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Baidamshina DR, Trizna EY, Goncharova SS, Sorokin AV, Lavlinskaya MS, Melnik AP, Gafarova LF, Kharitonova MA, Ostolopovskaya OV, Artyukhov VG, Sokolova EA, Holyavka MG, Bogachev MI, Kayumov AR, Zelenikhin PV. The Effect of Ficin Immobilized on Carboxymethyl Chitosan on Biofilms of Oral Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16090. [PMID: 38003281 PMCID: PMC10671066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, Ficin, a proteolytic enzyme extracted from the latex sap of the wild fig tree, has been widely investigated as a promising tool for the treatment of microbial biofilms, wound healing, and oral care. Here we report the antibiofilm properties of the enzyme immobilized on soluble carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) and CMCh itself. Ficin was immobilized on CMCh with molecular weights of either 200, 350 or 600 kDa. Among them, the carrier with a molecular weight of 200 kDa bound the maximum amount of enzyme, binding up to 49% of the total protein compared to 19-32% of the total protein bound to other CMChs. Treatment with pure CMCh led to the destruction of biofilms formed by Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans, while no apparent effect on Staphylococcus aureus was observed. A soluble Ficin was less efficient in the destruction of the biofilms formed by Streptococcus sobrinus and S. gordonii. By contrast, treatment with CMCh200-immobilized Ficin led to a significant reduction of the biofilms of the primary colonizers S. gordonii and S. mutans. In model biofilms obtained by the inoculation of swabs from teeth of healthy volunteers, the destruction of the biofilm by both soluble and immobilized Ficin was observed, although the degree of the destruction varied between artificial plaque samples. Nevertheless, combined treatment of oral Streptococci biofilm by enzyme and chlorhexidine for 3 h led to a significant decrease in the viability of biofilm-embedded cells, compared to solely chlorhexidine application. This suggests that the use of either soluble or immobilized Ficin would allow decreasing the amount and/or concentration of the antiseptics required for oral care or improving the efficiency of oral cavity sanitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana R. Baidamshina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.R.B.); (E.Y.T.); (A.P.M.); (L.F.G.); (M.A.K.); (O.V.O.); (E.A.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Elena Yu. Trizna
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.R.B.); (E.Y.T.); (A.P.M.); (L.F.G.); (M.A.K.); (O.V.O.); (E.A.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Svetlana S. Goncharova
- Department of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia; (S.S.G.); (A.V.S.); (M.S.L.); (V.G.A.); (M.G.H.)
| | - Andrey V. Sorokin
- Department of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia; (S.S.G.); (A.V.S.); (M.S.L.); (V.G.A.); (M.G.H.)
- Laboratory of Bioresource Potential of Coastal Area, Institute for Advanced Studies, Sevastopol State University, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Maria S. Lavlinskaya
- Department of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia; (S.S.G.); (A.V.S.); (M.S.L.); (V.G.A.); (M.G.H.)
- Laboratory of Bioresource Potential of Coastal Area, Institute for Advanced Studies, Sevastopol State University, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Anastasia P. Melnik
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.R.B.); (E.Y.T.); (A.P.M.); (L.F.G.); (M.A.K.); (O.V.O.); (E.A.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Leysan F. Gafarova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.R.B.); (E.Y.T.); (A.P.M.); (L.F.G.); (M.A.K.); (O.V.O.); (E.A.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Maya A. Kharitonova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.R.B.); (E.Y.T.); (A.P.M.); (L.F.G.); (M.A.K.); (O.V.O.); (E.A.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Olga V. Ostolopovskaya
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.R.B.); (E.Y.T.); (A.P.M.); (L.F.G.); (M.A.K.); (O.V.O.); (E.A.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Valeriy G. Artyukhov
- Department of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia; (S.S.G.); (A.V.S.); (M.S.L.); (V.G.A.); (M.G.H.)
| | - Evgenia A. Sokolova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.R.B.); (E.Y.T.); (A.P.M.); (L.F.G.); (M.A.K.); (O.V.O.); (E.A.S.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Marina G. Holyavka
- Department of Biophysics and Biotechnology, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia; (S.S.G.); (A.V.S.); (M.S.L.); (V.G.A.); (M.G.H.)
- Laboratory of Bioresource Potential of Coastal Area, Institute for Advanced Studies, Sevastopol State University, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Mikhail I. Bogachev
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University, 197022 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Airat R. Kayumov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.R.B.); (E.Y.T.); (A.P.M.); (L.F.G.); (M.A.K.); (O.V.O.); (E.A.S.); (A.R.K.)
- Interdepartment Research Laboratory, Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine Named after N. E. Bauman, 420029 Kazan, Russia
| | - Pavel V. Zelenikhin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.R.B.); (E.Y.T.); (A.P.M.); (L.F.G.); (M.A.K.); (O.V.O.); (E.A.S.); (A.R.K.)
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Sorokin AV, Goncharova SS, Lavlinskaya MS, Holyavka MG, Faizullin DA, Zuev YF, Kondratyev MS, Artyukhov VG. Complexation of Bromelain, Ficin, and Papain with the Graft Copolymer of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium Salt and N-Vinylimidazole Enhances Enzyme Proteolytic Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11246. [PMID: 37511006 PMCID: PMC10379864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the features of interactions between cysteine proteases (bromelain, ficin, and papain) and a graft copolymer of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt with N-vinylimidazole. The objective is to understand the influence of this interactions on the proteolytic activity and stability of the enzymes. The enzymes were immobilized through complexation with the carrier. The interaction mechanism was examined using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and flexible molecular docking simulations. The findings reveal that the enzymes interact with the functional groups of the carrier via amino acid residues, resulting in the formation of secondary structure elements and enzyme's active sites. These interactions induce modulation of active site of the enzymes, leading to an enhancement in their proteolytic activity. Furthermore, the immobilized enzymes demonstrate superior stability compared to their native counterparts. Notably, during a 21-day incubation period, no protein release from the conjugates was observed. These results suggest that the complexation of the enzymes with the graft copolymer has the potential to improve their performance as biocatalysts, with applications in various fields such as biomedicine, pharmaceutics, and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Sorokin
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Bioresource Potential of the Seaside Territory Laboratory, Sevastopol State University, 33 Studencheskaya Street, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Svetlana S Goncharova
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Maria S Lavlinskaya
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Bioresource Potential of the Seaside Territory Laboratory, Sevastopol State University, 33 Studencheskaya Street, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Marina G Holyavka
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Bioresource Potential of the Seaside Territory Laboratory, Sevastopol State University, 33 Studencheskaya Street, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Dzhigangir A Faizullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yuriy F Zuev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Alexander Butlerov Chemical Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Street 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Maxim S Kondratyev
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the RAS, 3 Institutskaya Street, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Valeriy G Artyukhov
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
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Sorokin AV, Goncharova SS, Lavlinskaya MS, Holyavka MG, Faizullin DA, Kondratyev MS, Kannykin SV, Zuev YF, Artyukhov VG. Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Polymers as Promising Matrices for Ficin Immobilization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030649. [PMID: 36771951 PMCID: PMC9920955 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work is devoted to research on the interaction between carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt and its derivatives (graft copolymer of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt and N,N-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) with cysteine protease (ficin). The interaction was studied by FTIR and by flexible molecular docking, which have shown the conjugates' formation with both matrices. The proteolytic activity assay performed with azocasein demonstrated that the specific activities of all immobilized ficin samples are higher in comparison with those of the native enzyme. This is due to the modulation of the conformation of ficin globule and of the enzyme active site by weak physical interactions involving catalytically valuable amino acids. The results obtained can extend the practical use of ficin in biomedicine and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Sorokin
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioresource Potential of Coastal Area, Institute for Advanced Studies, Sevastopol State University, 33 Studencheskaya Street, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnologies, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 19 Revolutsii Avenue, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Svetlana S. Goncharova
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Maria S. Lavlinskaya
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioresource Potential of Coastal Area, Institute for Advanced Studies, Sevastopol State University, 33 Studencheskaya Street, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnologies, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 19 Revolutsii Avenue, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Marina G. Holyavka
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioresource Potential of Coastal Area, Institute for Advanced Studies, Sevastopol State University, 33 Studencheskaya Street, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Dzhigangir A. Faizullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of the RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Maxim S. Kondratyev
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Structure and Dynamics of Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the RAS, 3 Institutskaya Street, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Kannykin
- Material Science and Nanosystem Industry Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Yuriy F. Zuev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of the RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Valeriy G. Artyukhov
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
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Holyavka MG, Goncharova SS, Sorokin AV, Lavlinskaya MS, Redko YA, Faizullin DA, Baidamshina DR, Zuev YF, Kondratyev MS, Kayumov AR, Artyukhov VG. Novel Biocatalysts Based on Bromelain Immobilized on Functionalized Chitosans and Research on Their Structural Features. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235110. [PMID: 36501516 PMCID: PMC9739615 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization on various carriers represents an effective approach to improve their stability, reusability, and even change their catalytic properties. Here, we show the mechanism of interaction of cysteine protease bromelain with the water-soluble derivatives of chitosan-carboxymethylchitosan, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan, chitosan sulfate, and chitosan acetate-during immobilization and characterize the structural features and catalytic properties of obtained complexes. Chitosan sulfate and carboxymethylchitosan form the highest number of hydrogen bonds with bromelain in comparison with chitosan acetate and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan, leading to a higher yield of protein immobilization on chitosan sulfate and carboxymethylchitosan (up to 58 and 65%, respectively). In addition, all derivatives of chitosan studied in this work form hydrogen bonds with His158 located in the active site of bromelain (except N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan), apparently explaining a significant decrease in the activity of biocatalysts. The N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan displays only physical interactions with His158, thus possibly modulating the structure of the bromelain active site and leading to the hyperactivation of the enzyme, up to 208% of the total activity and 158% of the specific activity. The FTIR analysis revealed that interaction between N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan and bromelain did not significantly change the enzyme structure. Perhaps this is due to the slowing down of aggregation and the autolysis processes during the complex formation of bromelain with a carrier, with a minimal modification of enzyme structure and its active site orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina G. Holyavka
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioresource Potential of Coastal Area, Institute for Advanced Studies, Sevastopol State University, 33 Studencheskaya Street, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
| | - Svetlana S. Goncharova
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Sorokin
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioresource Potential of Coastal Area, Institute for Advanced Studies, Sevastopol State University, 33 Studencheskaya Street, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
- Metagenomics and Food Biotechnologies Laboratory, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 19 Revolutsii Avenue, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Maria S. Lavlinskaya
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioresource Potential of Coastal Area, Institute for Advanced Studies, Sevastopol State University, 33 Studencheskaya Street, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia
- Metagenomics and Food Biotechnologies Laboratory, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 19 Revolutsii Avenue, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Yulia A. Redko
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Dzhigangir A. Faizullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of the RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Diana R. Baidamshina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yuriy F. Zuev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of the RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky Street, 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Maxim S. Kondratyev
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Structure and Dynamics of Biomolecular Systems, Institute of Cell Biophysics of the RAS, 3 Institutskaya Street, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Airat R. Kayumov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Valeriy G. Artyukhov
- Biophysics and Biotechnology Department, Voronezh State University, 1 Universitetskaya Square, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
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