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Destiani DP, Naja S, Dewi S, Rahmadi AR, Sulaiman SAS, Abdulah R. Efficacy of methotrexate in reducing the risk of bone erosion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:805-816. [PMID: 33210179 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Even though new drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been developed, methotrexate (MTX) remains a commonly used drug for RA management. In addition to monitoring disease activity during RA treatment, bone erosion should be closely assessed throughout long-term RA management. In this review article, we present a systematic review of MTX effectiveness in reducing the risk of bone erosion. We reviewed randomized controlled trial studies that involved MTX monotherapy or MTX in combination with placebo. Evaluation of the progression of bone erosion was examined by radiographic assessment such as total Sharp score (TSS) or van der Heijde score (SvdH or vdH TSS), joint space narrowing (JSN), erosion score (ERO), and proportion of radiographic nonprogressors. Several key factors were found to influence the response to MTX treatment, such as gene polymorphism. The exact mechanism of the prevention of bone erosion by MTX remains unclear, which warrants future investigations. The variability of RA disease activity in study subjects resulted in variations in the results reported by individual studies. Collective analysis suggests that MTX could slow down the progression of bone erosion based on a radiographic score of less than 0.5-1/year.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Destiani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM. 21, Jatinangor, Bandung, 45363, Indonesia
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - S Naja
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM. 21, Jatinangor, Bandung, 45363, Indonesia
| | - S Dewi
- Immunology Study Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - A R Rahmadi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - S A S Sulaiman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Advance Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - R Abdulah
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM. 21, Jatinangor, Bandung, 45363, Indonesia.
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
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Salman M, Khan JH, Khan AH, Sulaiman SAS, Aslam Z, Asif N, Mustafa ZU, Hassan M, Saleem Z, Iqbal M. Prevalence and predictors of lower urinary tract symptoms in Pakistani men: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Clinical Urology 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415818815371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of the condition of lower urinary tract symptoms in Pakistani men, determine its predictors and assess its impact on the quality of life. Methods: A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted among men aged 30 years and over in three districts of Punjab province, Pakistan. The modified Urdu version of the International Prostate Symptom Score was used to assess the prevalence and severity of lower urinary tract symptoms. Individuals with total symptom score ⩾8 were considered as having lower urinary tract symptoms. The data were analysed using SPSS version 22. The chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to assess the difference among categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Moreover, binary logistic regressions were performed to determine the predictors of lower urinary tract symptoms. Results: The overall prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms in our sample was 33.7%. The frequency of individuals having mild, moderate and severe lower urinary tract symptoms was 66.3, 30.3 and 3.4%, respectively. Storage symptoms were more common than voiding symptoms (35.6% vs 28.2%, respectively). Increasing age (one-decade interval age stratum), higher education levels, working status (currently not working), smoking, hypertension, diabetes and renal impairment were positive predictors of lower urinary tract symptoms. Moreover, the condition of lower urinary tract symptoms was associated with a significant reduction in an individual’s quality of life. Conclusion: Around one-third of adult Pakistani men suffer from clinically relevant urinary symptoms, with lower urinary tract symptoms sufferers having poor quality of life as compared to non-sufferers. We recommend that the aging population should be made aware of conventional measures to mitigate mild urinary symptoms affecting their routine activities. Level of evidence: 2c
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salman
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Pakistan
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - JH Khan
- National Hospital and Medical Center, Pakistan
| | - AH Khan
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - SAS Sulaiman
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Z Aslam
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Pakistan
| | - N Asif
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Pakistan
| | - ZU Mustafa
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Pakistan
| | - M Hassan
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Z Saleem
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Pakistan
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Ahmad N, Javaid A, Basit A, Afridi AK, Khan MA, Ahmad I, Sulaiman SAS, Khan AH. Management and treatment outcomes of MDR-TB: results from a setting with high rates of drug resistance. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2016; 19:1109-14, i-ii. [PMID: 26260834 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.15.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTINGS Although Pakistan has a high burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), little is known about the management and treatment outcomes of MDR-TB patients in Pakistan. OBJECTIVE To evaluate management and predictors of unsuccessful treatment outcomes among MDR-TB patients. METHODS In this observational cohort study, 196 MDR-TB patients enrolled at the Programmatic Management Unit for drug-resistant TB of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, between 1 January 2012 and 28 February 2013 were included. Patients were followed until an outcome was recorded or 31 January 2015. RESULTS Extensive concurrent resistance to ofloxacin (OFX) and pyrazinamide (54.6%) was observed. Among 181 patients for whom treatment outcome was available, 135 (74.6%) were cured, 1 (0.6%) completed treatment, 35 (19.3%) died, 8 (4.4%) failed treatment and 2 (1.1%) defaulted. In multivariate analysis, predictors of unsuccessful treatment outcome (death, failure and default) were age >40 years (OR 3.412, P = 0.009), baseline body weight <40 kg (OR 2.966, P = 0.020), concurrent comorbidity (OR 3.785, P = 0.023), resistance to OFX (OR 2.777, P = 0.023), lung cavitations at baseline chest X-ray (OR 5.253, P < 0.001) and regimen modification due to adverse events (OR 3.492, P = 0.037). CONCLUSION The treatment outcome results were encouraging. Patients with identifiable predictors of poor treatment outcome should receive enhanced clinical management. Early detection and management of mild adverse effects can help prevent regimen modification and may improve treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ahmad
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - A Javaid
- Department of Pulmonology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Peshawar
| | - A Basit
- Department of Pulmonology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Peshawar
| | - A K Afridi
- Department of Pulmonology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Peshawar
| | - M A Khan
- Peshawar Medical College, Peshawar
| | - I Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S A S Sulaiman
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - A H Khan
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Usman A, Sulaiman SAS, Khan AH, Adnan AS. Profiles of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Multiethnic Diabetic Population of Malaysia. TROP J PHARM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v14i1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Atif M, Sulaiman SAS, Shafie AA, Asif M. Resource Utilization Pattern And Cost Of Tuberculosis Treatment In Penang, Malaysia. Value Health 2014; 17:A725-A726. [PMID: 27202579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Atif
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - A A Shafie
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - M Asif
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Atif M, Sulaiman SAS, Shafie AA, Asif M. Duration of Treatment in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: are International Guidelines on the Management of Tuberculosis Missing Something? Value Health 2014; 17:A780. [PMID: 27202891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Atif
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - A A Shafie
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - M Asif
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Atif M, Toghrayee Z, Sulaiman SAS, Shafie AA, Low HC, Babar ZUD. Missing data Analysis in Longitudinal Studies: Findings from a Quality of Life Study in Malaysian Tuberculosis Patients. Value Health 2014; 17:A778. [PMID: 27202884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Atif
- The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | | | - A A Shafie
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - H C Low
- Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Z U D Babar
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Blebil AQ, S Sulaiman SA, A Hassali M, Dujaili JA, Zin AM. Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Malay Version of the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale. Value Health Reg Issues 2014; 3:19-23. [PMID: 29702926 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assessment of nicotine withdrawal symptoms is an essential part of tobacco dependence treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Malay translated version of the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS). METHODS The original scale was translated into Malay following the standard guidelines proposed for translation studies. The reliability and validity of the Malay version scale were evaluated on the basis of data collected from 133 participants. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to assess the reliability. To validate the psychometric properties of the scale, factor analysis and construct validity were used. This study was conducted at the Quit Smoking Clinic at Penang General Hospital, Penang, Malaysia. RESULTS The translated scale has excellent reliability, with total Cronbach's alpha of 0.91. The test-retest reliability for the scale presented an excellent reliability and stability of the translated scale with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r = 0.876; P < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between the exhaled carbon monoxide level, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence total score, and number of cigarettes smoked per day and the MNWS total score (r = 0.72, 0.68, and 0.68, respectively; P < 0.001). A principal-components analysis with orthogonal rotation yielded a unidimensional model that includes all the items of the MNWS. CONCLUSIONS The Malay version of the MNWS is a reliable and valid measure of withdrawal symptoms as well as the smoking urge, and it is applicable to clinical practice and research study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Q Blebil
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Syed Azhar S Sulaiman
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed A Hassali
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Juman A Dujaili
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Alfian M Zin
- Quit Smoking Clinic, Penang General Hospital, Jalan Residensi, Penang, Malaysia
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Atif M, Sulaiman SAS, Shafie AA, Asif M, Jamshed SQ. Engaging Community Pharmacists and Alternative Practitioners: An Approach to Active Case Finding of Tuberculosis in Malaysia. TROP J PHARM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v12i6.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Atif M, Khalid SH, Onn Kit GL, Sulaiman SAS, Asif M, Chandersekaran A. Development and validation of RP-HPLC-UV method for the determination of Glipizide in human plasma. J Young Pharm 2013; 5:26-9. [PMID: 24023449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jyp.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and selective HPLC method with UV detection for determination of Glipizide in human plasma was developed. Liquid-liquid extraction method was used to extract the drug from the plasma samples. Chromatographic separation of Glipizide was achieved using C18 column (ZORBAX ODS 4.6 × 150 mm). The mobile phase was comprised of 0.01 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate and acetonitrile (65:35, v/v) adjusted to pH 4.25 with glacial acetic acid. The analysis was run at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min with an injection volume was 20 μL. The detector was operated at 275 nm. The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 50-1600 ng/mL. Intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy values were below 15%. The limit of quantification was 50 ng/mL and the mean recovery was above 98%. Freeze-thaw, short-term, long-term and post-preparative stability studies showed that Glipizide in plasma sample was stable. The method may be successfully applied to analyze the Glipizide concentration in plasma samples for bioavailability and bioequivalence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Atif
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Khan AH, Sulaiman SAS, Muttalif AR, Hassali MA, Akram H, Gillani SW, Gillani SW. Pleural Tuberculosis and its Treatment Outcomes. TROP J PHARM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v12i4.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Blebil AQ, Sulaiman SAS, Hassali MA, Dujaili JA, Subramaniam K, Aziz NA. Evaluation of Smoking Status among Diabetes Patients in the State of Penang, Malaysia. TROP J PHARM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v12i3.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Gillani SW, Sulaiman SAS, Sundram S, Sari YO, Baig M, Iqbal MMS. Serological Prediction of infections in Diabetic Patients with Diabetes Ketoacidosis in Penang, Malaysia. TROP J PHARM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v11i5.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Atif M, Sulaiman SAS, Shafie AA, Muttalif AR, Hassali MA, Saleem F. Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in Co-Morbid Tuberculosis Relapse Patient: A Case Report from Malaysia. TROP J PHARM RES 2012. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v11i4.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Atif M, Sulaiman SAS, Shafi AA, Muttalif AR, Ali I, Saleem F. Applying patient centered approach in management of pulmonary tuberculosis: A case report from Malaysia. J Basic Clin Pharm 2011; 2:129-31. [PMID: 24826012 PMCID: PMC3979223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A 24 year university student with history of productive cough was registered as sputum smear confirmed case of pulmonary tuberculosis. During treatment, patient suffered from itchiness associated with anti tuberculosis drugs and was treated with chlorpheniramine (4mg) tablet. Patient missed twenty eight doses of anti tuberculosis drugs in continuation phase claiming that he was very busy in his studies and assignments. Upon questioning he further explained that he was quite healthy after five months and unable to concentrate on his studies after taking prescribed medicines. His treatment was stopped based on clinical improvement, although he did not complete six months therapy. Two major reasons; false perception of being completely cured and side effects associated with anti TB drugs might be responsible for non adherence. Non sedative anti histamines like fexofenadine, citrizine or loratidine should be preferred over first generation anti histamines (chlorpheniramine) in patients with such lifestyle. Patient had not completed full course of chemotherapy, which is preliminary requirement for a case to be classified as "cure" and "treatment completed". Moreover, patient had not defaulted for two consecutive months. Therefore, according to WHO treatment outcome categories, this patient can neither be classified as "cure" or "treatment completed" nor as "defaulter". Further elaboration of WHO treatment outcome categories is required for adequate classification of patients with similar characteristics. Likelihood of non adherence can be significantly reduced by applying the WHO recommended "Patient Centered Approach" strategy. Close friend, class mate or family member can be selected as treatment supporter to ensure adherence to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Atif
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia,,Corresponding Author: E-mail:
| | - SAS Sulaiman
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia
| | - AA Shafi
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia
| | - AR Muttalif
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I Ali
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Pulau Penang, Penang, Malaysia
| | - F Saleem
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia
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Atif M, Ahmad M, Qamar-uz-zaman M, Asif M, Sulaiman SAS, Shafie AA, Masood I, Minhas U, Us-saqib N. Glipizide Pharmacokinetics in Healthy and Diabetic Volunteers. TROP J PHARM RES 2011. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v10i2.66555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Anwar M, Sulaiman SAS, Ahmadi K, Khan TM. Erratum to: Awareness of school students on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and their sexual behaviour: a cross-sectional study conducted in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. BMC Public Health 2010. [PMCID: PMC2955007 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Al-Qazaz HK, Hassali MA, Shafie AA, Sulaiman SAS, Sundram S. The 14-item Michigan Diabetes Knowledge Test: translation and validation study of the Malaysian version. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Anwar M, Sulaiman SAS, Ahmadi K, Khan TM. Awareness of school students on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and their sexual behavior: a cross-sectional study conducted in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:47. [PMID: 20113511 PMCID: PMC2824738 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 01/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sexually transmitted Infections (STIs) rank among the most important health issues for the people especially the young adults worldwide. Young people tend to engage in sexual activity at younger ages in the past decade than in the 1970s, and 1980s. Knowledge is an essential precursor of sexual risk reduction. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, to produce the baseline information about school students' awareness and perception about sexually transmitted Infections (STIs) and their sexual activity to help establish control and education programmes. Methods Students from form 4 (aged between 15 to 16 years), form 5 (aged between 16 to 17 years) and form 6 (aged between 18 to 20 years) in their class rooms were approached and asked to complete self administered and anonymous pre-validated questionnaires. SPSS for windows version 13 was used to analyze the results statistically and results were presented in tabular form. Results Data was collected from 1139 students aged between 15 to 20 years, 10.6% of which claimed that they never heard about STIs. Sexual experience related significantly with gender, race, and education level. Approximately 12.6% claimed to have sexual experience of which 75.7% had their sexual debut at 15-19 years and 38.2% were having more than 3 partners. Sexual experience was found to be significantly associated with gender (p = 0.003), ethnicity (p = 0.001) and education level (p = 0.030). However, multiple partner behaviour was significantly associated only with gender (p = 0.010). Mean knowledge score was 11.60 ± 8.781 and knowledge level was significantly associated with religion (p = 0.005) education level (p = 0.000), course stream (p = 0.000), socioeconomic class (p = 0.000) and sexual experience (p = 0.022). Conclusions It was concluded that school students have moderate level of knowledge about STIs although they are sexually active. Interventions such as reinforcing the link between STIs and HIV/AIDS, assessing the current status of sexuality education in schools and arranging public talks and seminars focusing on STIs prevention education are needed to improve their awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassir Anwar
- School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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