibitors abrogated aggrecanase-mediated aggrecan degradation. CONCLUSION We found that inhibition of MAPK P38, P44/42 and Src family abrogated proteolytic cartilage degradation by blocking MMP synthesis and activity. However, only MAPK P44/42 was essential for aggrecanase-mediated aggrecan degradation. These data suggest that various aspects of cartilage degradation can be targeted independently by inhibiting specific upstream signaling pathway.
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Leeming DJ, Henriksen K, Byrjalsen I, Qvist P, Madsen SH, Garnero P, Karsdal MA. Is bone quality associated with collagen age? Osteoporos Int 2009; 20:1461-70. [PMID: 19330423 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-009-0904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization defines osteoporosis as a systemic disease characterized by decreased bone tissue mass and microarchitectural deterioration, resulting in increased fracture risk. Since this statement, a significant amount of data has been generated showing that these two factors do not cover all risks for fracture. Other independent clinical factors, such as age, as well as aspects related to qualitative changes in bone tissue, are believed to play an important role. The term "bone quality" encompasses a variety of parameters, including the extent of mineralization, the number and distribution of microfractures, the extent of osteocyte apoptosis, and changes in collagen properties. The major mechanism controlling these qualitative factors is bone remodeling, which is tightly regulated by the osteoclast/osteoblast activity. We focus on the relationship between bone remodeling and changes in collagen properties, especially the extent of one posttranslational modification. In vivo, measurements of the ratio between native and isomerized C-telopeptides of type I collagen provides an index of bone matrix age. Current preclinical and clinical studies suggests that this urinary ratio provides information about bone strength and fracture risk independent of bone mineral density and that it responds differently according to the type of therapy regulating bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Leeming
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.
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Madsen SH, Sondergaard BC, Bay-Jensen AC, Karsdal MA. Cartilage formation measured by a novel PIINP assay suggests that IGF-I does not stimulate but maintains cartilage formation ex vivo. Scand J Rheumatol 2009; 38:222-6. [PMID: 19214869 DOI: 10.1080/03009740802464186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the time-dependent effect of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF)-I on cartilage, evaluated by a novel procollagen type II N-terminal propeptide (PIINP) formation assay. This was performed in a cartilage model. METHODS Bovine articular cartilage explants were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM):F12 in the presence of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, or 100 ng/mL of IGF-I. The viability of the chondrocytes was measured by the colorimetric Alamar blue assay. Collagen formation was assessed from the conditioned medium by the PIINP assay. Proteoglycan levels retained in the explants after 22 days of culture were extracted and measured by the sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) assay. RESULTS In the absence of stimulation, PIINP markedly decreased as a function of time (99.4%, p < 0.001). IGF-I dose-dependently stimulated collagen formation and more than 3000% (p < 0.0005) at 100 ng/mL IGF-I at day 20 compared to vehicle control (W/O). IGF-I maintained PIINP at levels comparable to that of day 1. IGF-I dose-dependently protected against proteoglycan loss. CONCLUSION IGF-I dose-dependently maintained cartilage formation. The current developed techniques aid the model to represent a more physiologically relevant model to test novel anabolic drugs for osteoarthritis (OA).
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Jensen F, Madsen SH. [A study of an outpatient department in the County of Funen]. Ugeskr Laeger 1986; 148:1629-33. [PMID: 3750444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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