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Qiu JM, Yang GG, Wang D, Chen JM, Shen Z, Shao SX. [Detection and analysis of intestinal flora diversity in patients with complex anal fistula]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2022; 25:792-797. [PMID: 36117370 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn441530-20220412-00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the possibility that the intestinal flora profile in complex anal fistula patients is different to that of healthy controls. This was assessed by sequencing of 16S rDNA in fecal samples from cohorts representing these populations. Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 30 complex anal fistula patients and 30 matched healthy controls. Patients were included if they met the diagnostic criteria of cryptoglandular anal fistula and had exhibited symptoms for more than 3 months. Complex anal fistula is diagnosed under the following circumstances: if the fistula in question spans 2/3 or more of the diameter of the anal sphincter; if there are more than two external orifices or fistula tracks; or if recurrence is observed after previous anal fistula surgery. Patients were excluded if there were comorbities including inflammatory bowel disease (as assessed by colonoscopy), chronic diarrhea, chronic constipation, diabetes, gastrointestinal malignancies, liver/ kidney dysfunction, or cognitive impairment. Patients whose anal fistulas were caused by Crohn's disease, trauma, special infections (such as actinomycosis and tuberculosis) were also excluded, as were those who had used antibiotics, prebiotics, or probiotics that may affect intestinal microecology in the month prior to the study. Total bacterial genomic DNA was extracted by PCR amplification of the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA sequences. High-throughput sequencing and data analysis were performed on the Illumina Miseq platform. Finally, operational taxonomic unit (OTU) clustering, alpha diversity and LEfSE data analysis were carried out. The larger the Chao or ACE index is, the higher the species abundance of the microflora is expected to be. Similarly, a smaller value for the Simpson index or a larger value for the Shannon index indicates greater microflora diversity. There was no statistically significant difference in gender, age, body mass index (BMI), drinking history, or smoking history between the two groups (P>0.05), indicating that they were comparable. Results: The α-diversity analysis including ACE, Chao, Shannon and Simpson indexes indicated a richer diversity of intestinal microflora in complex anal fistula patients than in healthy controls. In both patients and controls, OUT cluster analysis demonstrated that 93.4%±32.0% and 87.4%±41.2% of sequences were from Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes spp., respectively. On a genus level, samples from anal fistula patients showed a greater abundance of Prevotella spp. (4.9%±7.4% vs. 0.1%±1.1%, P<0.001), Megamonas (3.9%±8.2% vs. 0.5%±4.2%, P<0.05) and Lachnospira (2.6%±5.7% vs. 0.1%±3.4%, P<0.05), while showing a lesser abundance of Proteobacteria spp. (0.02%±4.2% vs. 9.3%±14.4%, P<0.01), Enterococcus (0.02%±2.3% vs. 9.3%±19.6%, P<0.05), Bacteroides (24.7%±9.9% vs. 29.8%±9.1%, P<0.05) and Klebsiella (0.4%±4.2% vs. 3.9%±7.3%, P<0.05) compared with healthy controls. Intestinal flora diversity in the complex anal fistula group was richer than in controls, as indicated by a higher ACE index (293.30±44.00 vs. 218.75±33.83, t=102.069, P<0.001), a higher Chao index (318.40±41.99 vs. 250.00±46.38, t=77.818, P=0.028), a higher Shannon index (3.36±0.29 vs. 2.43±0.34, t=9.657, P=0.001), and a lower Simpson index (0.103±0.013 vs. 0.131±0.013, t=5.551, P=0.046). LDA effect size analysis suggests that the main strains of Veillonellaceae, Selenemondales and Negativicutes, which all belong to the phylum Firmicutes, have the greatest influence on the above difference (LDA>4). Conclusions: The diversity of intestinal flora in patients with complex anal fistula is greater than in healthy controls, suggesting that these bacteria or their metabolites may be involved in the occurrence and development of anal fistulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Qiu
- Department of Anal-Colorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Pelvic Floor Disease Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - G G Yang
- Department of Anal-Colorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Pelvic Floor Disease Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - D Wang
- Department of Anal-Colorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Pelvic Floor Disease Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - J M Chen
- Department of Anal-Colorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Pelvic Floor Disease Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Z Shen
- Department of Anal-Colorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Pelvic Floor Disease Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - S X Shao
- Department of Anal-Colorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Pelvic Floor Disease Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Chen W, Zhang YN, Jia QQ, Ji A, Shao SX, Zhang L, Gong M, Yin Q, Huang XL. MicroRNA-214 protects L6 skeletal myoblasts against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:162-172. [PMID: 32131653 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1730828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported as key gene regulators, and they control many fundamental biological processes. Previously, we demonstrated that miR-214 had a protective effect against myocardial apoptosis and myocardial fibrosis. In this study, we sought to investigate the expression of miR-214 in L6 skeletal myoblast (SKM), the regulatory effect of miR-214 on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced cell apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms of the antiapoptotic effect. MiR-214 expression was up-regulated by H2O2 in a dose and time-dependent manner in L6 SKMs. To investigate the regulatory effects of miR-214 on L6 SKM, both gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches were applied. The results showed that miR-214 improved cell survival and inhibited cell apoptosis, and blockage of miR-214 abrogated the protective effect on cell survival and resistance to apoptosis. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was negatively regulated by miR-214, and PTEN inhibitor obviously reversed the effect of miR-214 blockage on enhancing cell apoptosis. In addition, miR-214 up-regulated antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, down-regulated proapoptotic protein Bax, prevented release of cytochrome c and inhibited caspase-3 activation. In summary, H2O2-induced injury increases miR-214 expression in L6 SKM, and miR-214 contributes to the protection of L6 SKM against apoptosis via lowering PTEN and subsequently inhibiting the mitochondrial-mediated caspase-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qiong-Qiong Jia
- Department of Emergency, People's Hospital of Zhengding, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - An Ji
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Su-Xia Shao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Miao Gong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qing Yin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xin-Li Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Chen W, Zhang L, Shao SX, Wang HP, Cui SJ, Zhang YN, Kong XZ, Yin Q, Zhang JP. Transcription factors GATA4 and TBX5 promote cardiomyogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. Histol Histopathol 2015; 30:1487-98. [PMID: 26100648 DOI: 10.14670/hh-11-644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) have potential applications in cell and gene therapies for cardiac disease. The cardiac-specific transcription factors GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA4) and T-Box protein 5 (TBX5) are considered to be pivotal in cardiogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GATA4 and TBX5 on cardiomyogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The BMSCs were initially isolated and identified. Vectors harboring cardiac transcription factor genes GATA4 and TBX5 or empty vectors were transferred into BMSCs. Cardiomyogenic cells differentiated from BMSCs were identified by expression of cardiac-specific markers including cardiac troponin T, connexin 43, β-myosin heavy chain, and myosin light chain-2 using immunocytochemical staining, western blotting, and quantitative real-time PCR. The ultrastructures of the differentiated cells were examined by transmission electron microscopy, which were similar to those of fetal cardiomyocytes. The differentiated cells exhibited L-type calcium current activities reflective of the electrophysiological characteristics of cardiomyocytes. These findings indicate that exogenous expression of cardiac-specific transcription factors GATA4 and TBX5 enhance cardiomyogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Su-Xia Shao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hai-Ping Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shi-Jie Cui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiang-Zeng Kong
- Department of Neurology, the 1st Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qing Yin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jin-Ping Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
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Ma QL, Gao XY, Shao SJ, Shao SX, Hu B. [Discussion on professor SHAO Jing-Ming's academic opinion of focusing spirit]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2014; 34:615-618. [PMID: 25112108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
During professor SHAO Jing-ming's academic research and medical practice, his academic opinion of focusing spirit is gradually developed. In terms of nurturing the spirit, attention should be paid on persistence as well as everyday health maintenance and exercise to nurture the spirit of physician. In terms of clinical diagnosis and treatment, patients' psychology, employment and life status should be observed and experienced, which could bring more methods to take essential care of patients' spirit. The treatment should work with psychological counseling, advocating that based on patients' qi and spirit, various forms of treatment methods should be properly used, such as acupuncture or moxibustion or combination of acupuncture and medicine, along with simple acupoint selection and harmony medication. Before clinical treatment of acupuncture, calming the mind is critically emphasized to make a clear diagnosis. During the acupuncture, calming and focusing the mind is necessary as well as emphasizing the details, so acupuncture could be integrated with Chi Gong to create a new warming-sensation technique. In a word, the academic opinion of focusing spirit is shedding an inspiring light upon further study.
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Shao SJ, Quan CF, Shao SX, Zhou M, Jing XJ, Zhao YX, Ren ZX, Wang PY, Gao XY, Yang J, Ren Z, Kong L. [Asthma at acute attack stage treated with "Shao's five needling therapy": a multi-central randomized controlled study]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2013; 33:774-778. [PMID: 24298762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy of asthma at acute attack stage treated with "Shao's five needling therapy". METHODS The randomized controlled method was applied to divide 210 cases into an observation group and a control group, 105 cases in each one. In the observation group, "Shao's five needling therapy" [Feishu (BL 13), Dazhui (GV 14), Fengmen (BL 12)] and the combined therapy were adopted, including oxygen uptake, aerosol inhalation and oral administration of prednisone. In the control group, the oral administration of theophylline sustained release tablet and the combined therapy were applied. The treatment was continued for 7 days. The clinical symptoms and physical signs such as wheezing, cough, expectoration, chest stuffiness, wheezing rale and shortness of breath, as well as lung function indices such as forced expiratory volume one second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were observed before and after treatment in the two groups. METHODS In the observation group, 69 cases were cured clinically, 20 cases effective remarkably, 7 cases effective and 0 case failed. In the control group, 49 cases were cured clinically, 31 cases effective remarkably, 15 cases effective and 0 case failed. The difference in the efficacy was significant in comparison of the two groups (P < 0.05). The therapeutic effect in the observation group was better than that in the control group. The total score of the symptoms and physical signs, FEV1 and PEF after treatment were all improved significantly in the two groups (all P < 0.01). And the results in the observation group were better than those in the control group (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSION "Shao's five needling therapy" achieves the significant efficacy on asthma at acute attack stage. It significantly relieves the symptoms and physical signs of the patients and improves lung functions. The effect is better than that of theophylline sustained release tablet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ju Shao
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of TCM, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
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Shao SX, Zhang L, Chen HX, Liu Y, Zhang JP, Chen W, Xue GY. Diazoxide pretreatment enhances L6 skeletal myoblast survival and inhibits apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 295:632-40. [PMID: 22262406 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal myoblast (SKM) transplantation is a promising approach to regenerate tissue and improve the function of the injured heart. However, the number of survival cells transplanted to host myocardium is quite poor due to high rate of apoptosis; diazoxide (DZ) is a highly selective mito-KATP channel opener that may reduce cell apoptosis by relieving reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage. The aim of this study is to explore the protective effects of DZ on L6 SKM damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2) ) in vitro. Different dose and time of H(2)O(2) and DZ treatment were performed and only 24 hr of 1.00 mmol/L H(2) O(2) treatment and 200 μmol/L DZ pretreatment for 30 min were used for further experiment. L6 SKMs were cultured and divided into control group (no treatment), H(2)O(2) group (24 hr of 1.00 mmol/L H(2) O(2) treatment) and DZ + H(2)O(2) group (pretreated with 200 μmol/L DZ for 30 min before 24 hr of 1.00 mmol/L H(2) O(2) treatment). Compared with control group, H(2)O(2) treatment caused cell damage, increased lactate dehydrogenase release, cell apoptosis, and bax gene expression, while reduced cell proliferation and decreased bcl-2 expression. DZ pretreatment may protect cells from damage induced by H(2)O(2) and reduce cell apoptosis by increasing bcl-2 and decreasing bax expression. DZ pretreatment may also promote cell proliferation measured by both PCNA expression and flow cytometry method. These results suggest that DZ may protect L6 SKMs from damage induced by H(2)O(2) by maintaining integrity of cell membrane, reducing apoptosis and increasing proliferation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Xia Shao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
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Shao SJ, Qin XY, Gao XY, Wang SF, Wang JF, Shao SX, Li HC, Ren Z. [Multi-central clinical valuation of SHAO's "five needling methods" for treatment of asthma of deficiency of lung and spleen]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2007; 27:793-796. [PMID: 18085137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To make multi-central clinical valuation of SHAO's "five needling methods" for treatment of asthma of deficiency of lung and spleen. METHODS Two hundred and ten cases were randomly divided into a test group and a control group, 105 cases in each group. The test group were treated with SHAO's "five needling methods", with Feishu (BL 13), Dazhui (GV 14), Fengmen (BL 12) selected; the control group were treated with routine needling method, with Dingchuan (EX-B 1), Gaohuang (BL 43), Feishu (BL 13), Taiyuan (LU 9), Pishu (BL 20), etc. selected. The treatment in the two groups was given once each day, for 4 weeks, with one-day interval each 6-consecutive day. RESULTS Fourteen cases were clinically cured, 42 cases were markedly effective, 32 cases were effective and 6 cases were ineffective in the test group with an effective rate of 93.6%; and 8, 30, 41 and 13 cases in the control group, respectively, with an effective rate of 85.9%, with a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). After treatment, the symptoms and signs, pulmonary function in the test group were better than those in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION SHAO's "five needling methods" has significant therapeutic effect for treatment of asthma of deficiency of lung and spleen, which is better than that of the routine needling method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ju Shao
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan College of TCM, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
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