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Kemenesi G, Zeghbib S, Somogyi BA, Tóth GE, Bányai K, Solymosi N, Szabo PM, Szabó I, Bálint Á, Urbán P, Herczeg R, Gyenesei A, Nagy Á, Pereszlényi CI, Babinszky GC, Dudás G, Terhes G, Zöldi V, Lovas R, Tenczer S, Kornya L, Jakab F. Multiple SARS-CoV-2 Introductions Shaped the Early Outbreak in Central Eastern Europe: Comparing Hungarian Data to a Worldwide Sequence Data-Matrix. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121401. [PMID: 33291299 PMCID: PMC7762115 DOI: 10.3390/v12121401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 is the third highly pathogenic human coronavirus in history. Since the emergence in Hubei province, China, during late 2019, the situation evolved to pandemic level. Following China, Europe was the second epicenter of the pandemic. To better comprehend the detailed founder mechanisms of the epidemic evolution in Central-Eastern Europe, particularly in Hungary, we determined the full-length SARS-CoV-2 genomes from 32 clinical samples collected from laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients over the first month of disease in Hungary. We applied a haplotype network analysis on all available complete genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from GISAID database as of 21 April 2020. We performed additional phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses to achieve the recognition of multiple and parallel introductory events into our region. Here, we present a publicly available network imaging of the worldwide haplotype relations of SARS-CoV-2 sequences and conclude the founder mechanisms of the outbreak in Central-Eastern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Kemenesi
- National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.Z.); (B.A.S.); (G.E.T.)
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence: (G.K.); (F.J.)
| | - Safia Zeghbib
- National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.Z.); (B.A.S.); (G.E.T.)
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs A Somogyi
- National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.Z.); (B.A.S.); (G.E.T.)
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Endre Tóth
- National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.Z.); (B.A.S.); (G.E.T.)
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, 1093 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Norbert Solymosi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1078 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Peter M Szabo
- Translational Discovery, Stromal Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08648, USA;
| | - István Szabó
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Safety Office, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (I.S.); (Á.B.)
| | - Ádám Bálint
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Safety Office, 1143 Budapest, Hungary; (I.S.); (Á.B.)
| | - Péter Urbán
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (P.U.); (R.H.); (A.G.)
| | - Róbert Herczeg
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (P.U.); (R.H.); (A.G.)
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (P.U.); (R.H.); (A.G.)
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ágnes Nagy
- Medical Centre, Hungarian Defense Forces, 1114 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.N.); (C.I.P.); (G.C.B.); (G.D.)
| | - Csaba István Pereszlényi
- Medical Centre, Hungarian Defense Forces, 1114 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.N.); (C.I.P.); (G.C.B.); (G.D.)
| | - Gergely Csaba Babinszky
- Medical Centre, Hungarian Defense Forces, 1114 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.N.); (C.I.P.); (G.C.B.); (G.D.)
| | - Gábor Dudás
- Medical Centre, Hungarian Defense Forces, 1114 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.N.); (C.I.P.); (G.C.B.); (G.D.)
| | - Gabriella Terhes
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | | | - Róbert Lovas
- Institute for Computer Science and Control (SZTAKI), Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 1111 Budapest, Hungary; (R.L.); (S.T.)
| | - Szabolcs Tenczer
- Institute for Computer Science and Control (SZTAKI), Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 1111 Budapest, Hungary; (R.L.); (S.T.)
| | - László Kornya
- Central Hospital of Southern Pest—National Institute of Hematolgy and Infectious Diseases, 1476 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ferenc Jakab
- National Laboratory of Virology, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (S.Z.); (B.A.S.); (G.E.T.)
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence: (G.K.); (F.J.)
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