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Fisch SM, Neininger MP, Prenzel F, Bernhard MK, Hornemann F, Merkenschlager A, Kiess W, Bertsche T, Bertsche A. Experiences, expectations, and fears of adolescents with epilepsy or bronchial asthma. Eur J Pediatr 2018; 177:1451-1457. [PMID: 29967923 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-018-3200-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epilepsy and bronchial asthma are frequent in adolescents. Data on adolescents' experiences with their disease and on their expectations for the future, however, is scarce. Patients of a university hospital aged 12 to 17 with epilepsy or bronchial asthma were interviewed based on a questionnaire. Forty-five patients with epilepsy and 47 with bronchial asthma were interviewed. Adolescents with epilepsy felt more impaired by their disease (median 2.5; Q25/Q75 0.75/3.0; 6-level Likert scales: 0 = not at all, 5 = very strong) than those with asthma (1.0; 0/3.0; p = 0.017). Seventy-nine patients (85.9%) had never used the Internet to gain information about their disease. Adolescents with epilepsy felt more limited in their career possibilities by their disease (2.0; 0/4.0) than those with asthma (0; 0/2.0; p = 0.001) and had a higher level of concern about passing their disease on to their children (3.0; 0/4.0) than their peers with asthma (1.5; 1.5/3.0; p = 0.016). Girls with epilepsy were more anxious (4.0; 0.5/5.0) than girls with asthma (0; 0/4.0) about complications of the disease regarding pregnancy (p = 0.019). CONCLUSION As well adolescents with epilepsy as with asthma described limitations of their daily life and concerns about the future. What is Known: • Epilepsy and bronchial asthma are frequent chronic diseases in adolescents. • Those diseases can affect psychosocial development. What is New: • Adolescents with epilepsy and bronchial asthma described a high burden of their disease, and most adolescents had not used the Internet to inform themselves on their disease. • Especially adolescents with epilepsy fear limitations in their job possibilities, inheritance of their disease and complications in their prospective pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Marie Fisch
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre of Pediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martina Patrizia Neininger
- Drug Safety Center and Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 32, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Freerk Prenzel
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre of Pediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig Interdisciplinary Center for Allergy (LICA), University Hospital, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Karl Bernhard
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre of Pediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frauke Hornemann
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre of Pediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Merkenschlager
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre of Pediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre of Pediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thilo Bertsche
- Drug Safety Center and Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 32, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Astrid Bertsche
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Centre of Pediatric Research, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,Neuropediatrics, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
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O'Brien DP, Braine MD, Connell JW, Noveck IA, Fisch SM, Fun E. Reasoning about conditional sentences: development of understanding of cues to quantification. J Exp Child Psychol 1989; 48:90-113. [PMID: 2754390 DOI: 10.1016/0022-0965(89)90042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The previous literature has reported that when children are asked to judge the truth or falsity of universally quantified conditional sentences of the form If a thing is P then it is Q they typically give responses, e.g., responding "true" whenever there is a case of P and Q even if there are also cases of P and not-Q. Three experiments are reported that address possible sources of this error. Experiment 1 shows that the error survives on sentences that refer to particular things as well as to things of a particular kind, and further shows that articulating the necessity of the consequent (... then it has to be Q) eliminates the error for adults and reduces it for fifth graders, although it does not affect second grade performance. Experiment 2 shows that for second and fifth graders the error survives to problems that are not universally quantified and for second graders to problems that are not conditionals although are otherwise structurally similar. Experiment 3 compares various verbal formulations of such universally quantified conditionals: Second and fifth graders do not make the error when the quantification is expressed with the surface structure that makes its universality most explicit (all things ...); the error tendency is greatest when the indefinite article is used (if a thing ...); and formulations using any fall in between. We argue that such erroneous evaluations of universally quantified conditionals have more to do with the quantificational aspect than the conditional aspect of the problems; children interpret the indefinite article as existential, although they resist the error when the cue to universal quantification is completely clear. The error appears to result more from the surface-structure form of the stimuli than from an inability of children to appreciate the logic of universally quantified conditionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P O'Brien
- Department of Psychology, Baruch College of the City University of New York, NY 10010
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