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Tedesco D, Adja KYC, Rallo F, Reno C, Fantini MP, Hernandez-Boussard T. Is the firearm epidemic in the US getting worse? Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The US is the least regulated firearm market in the Western world and firearm violence is a major public health issue. Firearms account for 40,000 deaths in the US annually, which is higher than other high-income countries. Although most of the gun-related deaths in the US are the result of suicide attempts and self-inflicted injuries, nearly 40% of them come from accidents, assaults, or police intervention.
Methods
We measured the number of non-self-inflicted firearm-related ED visits, by including patients discharged with diagnostic ICD-9-CM (ICD-10 for 2016) codes of accidents, assaults or legal intervention resulting in firearm injuries between 2006-2016. We used data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUPnet). From the CDC Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research we obtained data on non-suicidal firearm-related deaths over the period 2006-2017. To identify the cause of death we used the ICD-10 codes. Temporal changes of rates of ED visits and deaths were evaluated using Joinpoint Software.
Results
In 2006 there were a total of 79,998 ED visits with a diagnostic code of firearm-related injury, and this number showed a non-significant 2.7% annual decline between 2006-2013 (p = 0.06) followed by a significant 19.4% annual increase between 2013-2016 (p < 0.05), resulting in 111.305 visits in 2016. The number of non-suicidal firearm-related deaths showed a significant 2.2% annual decline between 2006-2014 (p < 0.05), followed by a significant 10.3% APC (p < 0.05) between 2014-2017.
Conclusions
Data showed steady rates until 2013 and a striking increasing trend starting from 2013. Firearm-related deaths followed the same trends. Our data show that in the last four detectable years there has been a new concerning wave of gun violence and consequently a higher number of fatalities. Analysis limitations: we used national-level aggregate data and coding accuracy may be not consistent nationwide.
Key messages
In the last four detectable years there has been a new concerning wave of gun violence and consequently a higher number of fatalities nationwide. The US firearm related deaths epidemic urges for new policies and preventive measures, such as stricter background checks and restrictions on guns ownership.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tedesco
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum- University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - K Y C Adja
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum- University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Rallo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum- University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Reno
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum- University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M P Fantini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum- University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Hernandez-Boussard T, Zimlichman E. ISQUA18-1431Leveraging Health Information Technology to Measure and Report Patient Centered Outcomes. Int J Qual Health Care 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzy167.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - E Zimlichman
- Center for Patient Safety Research and Practice, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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Hernandez-Boussard T, Desai K. ISQUA17-2132IDENTIFICATION OF PATIENTS AT HIGH RISK FOR POOR PAIN MANAGEMENT USING CLINICAL PATHWAYS WITHIN EHRS. Int J Qual Health Care 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzx125.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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4
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Hernandez-Boussard T. ISQUA16-1363UTILIZING ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD DOCUMENTATION TO MEASURE VALUE FOR PROSTATE CANCER CLINICAL CARE. Int J Qual Health Care 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzw104.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Woodard G, Ahmed S, Podelski V, Hernandez-Boussard T, Presti J, Morton JM. Effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on testosterone and prostate-specific antigen. Br J Surg 2012; 99:693-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.8693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Obese men have lower serum levels of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), but an increased risk of dying from prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of surgically induced weight loss on serum testosterone, DHEA and PSA levels in obese men.
Methods
Consecutive men undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) participated in a prospective, longitudinal study. Main outcomes were changes were body mass index (BMI), percentage excess weight loss, serum levels of testosterone, DHEA and PSA, PSA mass and plasma volume, measured before operation and 3, 6 and 12 months later.
Results
In 64 patients, mean BMI fell from 48·2 kg/m2 before operation to 39·2, 35·6 and 32·4 kg/m2 at 3, 6 and 12 months after RYGB. Testosterone levels rose significantly from 259 ng/dl to 386, 452 and 520 ng/dl respectively. Serum PSA levels increased significantly from 0·51 ng/ml to 0·67 ng/ml at 12 months. There were no significant changes in DHEA or PSA mass.
Conclusion
RYGB normalizes the serum testosterone level. PSA levels increase with weight loss and may be inversely correlated with changes in plasma volume, indicating that PSA levels may be artificially low in obese men owing to haemodilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Woodard
- Department of Surgery, Section of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, California, USA
| | - S Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, Section of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, California, USA
| | - V Podelski
- Institut de Recherche Contre les Cancers de l'Appareil Digestif, Strasbourg, France
| | - T Hernandez-Boussard
- Department of Surgery, Section of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, California, USA
| | - J Presti
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - J M Morton
- Department of Surgery, Section of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, California, USA
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Schultz G, Joh J, Dua M, Tedesco M, Hernandez-Boussard T, Dalman R, Zhou W. A Single-Center Experience n Endovascular Treatment of Symptomatic Abdominal Aortic Aneursym Disease. J Surg Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.11.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kim YH, Kwei KA, Girard L, Salari K, Kao J, Pacyna-Gengelbach M, Wang P, Hernandez-Boussard T, Gazdar AF, Petersen I, Minna JD, Pollack JR. Genomic and functional analysis identifies CRKL as an oncogene amplified in lung cancer. Oncogene 2009; 29:1421-30. [PMID: 19966867 PMCID: PMC3320568 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
DNA amplifications, leading to the overexpression of oncogenes, are a cardinal feature of lung cancer and directly contribute to its pathogenesis. To uncover novel such alterations, we performed an array-based comparative genomic hybridization survey of 128 non-small cell lung cancer cell lines and tumors. Prominent among our findings, we identified recurrent high-level amplification at cytoband 22q11.21 in 3% of lung cancer specimens, with another 11% of specimens exhibiting low-level gain spanning that locus. The 22q11.21 amplicon core contained eight named genes, only four of which were overexpressed (by transcript profiling) when amplified. Among these, CRKL encodes an adaptor protein functioning in signal transduction, best known as a substrate of the BCR-ABL kinase in chronic myelogenous leukemia. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of CRKL in lung cancer cell lines with (but not without) amplification led to significantly decreased cell proliferation, cell-cycle progression, cell survival, and cell motility and invasion. In addition, overexpression of CRKL in immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells led to EGF-independent cell growth. Our findings indicate that amplification and resultant overexpression of CRKL contributes to diverse oncogenic phenotypes in lung cancer, with implications for targeted therapy, and highlighting a role of adapter proteins as primary genetic drivers of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kim
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5176, USA
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Parent R, Long E, Zimmer D, Teshome M, Ly D, Mohr C, Hernandez-Boussard T, Curet M, Dutta S. 26. Early and Intermediate Effects of a Surgical Skills “Boot Camp” on an Objective Assessment of Technical Skills: A Randomized Controlled Study. J Surg Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kwei KA, Kim YH, Girard L, Kao J, Pacyna-Gengelbach M, Salari K, Lee J, Choi YL, Sato M, Wang P, Hernandez-Boussard T, Gazdar AF, Petersen I, Minna JD, Pollack JR. Genomic profiling identifies TITF1 as a lineage-specific oncogene amplified in lung cancer. Oncogene 2008; 27:3635-40. [PMID: 18212743 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1211012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death, where the amplification of oncogenes contributes to tumorigenesis. Genomic profiling of 128 lung cancer cell lines and tumors revealed frequent focal DNA amplification at cytoband 14q13.3, a locus not amplified in other tumor types. The smallest region of recurrent amplification spanned the homeobox transcription factor TITF1 (thyroid transcription factor 1; also called NKX2-1), previously linked to normal lung development and function. When amplified, TITF1 exhibited increased expression at both the RNA and protein levels. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of TITF1 in lung cancer cell lines with amplification led to reduced cell proliferation, manifested by both decreased cell-cycle progression and increased apoptosis. Our findings indicate that TITF1 amplification and overexpression contribute to lung cancer cell proliferation rates and survival and implicate TITF1 as a lineage-specific oncogene in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Kwei
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5176, USA
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Kim YH, Girard L, Giacomini CP, Wang P, Hernandez-Boussard T, Tibshirani R, Minna JD, Pollack JR. Combined microarray analysis of small cell lung cancer reveals altered apoptotic balance and distinct expression signatures of MYC family gene amplification. Oncogene 2006; 25:130-8. [PMID: 16116477 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
DNA amplifications and deletions frequently contribute to the development and progression of lung cancer. To identify such novel alterations in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), we performed comparative genomic hybridization on a set of 24 SCLC cell lines, using cDNA microarrays representing approximately 22,000 human genes (providing an average mapping resolution of <70 kb). We identified localized DNA amplifications corresponding to oncogenes known to be amplified in SCLC, including MYC (8q24), MYCN (2p24) and MYCL1 (1p34). Additional highly localized DNA amplifications suggested candidate oncogenes not previously identified as amplified in SCLC, including the antiapoptotic genes TNFRSF4 (1p36), DAD1 (14q11), BCL2L1 (20q11) and BCL2L2 (14q11). Likewise, newly discovered PCR-validated homozygous deletions suggested candidate tumor-suppressor genes, including the proapoptotic genes MAPK10 (4q21) and TNFRSF6 (10q23). To characterize the effect of DNA amplification on gene expression patterns, we performed expression profiling using the same microarray platform. Among our findings, we identified sets of genes whose expression correlated with MYC, MYCN or MYCL1 amplification, with surprisingly little overlap among gene sets. While both MYC and MYCN amplification were associated with increased and decreased expression of known MYC upregulated and downregulated targets, respectively, MYCL1 amplification was associated only with the latter. Our findings support a role of altered apoptotic balance in the pathogenesis of SCLC, and suggest that MYC family genes might affect oncogenesis through distinct sets of targets, in particular implicating the importance of transcriptional repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kim
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5176, USA
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Langerød A, Zhao H, Borgan Ø, Nesland JM, Hernandez-Boussard T, Bukholm IK, Kåresen R, Børresen-Dale AL, Jeffrey SS. Gene expression profiles and the TP53 mutation status are powerful prognostic markers of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2005. [PMCID: PMC4233595 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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12
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Sherlock G, Hernandez-Boussard T, Kasarskis A, Binkley G, Matese JC, Dwight SS, Kaloper M, Weng S, Jin H, Ball CA, Eisen MB, Spellman PT, Brown PO, Botstein D, Cherry JM. The Stanford Microarray Database. Nucleic Acids Res 2001; 29:152-5. [PMID: 11125075 PMCID: PMC29818 DOI: 10.1093/nar/29.1.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Stanford Microarray Database (SMD) stores raw and normalized data from microarray experiments, and provides web interfaces for researchers to retrieve, analyze and visualize their data. The two immediate goals for SMD are to serve as a storage site for microarray data from ongoing research at Stanford University, and to facilitate the public dissemination of that data once published, or released by the researcher. Of paramount importance is the connection of microarray data with the biological data that pertains to the DNA deposited on the microarray (genes, clones etc.). SMD makes use of many public resources to connect expression information to the relevant biology, including SGD [Ball,C.A., Dolinski,K., Dwight,S.S., Harris,M.A., Issel-Tarver,L., Kasarskis,A., Scafe,C.R., Sherlock,G., Binkley,G., Jin,H. et al. (2000) Nucleic Acids Res., 28, 77-80], YPD and WormPD [Costanzo,M.C., Hogan,J.D., Cusick,M.E., Davis,B.P., Fancher,A.M., Hodges,P.E., Kondu,P., Lengieza,C., Lew-Smith,J.E., Lingner,C. et al. (2000) Nucleic Acids Res., 28, 73-76], Unigene [Wheeler,D.L., Chappey,C., Lash,A.E., Leipe,D.D., Madden,T.L., Schuler,G.D., Tatusova,T.A. and Rapp,B.A. (2000) Nucleic Acids Res., 28, 10-14], dbEST [Boguski,M.S., Lowe,T.M. and Tolstoshev,C.M. (1993) Nature Genet., 4, 332-333] and SWISS-PROT [Bairoch,A. and Apweiler,R. (2000) Nucleic Acids Res., 28, 45-48] and can be accessed at http://genome-www.stanford.edu/microarray.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sherlock
- Department of Genetics, Center for Clinical Sciences Research, 269 Campus Drive, Room 2255b, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5163, USA.
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Hernandez-Boussard T, Rodriguez-Tome P, Montesano R, Hainaut P. IARC p53 mutation database: a relational database to compile and analyze p53 mutations in human tumors and cell lines. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Hum Mutat 2000; 14:1-8. [PMID: 10447253 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(1999)14:1<1::aid-humu1>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 gene is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer. To date, more than 10,000 mutations have been described in the literature, and these data are available in various electronic formats on the World Wide Web. Here we describe the structure and format of the different p53 datasets maintained and curated at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in Lyon, France. These include p53 somatic mutations (more than 10,000 entries), p53 germline mutations (144 entries), and p53 polymorphisms (13 entries), with the somatic mutations organized into a relational database using AccessTM. The main features of these datasets are (1) controlled entry with standardized format and restricted vocabulary, (2) inclusion of annotations on individual characteristics and exposures, and (3) a classification of pathologies based on the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O). In addition, several interfaces have been developed to analyze the data in order to produce mutation spectra, codon analyses, or visualization of the mutation with the tertiary structure of the protein. All datasets and tools for analysis are available at http://www.iarc.fr/p53/homepage.
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Hernandez-Boussard T, Montesano R, Hainaut P. Analysis of somatic mutations of the p53 gene in human cancers: a tool to generate hypotheses about the natural history of cancer. IARC Sci Publ 1999:43-53. [PMID: 10353383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Hernandez-Boussard T, Montesano R, Hainaut P. Sources of bias in the detection and reporting of p53 mutations in human cancer: analysis of the IARC p53 mutation database. Genet Anal 1999; 14:229-33. [PMID: 10084119 DOI: 10.1016/s1050-3862(98)00030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
p53 gene encodes a transcription factor with tumor suppressive properties and to date, somatic mutation of this gene is the most common genetic event in human cancer. A relational database has been developed to facilitate the retrieval and analysis of these mutations at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and it currently contains information on over 8000 individual tumors and cell lines. Many factors may influence the detection and reporting of mutations, including selection of tumor samples, study design, choice of methods, and quality control. There is also concern that several biases may affect the way data appear in the literature. Minimizing these biases is an essential methodological issue in the development of mutation data-bases. In this paper, we review and discuss these main sources of bias and make recommendations to authors in order to minimize bias in mutation detection and reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hernandez-Boussard
- International Agency for Research on Cancer Unit of Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Lyon, France
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