1
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Levan AJ, Gompertz BP, Salafia OS, Bulla M, Burns E, Hotokezaka K, Izzo L, Lamb GP, Malesani DB, Oates SR, Ravasio ME, Rouco Escorial A, Schneider B, Sarin N, Schulze S, Tanvir NR, Ackley K, Anderson G, Brammer GB, Christensen L, Dhillon VS, Evans PA, Fausnaugh M, Fong WF, Fruchter AS, Fryer C, Fynbo JPU, Gaspari N, Heintz KE, Hjorth J, Kennea JA, Kennedy MR, Laskar T, Leloudas G, Mandel I, Martin-Carrillo A, Metzger BD, Nicholl M, Nugent A, Palmerio JT, Pugliese G, Rastinejad J, Rhodes L, Rossi A, Saccardi A, Smartt SJ, Stevance HF, Tohuvavohu A, van der Horst A, Vergani SD, Watson D, Barclay T, Bhirombhakdi K, Breedt E, Breeveld AA, Brown AJ, Campana S, Chrimes AA, D'Avanzo P, D'Elia V, De Pasquale M, Dyer MJ, Galloway DK, Garbutt JA, Green MJ, Hartmann DH, Jakobsson P, Kerry P, Kouveliotou C, Langeroodi D, Le Floc'h E, Leung JK, Littlefair SP, Munday J, O'Brien P, Parsons SG, Pelisoli I, Sahman DI, Salvaterra R, Sbarufatti B, Steeghs D, Tagliaferri G, Thöne CC, de Ugarte Postigo A, Kann DA. Heavy-element production in a compact object merger observed by JWST. Nature 2024; 626:737-741. [PMID: 37879361 PMCID: PMC10881391 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The mergers of binary compact objects such as neutron stars and black holes are of central interest to several areas of astrophysics, including as the progenitors of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)1, sources of high-frequency gravitational waves (GWs)2 and likely production sites for heavy-element nucleosynthesis by means of rapid neutron capture (the r-process)3. Here we present observations of the exceptionally bright GRB 230307A. We show that GRB 230307A belongs to the class of long-duration GRBs associated with compact object mergers4-6 and contains a kilonova similar to AT2017gfo, associated with the GW merger GW170817 (refs. 7-12). We obtained James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) mid-infrared imaging and spectroscopy 29 and 61 days after the burst. The spectroscopy shows an emission line at 2.15 microns, which we interpret as tellurium (atomic mass A = 130) and a very red source, emitting most of its light in the mid-infrared owing to the production of lanthanides. These observations demonstrate that nucleosynthesis in GRBs can create r-process elements across a broad atomic mass range and play a central role in heavy-element nucleosynthesis across the Universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Levan
- Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
| | - Benjamin P Gompertz
- Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Om Sharan Salafia
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Merate, Italy
- INFN - Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Bulla
- Department of Physics and Earth Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- INFN - Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico d'Abruzzo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Eric Burns
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Kenta Hotokezaka
- Research Center for the Early Universe, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
- Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Luca Izzo
- DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Naples, Italy
| | - Gavin P Lamb
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Daniele B Malesani
- Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Samantha R Oates
- Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maria Edvige Ravasio
- Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Merate, Italy
| | | | - Benjamin Schneider
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nikhil Sarin
- Nordita, Stockholm University and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steve Schulze
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nial R Tanvir
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Kendall Ackley
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Gemma Anderson
- International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gabriel B Brammer
- Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lise Christensen
- Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Vikram S Dhillon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Phil A Evans
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Michael Fausnaugh
- Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Wen-Fai Fong
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Chris Fryer
- Center for Theoretical Astrophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Johan P U Fynbo
- Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Nicola Gaspari
- Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper E Heintz
- Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jens Hjorth
- DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jamie A Kennea
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Mark R Kennedy
- School of Physics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tanmoy Laskar
- Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Giorgos Leloudas
- DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ilya Mandel
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Brian D Metzger
- Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matt Nicholl
- Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Anya Nugent
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jesse T Palmerio
- GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - Giovanna Pugliese
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jillian Rastinejad
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Lauren Rhodes
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Rossi
- INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Saccardi
- GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - Stephen J Smartt
- Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Heloise F Stevance
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Aaron Tohuvavohu
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Darach Watson
- Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | | | - Elmé Breedt
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alice A Breeveld
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, UK
| | - Alexander J Brown
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Ashley A Chrimes
- Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Valerio D'Elia
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Space Science Data Center (SSDC), Rome, Italy
- INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano De Pasquale
- Department of Mathematics, Physics, Informatics and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Papardo, Messina, Italy
| | - Martin J Dyer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Duncan K Galloway
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - James A Garbutt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matthew J Green
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dieter H Hartmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Páll Jakobsson
- Centre for Astrophysics and Cosmology, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Paul Kerry
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Chryssa Kouveliotou
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Danial Langeroodi
- DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Emeric Le Floc'h
- CEA, IRFU, DAp, AIM, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - James K Leung
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- CSIRO Space and Astronomy, Epping, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - James Munday
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Santa Cruz de La Palma, Spain
| | - Paul O'Brien
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Steven G Parsons
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - David I Sahman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Danny Steeghs
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Christina C Thöne
- Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ondřejov, Czechia
| | | | - David Alexander Kann
- Hessian Research Cluster ELEMENTS, Giersch Science Center (GSC), Goethe University Frankfurt, Campus Riedberg, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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2
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Ghirlanda G, Salafia OS, Paragi Z, Giroletti M, Yang J, Marcote B, Blanchard J, Agudo I, An T, Bernardini MG, Beswick R, Branchesi M, Campana S, Casadio C, Chassande-Mottin E, Colpi M, Covino S, D'Avanzo P, D'Elia V, Frey S, Gawronski M, Ghisellini G, Gurvits LI, Jonker PG, van Langevelde HJ, Melandri A, Moldon J, Nava L, Perego A, Perez-Torres MA, Reynolds C, Salvaterra R, Tagliaferri G, Venturi T, Vergani SD, Zhang M. Compact radio emission indicates a structured jet was produced by a binary neutron star merger. Science 2019; 363:968-971. [PMID: 30792360 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau8815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The binary neutron star merger event GW170817 was detected through both electromagnetic radiation and gravitational waves. Its afterglow emission may have been produced by either a narrow relativistic jet or an isotropic outflow. High-spatial-resolution measurements of the source size and displacement can discriminate between these scenarios. We present very-long-baseline interferometry observations, performed 207.4 days after the merger by using a global network of 32 radio telescopes. The apparent source size is constrained to be smaller than 2.5 milli-arc seconds at the 90% confidence level. This excludes the isotropic outflow scenario, which would have produced a larger apparent size, indicating that GW170817 produced a structured relativistic jet. Our rate calculations show that at least 10% of neutron star mergers produce such a jet.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ghirlanda
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Fisica G. Occhialini, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, IT-20126 Milano, Italy.,Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - O S Salafia
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Fisica G. Occhialini, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, IT-20126 Milano, Italy.,Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Z Paragi
- Joint Institute for Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC), Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, Netherlands
| | - M Giroletti
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica-Istituto di Radioastronomia, via Gobetti 101, I40129, Bologna, Italia
| | - J Yang
- Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, SE-439 92, Sweden.,Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650216 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - B Marcote
- Joint Institute for Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC), Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, Netherlands
| | - J Blanchard
- Joint Institute for Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC), Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, Netherlands
| | - I Agudo
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008, Granada, Spain
| | - T An
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - M G Bernardini
- Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Universitè de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institute National de Physique Nucleaire et Physique des Particules (CNRS/IN2P3), place Eugéne Bataillon, F-34085 Montpellier, France
| | - R Beswick
- Electronic Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network/Very Long Baseline Interferometry (e-MERLIN/VLBI) National Facility, Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - M Branchesi
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, Viale F. Crispi 7, I-67100, L'Aquila, Italy.,Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, INFN, I-67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - S Campana
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, Italy
| | - C Casadio
- Max Planck Institute fur Radioastronomie, Auf dem Huegel 69, Bonn D-53121, Germany
| | - E Chassande-Mottin
- AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC), Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives/ Institute for Research on the Fundamental Laws of the Universe (CEA/IRFU), Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - M Colpi
- Dipartimento di Fisica G. Occhialini, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, IT-20126 Milano, Italy.,Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - S Covino
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, Italy
| | - P D'Avanzo
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, Italy
| | - V D'Elia
- Space Science Data Center, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Via del Politecnico, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - S Frey
- Konkoly Observatory, Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (MTA) Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Gawronski
- Centre for Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - G Ghisellini
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, Italy
| | - L I Gurvits
- Joint Institute for Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC), Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, Netherlands.,Department of Astrodynamics and Space Missions, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, Netherlands
| | - P G Jonker
- Space Research Organisation of the Netherlands (SRON), Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud University, Post Office Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - H J van Langevelde
- Joint Institute for Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC), Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, Netherlands.,Sterrewacht Leiden, Leiden University, Post Office Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - A Melandri
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, Italy
| | - J Moldon
- Electronic Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network/Very Long Baseline Interferometry (e-MERLIN/VLBI) National Facility, Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - L Nava
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, Italy
| | - A Perego
- Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - M A Perez-Torres
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008, Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Física Teórica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50019, Spain
| | - C Reynolds
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Astronomy and Space Science, PO Box 1130, Bentley WA 6102, Australia
| | - R Salvaterra
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica (IASF), via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G Tagliaferri
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, Italy
| | - T Venturi
- Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica-Istituto di Radioastronomia, via Gobetti 101, I40129, Bologna, Italia
| | - S D Vergani
- Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique et Instrumentation (GEPI) Observatoire de Paris, CNRS UMR 8111, Meudon, France
| | - M Zhang
- Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 150 Science 1-Street, Urumqi 831001, China.,Key Laboratory for Radio Astronomy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 West Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
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3
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Izzo L, de Ugarte Postigo A, Maeda K, Thöne CC, Kann DA, Della Valle M, Sagues Carracedo A, Michałowski MJ, Schady P, Schmidl S, Selsing J, Starling RLC, Suzuki A, Bensch K, Bolmer J, Campana S, Cano Z, Covino S, Fynbo JPU, Hartmann DH, Heintz KE, Hjorth J, Japelj J, Kamiński K, Kaper L, Kouveliotou C, Krużyński M, Kwiatkowski T, Leloudas G, Levan AJ, Malesani DB, Michałowski T, Piranomonte S, Pugliese G, Rossi A, Sánchez-Ramírez R, Schulze S, Steeghs D, Tanvir NR, Ulaczyk K, Vergani SD, Wiersema K. Signatures of a jet cocoon in early spectra of a supernova associated with a γ-ray burst. Nature 2019; 565:324-327. [PMID: 30651614 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Long γ-ray bursts are associated with energetic, broad-lined, stripped-envelope supernovae1,2 and as such mark the death of massive stars. The scarcity of such events nearby and the brightness of the γ-ray burst afterglow, which dominates the emission in the first few days after the burst, have so far prevented the study of the very early evolution of supernovae associated with γ-ray bursts3. In hydrogen-stripped supernovae that are not associated with γ-ray bursts, an excess of high-velocity (roughly 30,000 kilometres per second) material has been interpreted as a signature of a choked jet, which did not emerge from the progenitor star and instead deposited all of its energy in a thermal cocoon4. Here we report multi-epoch spectroscopic observations of the supernova SN 2017iuk, which is associated with the γ-ray burst GRB 171205A. Our spectra display features at extremely high expansion velocities (around 115,000 kilometres per second) within the first day after the burst5,6. Using spectral synthesis models developed for SN 2017iuk, we show that these features are characterized by chemical abundances that differ from those observed in the ejecta of SN 2017iuk at later times. We further show that the high-velocity features originate from the mildly relativistic hot cocoon that is generated by an ultra-relativistic jet within the γ-ray burst expanding and decelerating into the medium that surrounds the progenitor star7,8. This cocoon rapidly becomes transparent9 and is outshone by the supernova emission, which starts to dominate the emission three days after the burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Izzo
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, Spain.
| | - A de Ugarte Postigo
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, Spain.,DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenaghen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Maeda
- Department of Astronomy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - C C Thöne
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - D A Kann
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - M Della Valle
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, Spain.,INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy.,International Center for Relativistic Astrophysics Network, Pescara, Italy.,LAPTh, Université de Savoie, CNRS, Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - A Sagues Carracedo
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Physics Department, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M J Michałowski
- Astronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - P Schady
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, Germany.,Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - S Schmidl
- Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Tautenburg, Germany
| | - J Selsing
- DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenaghen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), DTU-Space, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - R L C Starling
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - A Suzuki
- Division of Theoretical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Bensch
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - J Bolmer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, Germany.,European Southern Observatory, Vitacura, Chile
| | - S Campana
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Merate, Italy
| | - Z Cano
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - S Covino
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Merate, Italy
| | - J P U Fynbo
- The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), DTU-Space, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - D H Hartmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - K E Heintz
- The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), DTU-Space, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Centre for Astrophysics and Cosmology, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - J Hjorth
- DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenaghen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Japelj
- Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Kamiński
- Astronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - L Kaper
- Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Kouveliotou
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.,Astronomy, Physics and Statistics Institute of Sciences (APSIS), The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M Krużyński
- Astronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - T Kwiatkowski
- Astronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - G Leloudas
- DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenaghen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A J Levan
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - D B Malesani
- DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenaghen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), DTU-Space, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - T Michałowski
- Astronomical Observatory Institute, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - S Piranomonte
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - G Pugliese
- Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Rossi
- INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - S Schulze
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - D Steeghs
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - N R Tanvir
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - K Ulaczyk
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - S D Vergani
- GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Meudon, France
| | - K Wiersema
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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