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Zuehlsdorff TJ, Isborn CM. Combining the ensemble and Franck-Condon approaches for calculating spectral shapes of molecules in solution. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:024110. [PMID: 29331131 DOI: 10.1063/1.5006043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The correct treatment of vibronic effects is vital for the modeling of absorption spectra of many solvated dyes. Vibronic spectra for small dyes in solution can be easily computed within the Franck-Condon approximation using an implicit solvent model. However, implicit solvent models neglect specific solute-solvent interactions on the electronic excited state. On the other hand, a straightforward way to account for solute-solvent interactions and temperature-dependent broadening is by computing vertical excitation energies obtained from an ensemble of solute-solvent conformations. Ensemble approaches usually do not account for vibronic transitions and thus often produce spectral shapes in poor agreement with experiment. We address these shortcomings by combining zero-temperature vibronic fine structure with vertical excitations computed for a room-temperature ensemble of solute-solvent configurations. In this combined approach, all temperature-dependent broadening is treated classically through the sampling of configurations and quantum mechanical vibronic contributions are included as a zero-temperature correction to each vertical transition. In our calculation of the vertical excitations, significant regions of the solvent environment are treated fully quantum mechanically to account for solute-solvent polarization and charge-transfer. For the Franck-Condon calculations, a small amount of frozen explicit solvent is considered in order to capture solvent effects on the vibronic shape function. We test the proposed method by comparing calculated and experimental absorption spectra of Nile red and the green fluorescent protein chromophore in polar and non-polar solvents. For systems with strong solute-solvent interactions, the combined approach yields significant improvements over the ensemble approach. For systems with weak to moderate solute-solvent interactions, both the high-energy vibronic tail and the width of the spectra are in excellent agreement with experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Zuehlsdorff
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, N. Lake Road, Merced, California 95344, USA
| | - C M Isborn
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, N. Lake Road, Merced, California 95344, USA
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Zuehlsdorff TJ, Haynes PD, Payne MC, Hine NDM. Predicting solvatochromic shifts and colours of a solvated organic dye: The example of nile red. J Chem Phys 2018; 146:124504. [PMID: 28388154 DOI: 10.1063/1.4979196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The solvatochromic shift, as well as the change in colour of the simple organic dye nile red, is studied in two polar and two non-polar solvents in the context of large-scale time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) calculations treating large parts of the solvent environment from first principles. We show that an explicit solvent representation is vital to resolve absorption peak shifts between nile red in n-hexane and toluene, as well as acetone and ethanol. The origin of the failure of implicit solvent models for these solvents is identified as being due to the strong solute-solvent interactions in form of π-stacking and hydrogen bonding in the case of toluene and ethanol. We furthermore demonstrate that the failures of the computationally inexpensive Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional in describing some features of the excited state potential energy surface of the S1 state of nile red can be corrected for in a straightforward fashion, relying only on a small number of calculations making use of more sophisticated range-separated hybrid functionals. The resulting solvatochromic shifts and predicted colours are in excellent agreement with experiment, showing the computational approach outlined in this work to yield very robust predictions of optical properties of dyes in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Zuehlsdorff
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - P D Haynes
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - M C Payne
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - N D M Hine
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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Charlton RJ, Fogarty RM, Bogatko S, Zuehlsdorff TJ, Hine NDM, Heeney M, Horsfield AP, Haynes PD. Implicit and explicit host effects on excitons in pentacene derivatives. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:104108. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5017285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Charlton
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - R. M. Fogarty
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - S. Bogatko
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - T. J. Zuehlsdorff
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - N. D. M. Hine
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - M. Heeney
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A. P. Horsfield
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - P. D. Haynes
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Zuehlsdorff TJ, Isborn CM. Erratum: “Combining the ensemble and Franck-Condon approaches for calculating spectral shapes of molecules in solution” [J. Chem. Phys. 148, 024110 (2018)]. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:079901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5024413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Zuehlsdorff
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, N. Lake Road, Merced, California 95344, USA
| | - C. M. Isborn
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, N. Lake Road, Merced, California 95344, USA
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Zuehlsdorff TJ, Hine NDM, Payne MC, Haynes PD. Erratum: “Linear-scaling time-dependent density-functional theory beyond the Tamm-Dancoff approximation: Obtaining efficiency and accuracy with in situ optimised local orbitals” [J. Chem. Phys. 143, 204107 (2015)]. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:219902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4953078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Zuehlsdorff
- Cavendish Laboratory, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - N. D. M. Hine
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - M. C. Payne
- Cavendish Laboratory, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - P. D. Haynes
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Zuehlsdorff TJ, Haynes PD, Hanke F, Payne MC, Hine NDM. Solvent Effects on Electronic Excitations of an Organic Chromophore. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:1853-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Zuehlsdorff
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | | | - F. Hanke
- Dassault Systèmes
BIOVIA, 334 Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0WN, U.K
| | - M. C. Payne
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - N. D. M. Hine
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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Zuehlsdorff TJ, Hine NDM, Payne MC, Haynes PD. Linear-scaling time-dependent density-functional theory beyond the Tamm-Dancoff approximation: Obtaining efficiency and accuracy with in situ optimised local orbitals. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:204107. [PMID: 26627950 DOI: 10.1063/1.4936280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a solution of the full time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) eigenvalue equation in the linear response formalism exhibiting a linear-scaling computational complexity with system size, without relying on the simplifying Tamm-Dancoff approximation (TDA). The implementation relies on representing the occupied and unoccupied subspaces with two different sets of in situ optimised localised functions, yielding a very compact and efficient representation of the transition density matrix of the excitation with the accuracy associated with a systematic basis set. The TDDFT eigenvalue equation is solved using a preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm that is very memory-efficient. The algorithm is validated on a small test molecule and a good agreement with results obtained from standard quantum chemistry packages is found, with the preconditioner yielding a significant improvement in convergence rates. The method developed in this work is then used to reproduce experimental results of the absorption spectrum of bacteriochlorophyll in an organic solvent, where it is demonstrated that the TDA fails to reproduce the main features of the low energy spectrum, while the full TDDFT equation yields results in good qualitative agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, the need for explicitly including parts of the solvent into the TDDFT calculations is highlighted, making the treatment of large system sizes necessary that are well within reach of the capabilities of the algorithm introduced here. Finally, the linear-scaling properties of the algorithm are demonstrated by computing the lowest excitation energy of bacteriochlorophyll in solution. The largest systems considered in this work are of the same order of magnitude as a variety of widely studied pigment-protein complexes, opening up the possibility of studying their properties without having to resort to any semiclassical approximations to parts of the protein environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Zuehlsdorff
- Cavendish Laboratory, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - N D M Hine
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - M C Payne
- Cavendish Laboratory, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - P D Haynes
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Li JH, Zuehlsdorff TJ, Payne MC, Hine NDM. Identifying and tracing potential energy surfaces of electronic excitations with specific character via their transition origins: application to oxirane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:12065-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01018g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We show that the transition origins of electronic excitations identified by quantified natural transition orbital (QNTO) analysis can be employed to connect potential energy surfaces (PESs) according to their character across a wide range of molecular geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hao Li
- TCM Group
- Cavendish Laboratory
- Cambridge CB3 0HE
- UK
| | | | - M. C. Payne
- TCM Group
- Cavendish Laboratory
- Cambridge CB3 0HE
- UK
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Zuehlsdorff TJ, Hine NDM, Spencer JS, Harrison NM, Riley DJ, Haynes PD. Linear-scaling time-dependent density-functional theory in the linear response formalism. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:064104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4817330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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