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Affiliation(s)
- T Vitova
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - P W Roesky
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - S Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35043, Marburg, Germany.
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Epifano E, Naji M, Manara D, Scheinost AC, Hennig C, Lechelle J, Konings RJM, Guéneau C, Prieur D, Vitova T, Dardenne K, Rothe J, Martin PM. Extreme multi-valence states in mixed actinide oxides. Commun Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-019-0161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Zimina A, Dardenne K, Denecke MA, Doronkin DE, Huttel E, Lichtenberg H, Mangold S, Pruessmann T, Rothe J, Spangenberg T, Steininger R, Vitova T, Geckeis H, Grunwaldt JD. CAT-ACT-A new highly versatile x-ray spectroscopy beamline for catalysis and radionuclide science at the KIT synchrotron light facility ANKA. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:113113. [PMID: 29195371 DOI: 10.1063/1.4999928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CAT-ACT-the hard X-ray beamline for CATalysis and ACTinide/radionuclide research at the KIT synchrotron radiation facility ANKA-is dedicated to X-ray spectroscopy, including "flux hungry" photon-in/photon-out and correlative techniques and combines state-of-the-art optics with a unique infrastructure for radionuclide and catalysis research. Measurements can be performed at photon energies varying between 3.4 keV and 55 keV, thus encompassing the actinide M- and L-edge or potassium K-edge up to the K-edges of the lanthanide series such as cerium. Well-established X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy in transmission and fluorescence detection modes is available in combination with high energy-resolution X-ray emission spectroscopy or X-ray diffraction techniques. The modular beamline design with two alternately operated in-line experimental stations enables sufficient flexibility to adapt sample environments and detection systems to many scientific challenges. The ACT experimental station focuses on various aspects of nuclear waste disposal within the mission of the Helmholtz association to contribute to the solution of one of the greatest scientific and social challenges of our time-the safe disposal of heat producing, highly radioactive waste forms from nuclear energy production. It augments present capabilities at the INE-Beamline by increasing the flux and extending the energy range into the hard X-ray regime. The CAT experimental station focuses on catalytic materials, e.g., for energy-related and exhaust gas catalysis. Characterization of catalytically active materials under realistic reaction conditions and the development of in situ and operando cells for sample environments close to industrial reactors are essential aspects at CAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zimina
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - K Dardenne
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - M A Denecke
- The University of Manchester, Dalton Nuclear Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - D E Doronkin
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - E Huttel
- Institute for Beam Physics and Technology (IBPT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - H Lichtenberg
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - S Mangold
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - T Pruessmann
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - J Rothe
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Th Spangenberg
- Institute for Beam Physics and Technology (IBPT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - R Steininger
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - T Vitova
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - H Geckeis
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - J-D Grunwaldt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Vitova T, Pidchenko I, Fellhauer D, Bagus PS, Joly Y, Pruessmann T, Bahl S, Gonzalez-Robles E, Rothe J, Altmaier M, Denecke MA, Geckeis H. The role of the 5f valence orbitals of early actinides in chemical bonding. Nat Commun 2017; 8:16053. [PMID: 28681848 PMCID: PMC5504295 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms16053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the long standing debates in actinide chemistry is the level of localization and participation of the actinide 5f valence orbitals in covalent bonds across the actinide series. Here we illuminate the role of the 5f valence orbitals of uranium, neptunium and plutonium in chemical bonding using advanced spectroscopies: actinide M4,5 HR-XANES and 3d4f RIXS. Results reveal that the 5f orbitals are active in the chemical bonding for uranium and neptunium, shown by significant variations in the level of their localization evidenced in the spectra. In contrast, the 5f orbitals of plutonium appear localized and surprisingly insensitive to different bonding environments. We envisage that this report of using relative energy differences between the 5fδ/φ and 5fπ*/5fσ* orbitals as a qualitative measure of overlap-driven actinyl bond covalency will spark activity, and extend to numerous applications of RIXS and HR-XANES to gain new insights into the electronic structures of the actinide elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Vitova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - I. Pidchenko
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D. Fellhauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P. S. Bagus
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, USA
| | - Y. Joly
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inst NEEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Inst NEEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - T. Pruessmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S. Bahl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E. Gonzalez-Robles
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J. Rothe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. Altmaier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. A. Denecke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - H. Geckeis
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), P.O. 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Zimina A, Dardenne K, Denecke MA, Grunwaldt JD, Huttel E, Lichtenberg H, Mangold S, Pruessmann T, Rothe J, Steininger R, Vitova T. The CAT-ACT Beamline at ANKA: A new high energy X-ray spectroscopy facility for CATalysis and ACTinide research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/712/1/012019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Pidchenko I, Heberling F, Kvashnina KO, Finck N, Schild D, Bohnert E, Schäfer T, Rothe J, Geckeis H, Vitova T. Aqueous U(VI) interaction with magnetite nanoparticles in a mixed flow reactor system: HR-XANES study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/712/1/012086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Carvajal Nuñez U, Martel L, Prieur D, Lopez Honorato E, Eloirdi R, Farnan I, Vitova T, Somers J. Coupling XRD, EXAFS, and 13C NMR to study the effect of the carbon stoichiometry on the local structure of UC(1±x). Inorg Chem 2013; 52:11669-76. [PMID: 24063301 DOI: 10.1021/ic402144g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of uranium carbide samples, prepared by arc melting with a C/U ratio ranging from 0.96 to 1.04, has been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). XRD determines phase uniqueness and the increase of the lattice parameter versus the carbon content. In contrast, (13)C NMR detects the different carbon environments in the lattice and in this study, clearly identifies the presence of discrete peaks for carbon in the octahedral lattice site in UC and an additional peak associated with excess carbon in hyperstoichiometric samples. Two peaks associated with different levels of carbon deficiency are detected for all hypostoichiometric compositions. More than one carbon environment is always detected by (13)C NMR. This exemplifies the difficulty in obtaining a perfect stoichiometric uranium monocarbide UC(1.00). The (13)C MAS spectra of uranium carbides exhibit the effects resulting from the carbon content on both the broadening of the peaks and on the Knight shift. An abrupt spectral change occurs between hypo- and hyperstoichiometric samples. The results obtained by EXAFS highlight subtle differences between the different stoichiometries, and in the hyperstoichiometric samples, the EXAFS results are consistent with the excess carbon atoms being in the tetrahedral interstitial position.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Carvajal Nuñez
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements , P.O. Box 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Vitova T, Denecke MA, Göttlicher J, Jorissen K, Kas JJ, Kvashnina K, Prüßmann T, Rehr JJ, Rothe J. Actinide and lanthanide speciation with high-energy resolution X-ray techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/430/1/012117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Carvajal-Nunez U, Prieur D, Vitova T, Somers J. Charge Distribution and Local Structure of Americium-Bearing Thorium Oxide Solid Solutions. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:11762-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301709d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Carvajal-Nunez
- European Commission, Joint Research
Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements, P.O. Box 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D. Prieur
- European Commission, Joint Research
Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements, P.O. Box 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T. Vitova
- Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung (INE), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz,
76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - J. Somers
- European Commission, Joint Research
Centre, Institute for Transuranium Elements, P.O. Box 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Rothe J, Butorin S, Dardenne K, Denecke MA, Kienzler B, Löble M, Metz V, Seibert A, Steppert M, Vitova T, Walther C, Geckeis H. The INE-Beamline for actinide science at ANKA. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:043105. [PMID: 22559513 DOI: 10.1063/1.3700813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Since its inauguration in 2005, the INE-Beamline for actinide research at the synchrotron source ANKA (KIT North Campus) provides dedicated instrumentation for x-ray spectroscopic characterization of actinide samples and other radioactive materials. R&D work at the beamline focuses on various aspects of nuclear waste disposal within INE's mission to provide the scientific basis for assessing long-term safety of a final nuclear waste repository. The INE-Beamline is accessible for the actinide and radiochemistry community through the ANKA proposal system and the European Union Integrated Infrastructure Initiative ACTINET-I3. Experiments with activities up to 1 × 10(+6) times the European exemption limit are feasible within a safe but flexible containment concept. Measurements with monochromatic radiation are performed at photon energies varying between ~2.1 keV (P K-edge) and ~25 keV (Pd K-edge), including the lanthanide L-edges and the actinide M- and L3-edges up to Cf. The close proximity of the INE-Beamline to INE controlled area labs offers infrastructure unique in Europe for the spectroscopic and microscopic characterization of actinide samples. The modular beamline design enables sufficient flexibility to adapt sample environments and detection systems to many scientific questions. The well-established bulk techniques x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy in transmission and fluorescence mode have been augmented by advanced methods using a microfocused beam, including (confocal) XAFS/x-ray fluorescence detection and a combination of (micro-)XAFS and (micro-)x-ray diffraction. Additional instrumentation for high energy-resolution x-ray emission spectroscopy has been successfully developed and tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rothe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (KIT-INE), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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Vitova T, Zamani-Meymian MR, Peithmann K, Maier K, Hormes J. Atomic displacement and disorder in LiNbO(3) single crystal caused by high-energy (3)He ion irradiation: an x-ray absorption spectroscopy study. J Phys Condens Matter 2009; 21:495401. [PMID: 21836195 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/49/495401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nb K-edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectra from a single lithium niobate (LN) crystal irradiated with high-energy (3)He ions of 41 MeV and from unexposed crystal as the reference material are compared. The differences in the x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra are interpreted by simulating Nb K-edge XANES spectra with the FEFF8.2 code. It is found that displacements of Nb and Li atoms, as well as Li and O vacancies, are likely to cause structural disorder leading to change in the refractive index of LN and to diminished birefringence. This finding is in agreement with previous results obtained from SRIM-2003 simulations and transmission electron microscopy measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vitova
- Institute of Physics, University of Bonn, Nußallee 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Dardenne K, Brendebach B, Denecke MA, Liu X, Rothe J, Vitova T. New developments at the INE-Beamline for actinide research at ANKA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/190/1/012037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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