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Monestime GM, Baird I, Rebarber A, Shirazian T. ACGME Milestones in global health: Need for standardized assessment of global health training in obstetrics/gynecology residency. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021; 157:522-526. [PMID: 34478575 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Collective interest in global health training during US obstetrics/gynecology (Ob/Gyn) residency has grown over the past decade. The benefits of participation in global health electives have been well described. This review seeks to determine what literature exists regarding the use of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestones in Ob/Gyn residency as an assessment tool to evaluate global health programs. The PubMed database was searched from July 14, 2020 to August 20, 2021, using six search phrases: "global health curriculum(s) and ACGME"; "international health and ACGME"; "global health and Ob/Gyn residency"; "international health and Ob/Gyn residency"; "global health and Ob/Gyn residents"; and "global health curriculum(s) and Ob/Gyn residency." Publications that described global health programming outside of residency, within other medical specialties, and/or at non-US institutions were excluded from this review. In total, 259 publications resulted from the preliminary search. Five articles described US global health residency training in Ob/Gyn in some capacity. Only one publication described a specific global health elective and its evaluation with respect to ACGME Milestones. Despite growing popularity of global health electives among residency programs, few are assessing the educational value of these offerings using ACGME Milestones or describing these efforts in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianina M Monestime
- Division of Global Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Taraneh Shirazian
- Division of Global Women's Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Liebermann E, Devanter NV, Frías Gúzman N, Ompad D, Shirazian T, Healton C. Parent-Level Barriers and Facilitators to HPV Vaccine Implementation in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. J Community Health 2020; 45:1061-1066. [PMID: 32394119 PMCID: PMC10626339 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-020-00830-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death for women in the Dominican Republic. Vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) could reduce mortality from cervical cancer globally by as much as 90%. The purpose of our study was to explore multi-level barriers and facilitators to implementation of a national HPV vaccine program in the Dominican Republic; this article focuses on parent-level barriers and facilitators. In this qualitative study, we conducted six focus groups (N = 64) with parents of school-age children in the Santo Domingo area of the Dominican Republic, representing diverse socioeconomic groups and geographic settings. Thematic content analysis, using inductive and deductive approaches, was done following transcription and translation of audio-recordings from focus group discussions. Among this group of parents in the Santo Domingo area, facilitators to vaccine uptake were favorable attitudes towards vaccines in general and concern about cervical cancer as a health issue. Barriers found were low to moderate knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer, especially in the rural and suburban groups, and cost and lack of public awareness of the vaccine. This study identified key barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccine implementation in the Dominican Republic. Health messaging, incorporating specialist providers as opinion leaders, will need to be tailored to broad audiences with varying levels of information and awareness, anticipating misinformation and concerns, and will need to emphasize HPV vaccine as a method to prevent cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Liebermann
- New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, 433 First Avenue, 6th floor, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
| | - Nancy Van Devanter
- New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, 433 First Avenue, Rm 670, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Natalia Frías Gúzman
- Instituto Nacional de Cáncer Rosa Emilia Sánchez Pérez de Tavares (INCART), Avenida Correa y Cidrón, Santo Domingo, 10103, Dominican Republic
| | - Danielle Ompad
- New York University College of Global Public Health, 715 Broadway, Rm 1011, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Taraneh Shirazian
- New York University College of Global Public Health, 207 E 84th Street, 206, New York, NY, 10028, USA
| | - Cheryl Healton
- New York University College of Global Public Health, 665 Broadway, New York, NY, 10012, USA
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3
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Hernandez S, Oliveira JB, Mendoza Sosof C, Lawrence E, Shirazian T. Adapting antenatal care in a rural LMIC during COVID-19: A low literacy checklist to mitigate risk for community health workers. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2020; 151:289-291. [PMID: 32736412 PMCID: PMC9087664 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Community health workers trained in mitigating infection risk via a low literacy checklist can provide essential healthcare, such as prenatal care, during the COVID‐19 pandemic in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Hernandez
- Saving Mothers, New York, NY, USA.,New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica B Oliveira
- Saving Mothers, New York, NY, USA.,Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Concepcion Mendoza Sosof
- Saving Mothers, New York, NY, USA.,Centro de Atencion Integral Materno Infantil, Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, Santiago Atitlan, Guatemala
| | | | - Taraneh Shirazian
- Saving Mothers, New York, NY, USA.,New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Ahmed Z, Shirazian T. A global strategy to increase uptake and acceptability of LARC in a low-resource setting. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2019; 149:109-111. [PMID: 31778206 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Ricklan SJ, Cuervo I, Rebarber A, Fox NS, Shirazian T. Two decades of interventions in New York State to reduce maternal mortality: a systematic review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:3514-3523. [PMID: 31744355 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1686472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To perform a systematic review of interventions to reduce maternal mortality in New York.Study design: We conducted a systematic review of literature published between 2000 and January 2019 reporting interventions to reduce maternal mortality in New York using PubMed and search terms: pregnancy-related death or maternal mortality OR maternal death AND New York. Eight hundred and ninety-three articles were reviewed by title, content, and focus on New York interventions or policies. Ten met inclusion criteria. A second review of the Safe Motherhood Initiative (SMI) identified an additional six articles.Results: Nine articles described hospital-based initiatives; one described a community-based initiative. No prospective randomized controlled trials in a nonsimulated setting were identified. Several articles described SMI bundles; one tested simulated checklist implementation. Three presented results of bundle implementation but did not significantly impact measured maternal mortality and/or morbidity. The single community-based initiative provided doulas to low-income women, yielding significantly lower rates of preterm birth and low birthweight, but no difference in cesarean deliveries compared to other women in the community.Conclusion: Current hospital-based interventions have not reduced maternal mortality in New York. The single community-based intervention identified reduced adverse birth outcomes. Continued concern about maternal mortality in New York suggests community-based approaches should be considered to affect change in conjunction with longer term hospital-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Cuervo
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.,Saving Mothers, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrei Rebarber
- Saving Mothers, New York, NY, USA.,Maternal Fetal Medicine Associates PLLC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathan S Fox
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Associates PLLC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Taraneh Shirazian
- NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.,Saving Mothers, New York, NY, USA
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6
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Liebermann EJ, VanDevanter N, Shirazian T, Frías Gúzman N, Niles M, Healton C, Ompad D. Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening and Treatment in the Dominican Republic: Perspectives of Focus Group Participants in the Santo Domingo Area. J Transcult Nurs 2019; 31:121-127. [DOI: 10.1177/1043659619846247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the Dominican Republic, and high rates persist despite existing Pap smear screening programs. The purpose of this study was to explore Dominican women’s knowledge and attitudes regarding human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer, cervical cancer screening practices, and perceived barriers and facilitators to early detection of cervical cancer. Method: Six focus groups ( N = 64) were conducted in Spanish in urban, suburban, and rural locations, in private and public school settings, community and workplace settings, in or near Santo Domingo, as part of a larger study on barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccine implementation. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and translated from Spanish to English. Qualitative data analysis used inductive and deductive approaches. Results: Knowledge regarding HPV and cervical cancer varied across groups, but all agreed there was significant stigma and fear regarding HPV. Most women reported having Pap screening at least yearly. Follow-up of abnormal Pap testing was less consistent, with cost and uncertainty about provider recommendations identified as barriers. Discussion: Broader examination of provider-level and health system barriers and facilitators to cervical cancer prevention in the Dominican Republic is essential, in order to inform interventions to improve the effectiveness of cervical cancer screening and treatment programs and reduce preventable deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Natalia Frías Gúzman
- Instituto Nacional de Cáncer Rosa Emilia Sánchez Pérez de Tavares, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
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Barthélemy E, Mallol V, Hannaford A, Pean C, Kutua R, de Haydu C, Anandaraja N, Asgary R, Elahi E, Hexom B, Landrigan P, Shirazian T, Katz C. Exploration of Global Health Careers Across the Medical Fields. Ann Glob Health 2017; 83:613-620. [PMID: 29221536 DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite expansion of interest among American medical students in global health (GH), academic medical centers face multiple obstacles to the development of structured GH curricula and career guidance. To meet these demands we sought to provide a systematic analysis of the accounts of GH experts. METHODS We developed a collaborative, interview-based, qualitative analysis of GH experiences across six career-related themes that are relevant to medical students interested in GH: justification, medical education, economics, research prospects, law and ethics, and work-life balance. Seven GH faculty members were interviewed for 30-90 minutes using sample questions as guidelines. We applied a grounded theory approach to analyze the interview transcripts to discover an emerging theory pertinent to GH trainees. FINDINGS Regarding justification, 4 respondents defined GH as work with the underserved irrespective of geographic location; 5 respondents found sustainability imperative; and all respondents believe GH creates better physicians. Respondents identified many physician competencies developed through GH medical education, with 5 respondents agreeing that work with underserved populations has transformative potential. Concerning economics, 3 respondents acknowledged GH's popularity among trainees, resulting in increased training opportunities, and 2 respondents emphasized an associated deficiency in program quality. All respondents described career models across specialties. Four respondents noted funding challenges when discussing research prospects. Within the theme of laws and ethics, 4 respondents perceived inadequate accountability, and 6 respondents identified ways to create accountability. Finally, 6 respondents recognized family demands can compromise one's GH career and thus work-life balance. CONCLUSION Despite diverse perspectives on the meaning and sustainability of GH work, this analysis provides a nascent framework that may inform curricular development for GH trainees. Suggestions are offered for elaborating this framework to fully exploit the transformative potential of GH training in medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Mallol
- Mount Sinai St. Luke's and Mount Sinai Roosevelt, New York, NY
| | | | | | - Rehema Kutua
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | - Ebrahim Elahi
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | - Craig Katz
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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8
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Hernandez S, Oliveira JB, Shirazian T. How a Training Program Is Transforming the Role of Traditional Birth Attendants from Cultural Practitioners to Unique Health-care Providers: A Community Case Study in Rural Guatemala. Front Public Health 2017; 5:111. [PMID: 28580354 PMCID: PMC5437202 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the rates of maternal mortality continue to be inappropriately high, there has been recognition of the importance of training traditional birth attendants (TBAs) to help improve outcomes during pregnancy and childbirth. In Guatemala, there is no national comprehensive training program in place despite the fact that the majority of women rely on TBAs during pregnancy and childbirth. This community case study presents a unique education program led by TBAs for TBAs in rural Guatemala. Discussion of this training program focuses on programming implementation, curriculum development, sustainable methodology, and how an educational partnership with the current national health-care system can increase access to health care for women in LMICs. Recent modifications to this training model are also discussed including how a change in the clinical curriculum is further integrating TBAs into the national health infrastructure. The training program has demonstrated that Guatemalan TBAs are able to improve their basic obstetrical knowledge, are capable of identifying and referring early complications of pregnancy and labor, and can deliver basic prenatal care that would otherwise not be provided. This training model is helping transform the role of the TBA from a sole cultural practitioner to a validated health-care provider within the health-care infrastructure of Guatemala and has the potential to do the same in other LMICs.
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9
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Shirazian T, Smith C, Fisher J. Challenges to National Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Program Implementation in Developing Countries [18H]. Obstet Gynecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/01.aog.0000514920.21673.ef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Frey MK, Roselli N, Gertz E, Cuc JC, Boyd L, Shirazian T. Cervical cancer screening in Santiago Atitlán, Guatemala. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2016; 135:119. [PMID: 27451397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Frey
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Nicole Roselli
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin Gertz
- Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Leslie Boyd
- New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Taraneh Shirazian
- Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Saving Mothers, a 501c3 medical non-profit organization, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Viswanathan N, Carretero L, Afzal O, Rodriguez SI, Shirazian T. Understanding the challenges of addressing intimate partner violence in the Dominican Republic. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2016; 133:120-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Frey M, Gertz E, Shirazian T. Cervical cancer screening in rural Guatemala. Gynecol Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.01.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Shirazian T, Faris BS, Fox NS, Friedman F, Rebarber A. The lifestyle modification project: limiting pregnancy weight gain in obese women. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 29:80-4. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.987118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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14
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Tran A, Shirazian T. O698 CONTRACEPTIVE PRACTICES OF MAYAN WOMEN IN SAN JUAN LA LAGUNA. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(12)61128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Landrigan PJ, Ripp J, Murphy RJC, Claudio L, Jao J, Hexom B, Bloom HG, Shirazian T, Elahi E, Koplan JP. New academic partnerships in global health: innovations at Mount Sinai School of Medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 78:470-82. [PMID: 21598272 DOI: 10.1002/msj.20257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Global health has become an increasingly important focus of education, research, and clinical service in North American universities and academic health centers. Today there are at least 49 academically based global health programs in the United States and Canada, as compared with only one in 1999. A new academic society, the Consortium of Universities for Global Health, was established in 2008 and has grown significantly. This sharp expansion reflects convergence of 3 factors: (1) rapidly growing student and faculty interest in global health; (2) growing realization-powerfully catalyzed by the acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemic, the emergence of other new infections, climate change, and globalization-that health problems are interconnected, cross national borders, and are global in nature; and (3) rapid expansion in resources for global health. This article examines the evolution of the concept of global health and describes the driving forces that have accelerated interest in the field. It traces the development of global health programs in academic health centers in the United States. It presents a blueprint for a new school-wide global health program at Mount Sinai School of Medicine. The mission of that program, Mount Sinai Global Health, is to enhance global health as an academic field of study within the Mount Sinai community and to improve the health of people around the world. Mount Sinai Global Health is uniting and building synergies among strong, existing global health programs within Mount Sinai; it is training the next generation of physicians and health scientists to be leaders in global health; it is making novel discoveries that translate into blueprints for improving health worldwide; and it builds on Mount Sinai's long and proud tradition of providing medical and surgical care in places where need is great and resources few.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Landrigan
- Mount Sinai Global Health, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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16
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Ditzian LR, David-West G, Maza M, Hartmann B, Shirazian T, Cremer M. Cervical Cancer Screening in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 78:319-26. [DOI: 10.1002/msj.20263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
We assessed the impact of a lifestyle modification program (LMP) on weight gain in pregnancy and evaluated its effect on adverse pregnancy outcomes. A prospective matched controlled study design was employed. Inclusion criteria consisted of pregnant women with singleton gestations and body mass index (BMI) > or = 30 without underlying medical conditions. In the study group, patients were prospectively enrolled in the first trimester. Through the LMP, women participated in a comprehensive program on nutrition, exercise, and weight control in pregnancy. The control group consisted of matched patients by starting BMI, parity, and socioeconomic status during the same study period cared for at the same institution. The primary outcome evaluated was weight gain in pregnancy. Adverse pregnancy outcomes including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, and various postpartum complications were evaluated between the two groups. Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric methods, with p < 0.5 considered significant. Twenty-eight patients were recruited for this study and underwent the intervention. Patient compliance with the LMP was 75%, two patients were lost to follow-up, one had a preterm delivery, and four had incomplete data due to various reasons. Twenty-one patients completed their pregnancy and were available for analysis. Twenty matched control patients were identified for analysis. Study participants gained significantly less weight in their pregnancies when compared with controls (mean weight gain 17 versus 34 pounds, respectively; p = 0.008). Secondary outcomes of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, cesarean section, as well as infant birth weight did not significantly differ between the groups. This study suggests an effective method of reducing prenatal weight gain in the obese population. This type of comprehensive intervention could be an important, cost-effective risk-reduction strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taraneh Shirazian
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
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19
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Abstract
Inadequate medical interpretation services are a barrier to the delivery of optimal health care to persons with limited English proficiency. Even though Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 requires that interpretation services be available to persons speaking limited English, many health care institutions are struggling to reach full compliance. Communication through untrained interpreters is likely to include mistranslations or omissions of physicians' questions, truncated or slanted patient responses, and inadequate information to facilitate accurate diagnosis and treatment. The Interpreter's Aide Program (IAP) is a service-learning program that was implemented at Brown Medical School in 1997. The IAP is a collaborative effort among Brown students, the Rhode Island Hospital Department of Social Work, and Brown Medical School. This three-way partnership strengthens the IAP and expands interpretation services to Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking patients at Rhode Island Hospital. Bilingual undergraduate and medical students become trained medical interpreters and render community service while developing cross-cultural skills. The authors review the development and implementation of the IAP. There is potential for other academic health centers to develop similar partnerships with local colleges and universities, and to provide service-learning opportunities for future physicians and health care consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia D Monroe
- Brown Medical School, Department of Family Medicine at Brown University/Memorial Hospital Family Medicine Residency Program, Providence, Rhode Island 02860, USA
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20
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Mokhtarian F, Shirazian T, Batuman O, Shi Y. The effects of oral myelin basic protein and dexamethasone treatment on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1996; 778:414-7. [PMID: 8611007 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb21160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Mokhtarian
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11219, USA
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