1
|
Aragonés A, Manzanos T, Stanosz G, Munck IA, Raposo R, Elvira-Recuenco M, Berbegal M, Mesanza N, Smith DR, Simmons M, Wyka S, Iturritxa E. Comparison of Diplodia Tip Blight Pathogens in Spanish and North American Pine Ecosystems. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122565. [PMID: 34946168 PMCID: PMC8706841 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diplodia tip blight is the most ubiquitous and abundant disease in Spanish Pinus radiata plantations. The economic losses in forest stands can be very severe because of its abundance in cones and seeds together with the low genetic diversity of the host. Pinus resinosa is not genetically diverse in North America either, and Diplodia shoot blight is a common disease. Disease control may require management designs to be adapted for each region. The genetic diversity of the pathogen could be an indicator of its virulence and spreading capacity. Our objective was to understand the diversity of Diplodia spp. in Spanish plantations and to compare it with the structure of American populations to collaborate in future management guidelines. Genotypic diversity was investigated using microsatellite markers. Eight loci (SS9–SS16) were polymorphic for the 322 isolates genotyped. The results indicate that Diplodia sapinea is the most frequent Diplodia species present in plantations of the north of Spain and has high genetic diversity. The higher genetic diversity recorded in Spain in comparison to previous studies could be influenced by the intensity of the sampling and the evidence about the remarkable influence of the sample type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Aragonés
- Neiker-BRTA, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Granja Modelo s/n, Antigua Carretera Nacional 1, Km. 355, 01192 Arkaute, Spain; (A.A.); (T.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Tania Manzanos
- Neiker-BRTA, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Granja Modelo s/n, Antigua Carretera Nacional 1, Km. 355, 01192 Arkaute, Spain; (A.A.); (T.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Glen Stanosz
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (G.S.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Isabel A. Munck
- Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry, USA Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Durham, NH 03824, USA;
| | - Rosa Raposo
- Intituto de Investigación Forestal_ Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria (CIFOR, INIA), Carretera La Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.); (M.E.-R.)
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid-INIA, Avenida Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Margarita Elvira-Recuenco
- Intituto de Investigación Forestal_ Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria (CIFOR, INIA), Carretera La Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.R.); (M.E.-R.)
| | - Mónica Berbegal
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/N, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Nebai Mesanza
- Neiker-BRTA, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Granja Modelo s/n, Antigua Carretera Nacional 1, Km. 355, 01192 Arkaute, Spain; (A.A.); (T.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Denise R. Smith
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (G.S.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Michael Simmons
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA;
| | - Stephen Wyka
- LifeMine Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA;
| | - Eugenia Iturritxa
- Neiker-BRTA, Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Granja Modelo s/n, Antigua Carretera Nacional 1, Km. 355, 01192 Arkaute, Spain; (A.A.); (T.M.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-637436343
| |
Collapse
|