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Malinowska-Lipień I, Put D, Maluchnik M, Gabryś T, Kózka M, Gajda K, Gniadek A, Brzostek T, Squires A. Influence of the work environment of nurses on the 30-day mortality of patients hospitalized in Polish hospitals. cross-sectional studies. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:117. [PMID: 38360713 PMCID: PMC10870652 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-01762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An optimal work environment for nurses is characterized primarily by appropriate staffing, good team relations, and support from the management staff. These factors are consistently associated with a positive assessment of patient safety by a hospital's employees and a reduction in hospital mortality rates. AIM To understand the relationships between the work environment as perceived by nurses on the 30-day mortality of patients treated in Polish hospitals. BACKGROUND An optimal work environment for nurses is characterized primarily by appropriate staffing, good team relations, and support from the management staff. These factors are consistently associated with a positive assessment of patient safety by a hospital's employees and a reduction in hospital mortality rates. MATERIAL AND METHODS The analysis used discharge data from 108,284 patients hospitalized in internal medicine and surgery departments in 21 hospitals (with 24/7 operations) in Poland. Administrative data included coded data to estimate 30-day mortality. A Nurses' satisfaction questionnaire, including the PES-NWI scale and the SAQ questionnaire, was used to assess the work environment of nurses (n = 1,929). Correlations between variables were assessed using the Pearson coefficient. The analysis used a Poisson regression model, which belongs to the class of generalized linear models. RESULTS A lower 30-day mortality rate amongst patients was found among those treated in hospitals where the personnel feel that they may question the decisions or actions of their superiors regarding the care provided (r = - 0.50); nurses are informed about changes introduced on the basis of reports about negligence and mistakes (r = - 0.50); the ward nurse is a good manager (r = - 0.41); nurses receive timely information from the head of the department that may have an impact on their work (r = - 0.41). CONCLUSIONS Factors related to care during hospital stay such as the organization of care at the ward level, analysis of care errors, the number of staff providing direct patient care, informing nurses about mistakes without punishment, and the possibility of nurses challenging the decisions or actions of superiors, which concerns care providing, affect the 30-day mortality of patients after the end of hospitalization in Polish hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Malinowska-Lipień
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University- Medical College, Kopernika Str. 25, 31-501, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Put
- Department of Computational Systems, Krakow University of Economics, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Maluchnik
- Department of Adult Neurology, Medical University of Gdansk and University Clinical Center, Gdansk, Poland
- Ministry of Health, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Gabryś
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University- Medical College, Kopernika Str. 25, 31-501, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Kózka
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University- Medical College, Kopernika Str. 25, 31-501, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gajda
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University- Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gniadek
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University- Medical College, Kopernika Str. 25, 31-501, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Brzostek
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University- Medical College, Kopernika Str. 25, 31-501, Krakow, Poland
| | - Allison Squires
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, USA
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Malinowska-Lipień I, Gabryś T, Kózka M, Gniadek A, Brzostek T. Nurses' intention to leave their jobs in relation to work environment factors in Polish hospitals: Cross-sectional study. Med Pr 2023; 74:377-387. [PMID: 38104338 DOI: 10.13075/mp.5893.01426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of nursing staff is a current problem not only in Poland, but also in the world. The decision of nurses to leave the workplace, apart from the financial aspect, often results from unfavourable working conditions related to the work environment. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was multicentre, cross-sectional. The study was conducted among a group of 1509 nurses employed in surgical and internal medicine wards in 21 hospitals in Poland. The key variables of the study were: the intention of the nurses to leave their jobs, the nurses' working environment, the level of satisfaction, the level of occupational burnout and the number of patients cared for on the last shift, the number of nurses on the last shift. The Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire were used in the research. RESULTS Almost half of the surveyed nurses (48.84%) declared their willingness to leave their current workplace. The statistical analysis showed that nurses declaring their willingness to quit their job in the hospital where they were employed were significantly younger (42.88 vs. 45.04, p = 0.000), had shorter total length of service overall (19.96 vs. 23.20), and also in the hospital where they were employed (15.86 vs. 18.50, p = 0.000). The increase in the number of patients by one was significantly associated with a 1% increase in the risk of leaving work (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02). An increase in emotional exhaustion significantly increased the risk of leaving work by 2% (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.99-1.03). CONCLUSIONS Younger age of nurses, greater workload resulting from more patients and occupational burnout - emotional exhaustion is correlated with the risk of leaving work in the hospital. A lower risk of leaving the job is associated with a higher level of job satisfaction in the hospital, salary and promotion opportunities. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2023;74(5):377-87.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Malinowska-Lipień
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland (Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery)
| | - Teresa Gabryś
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland (Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery)
| | - Maria Kózka
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland (Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery)
| | - Agnieszka Gniadek
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland (Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery)
| | - Tomasz Brzostek
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland (Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery)
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Malinowska-Lipień I, Micek A, Gabryś T, Kózka M, Gajda K, Gniadek A, Brzostek T, Squires A. Nurses and physicians attitudes towards factors related to hospitalized patient safety. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260926. [PMID: 34874957 PMCID: PMC8651112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The attitudes of healthcare staff towards patients' safety, including awareness of the risk for adverse events, are significant elements of an organization's safety culture. AIM OF RESEARCH To evaluate nurses and physicians' attitudes towards factors influencing hospitalized patient safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS The research included 606 nurses and 527 physicians employed in surgical and medical wards in 21 Polish hospitals around the country. The Polish adaptation of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) was used to evaluate the factors influencing attitudes towards patient safety. RESULTS Both nurses and physicians scored highest in stress recognition (SR) (71.6 and 80.86), while they evaluated working conditions (WC) the lowest (45.82 and 52,09). Nurses achieved statistically significantly lower scores compared to physicians in every aspect of the safety attitudes evaluation (p<0.05). The staff working in surgical wards obtained higher scores within stress recognition (SR) compared to the staff working in medical wards (78.12 vs. 73.72; p = 0.001). Overall, positive working conditions and effective teamwork can contribute to improving employees' attitudes towards patient safety. CONCLUSIONS The results help identify unit level vulnerabilities associated with staff attitudes toward patient safety. They underscore the importance of management strategies that account for staff coping with occupational stressors to improve patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Malinowska-Lipień
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University–Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Micek
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University–Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Teresa Gabryś
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University–Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Kózka
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University–Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gajda
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University–Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gniadek
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University–Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Brzostek
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University–Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Allison Squires
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
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Malinowska-Lipień I, Suder M, Wadas T, Gabryś T, Kózka M, Gniadek A, Brzostek T. The Correlation between Nurses' COVID-19 Infections and Their Emotional State and Work Conditions during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:12715. [PMID: 34886440 PMCID: PMC8657256 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has significantly influenced the functioning of Polish hospitals, and thus, the working conditions of nurses. Research on the presence of specific negative emotions in nurses may help identify deficits in the future, as well as directing preventive actions. The present research was performed among nurses (n = 158) working in Polish healthcare facilities during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, where Group A (n = 79) consisted of nurses diagnosed with COVID-19, and Group B (n = 79) nurses who have never been infected with COVID-19. To perform the research, the Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS), Trait Anxiety Scale (Polish: SL-C) and the authors' survey questionnaire were used. A positive test result was generally determined more often among nurses who indicated a noninfectious ward as their main workplace, compared to nurses employed in infectious wards (64.55% positive vs 33.45% negative). Over a half of the subjects identified moderate levels of emotion suppression as the method to regulate strong emotions, while one-quarter cited high levels of suppression. Anxiety was suppressed at high and moderate levels by 97% of the subjects, depression by 86.71%, and anger by 79.48%. Infection with COVID-19 results in a higher level of anxiety and depression, as well as a feeling of increased work load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Malinowska-Lipień
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (T.G.); (M.K.); (A.G.); (T.B.)
- Małopolska District Chamber of Nurses and Midwives in Krakow, 31-501 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Suder
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (T.G.); (M.K.); (A.G.); (T.B.)
| | - Tadeusz Wadas
- Małopolska District Chamber of Nurses and Midwives in Krakow, 31-501 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Teresa Gabryś
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (T.G.); (M.K.); (A.G.); (T.B.)
| | - Maria Kózka
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (T.G.); (M.K.); (A.G.); (T.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Gniadek
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (T.G.); (M.K.); (A.G.); (T.B.)
| | - Tomasz Brzostek
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (T.G.); (M.K.); (A.G.); (T.B.)
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Malinowska-Lipień I, Micek A, Gabryś T, Kózka M, Gajda K, Gniadek A, Brzostek T, Fletcher J, Squires A. Impact of the Work Environment on Patients' Safety as Perceived by Nurses in Poland-A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:12057. [PMID: 34831812 PMCID: PMC8623184 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have found that organizational features connected with the work environment of nurses have a significant influence on patients' safety. The aim of this research was to capture nurses' opinions about patients' safety and discern relationships with work environment characteristics. This cross-sectional study surveyed 1825 nurses. The research used questionnaire consisting of four parts: (1) covered The Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI); (2) assessed the quality of nursing care and care safety; (3) contained information on the most recent duty served by the nurses and (4) captured social and demographic data of participants. The research identified strong association between patient safety assessment and work environment of nurses in the aspect of employment adequacy, cooperation between nurses and doctors, support for nurses from the managing staff, the possibility to participate in the management as well as professional promotion of nurses employed in the hospital (p < 0.001). Nurses rated patient safety higher when responsible for a smaller number of patients. Work environment factors such as proper staffing, good cooperation with doctors, support from the management, as well as professional independence are significantly related to nurses' assessment of patients' safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Malinowska-Lipień
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.M.); (T.G.); (M.K.); (A.G.); (T.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Micek
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.M.); (T.G.); (M.K.); (A.G.); (T.B.)
| | - Teresa Gabryś
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.M.); (T.G.); (M.K.); (A.G.); (T.B.)
| | - Maria Kózka
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.M.); (T.G.); (M.K.); (A.G.); (T.B.)
| | - Krzysztof Gajda
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-066 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Gniadek
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.M.); (T.G.); (M.K.); (A.G.); (T.B.)
| | - Tomasz Brzostek
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.M.); (T.G.); (M.K.); (A.G.); (T.B.)
| | - Jason Fletcher
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA; (J.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Allison Squires
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA; (J.F.); (A.S.)
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Malinowska-Lipień I, Wadas T, Gabryś T, Kózka M, Gniadek A, Brzostek T, Squires A. Evaluating Polish nurses' working conditions and patient safety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int Nurs Rev 2021; 69:239-248. [PMID: 34716590 PMCID: PMC8653238 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aim To study the relationship between Polish nurses' working conditions and their attitudes towards patient safety during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Background Facing the COVID‐19 pandemic, caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, healthcare worldwide has been reorganised. How these changes affected patient safety for hospitalised persons is not well understood. Introduction Difficult working conditions related to the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic may affect the provision of safe and effective care by healthcare staff. Methods This observational research was performed on the group of 577 nurses working during the COVID‐19 pandemic in isolation infection wards (n = 201) and non‐infectious diseases wards (n = 376) in Polish hospitals. The evaluation of working conditions was performed with an author's questionnaire, while the evaluation of factors influencing attitudes towards safety of the hospitalised patients was performed using Safety Attitudes Questionnaire. The STROBE checklist was used to report this study. Results The procedures developed by management in advance for COVID‐19 patient treatment had a statistically significant influence on nurses' ‘evaluation of teamwork climate, safety climate, job satisfaction, perception of management and work conditions’. Providing management with the ability to perform a swab polymerase chain reaction SARS‐CoV‐2 test for hospital staff in the workplace, and psychological support from professionals and employers were statistically significant for higher ratings of ‘teamwork climate, safety climate, job satisfaction, stress recognition, perception of management and work conditions’ by the Polish nurses. Hospital workload during the COVID‐19 pandemic was significantly correlated with lower evaluation of work conditions. Discussion Our study reinforces the existing literature on many fronts and demonstrates how even when operating under the COVID‐19 pandemic conditions, some factors remain critical for fostering a culture of patient safety. Reinforcing patient safety practices is a imperative under these conditions. Conclusions and implications for nursing Working conditions influence nurses' attitudes towards safety of the hospitalised patients. These are largely modifiable factors related to the workplace and include prior preparation of procedures, restrictions to extending daily work hours and psychological counselling for the staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Malinowska-Lipień
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.,Małopolska District Chamber of Nurses and Midwives in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Wadas
- Małopolska District Chamber of Nurses and Midwives in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - Teresa Gabryś
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Kózka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gniadek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Brzostek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Allison Squires
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, USA
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Malinowska-Lipień I, Wadas T, Sułkowska J, Suder M, Gabryś T, Kózka M, Gniadek A, Brzostek T. Emotional Control among Nurses against Work Conditions and the Support Received during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:9415. [PMID: 34502006 PMCID: PMC8430724 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Working in the state of a pandemic is a huge mental load for the medical environment. AIM Evaluation of emotional control among nurses against work conditions and the support received during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS The research was performed among nurses (n = 577) working during the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in infectious (n = 201) and non-infectious (n = 376) wards in 11 Polish hospitals. To evaluate work conditions, the questionnaire prepared by the authors and the Emotional Control Scale (Courtauld Emotional Control Scale-CECS), which rates the control of anger, depression, and fear were used. RESULTS In the entire research group, fear had the highest rate of suppression among the negative emotions-18.25 points, 17.91 points in infectious wards and 18.44 points among nurses working in non-infectious wards; p > 0.05. The nurses fear was significantly repressed when there was no possibility of the nurses having to perform a COVID-19 test in the workplace; p < 0.05. A larger emotional supressed occurred in nurses who simultaneously declared the perception of increased stress level; p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS A high level of emotion suppression, especially regarding fear, combined with higher stress levels, occurring irrespective of the ward, points at the need for mental support for the researched nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Malinowska-Lipień
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (T.G.); (M.K.); (A.G.); (T.B.)
- Małopolska District Chamber of Nurses and Midwives, 31-153 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Tadeusz Wadas
- Małopolska District Chamber of Nurses and Midwives, 31-153 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Joanna Sułkowska
- Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Suder
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (T.G.); (M.K.); (A.G.); (T.B.)
| | - Teresa Gabryś
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (T.G.); (M.K.); (A.G.); (T.B.)
| | - Maria Kózka
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (T.G.); (M.K.); (A.G.); (T.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Gniadek
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (T.G.); (M.K.); (A.G.); (T.B.)
| | - Tomasz Brzostek
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (T.G.); (M.K.); (A.G.); (T.B.)
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Malinowska-Lipień I, Brzyski P, Gabryś T, Gniadek A, Kózka M, Kawalec P, Brzostek T, Squires A. Cultural adaptation of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire - Short Form (SAQ-SF) in Poland. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246340. [PMID: 33544732 PMCID: PMC7864443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is essential to provide safe healthcare in complex, difficult, and quickly changing conditions. The quality of healthcare services directly influences the safety of both the patients and staff. Understanding healthcare staff attitudes toward safety in the healthcare delivery context is foundational for building a culture of safety. Aim of the work To adapt, via a structured translation methodology, the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire–Short Form (SAQ-SF), which assesses how employees of the health care sector perceive the safety climate in their workplace, to the Polish context. Methods Using a content validation approach to structure the translation process, we tested and psychometrically analysed the translated SAQ-SF. The sample comprised 322 employees of a district hospital (second referral level, which ensures 24/7 emergency care services) in Poland. Results The reliability of the sub-scales of the Polish version of the SAQ-SF ranged from 0.66 to 0.95. The discriminatory power of particular SAQ items ranged between 0.02 and 0.90. For 6 out of the 8 scale dimensions, the questions with the highest factor loadings were those measuring the same dimensions of the safety climate, according to the original scale. Conclusions The Polish version of the SAQ-SF (SAQ-SF-PL) meets the criteria of psychometric and functional validation as well as demonstrates good reliability as a measure of patient safety culture in the Polish context. The SAQ-SF-PL is an instrument that enable a valid and reliable assessment of patient safety climate in the Polish healthcare facilities and identify opportunities for improvement. International comparisons will also become easier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Malinowska-Lipień
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University–Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Teresa Gabryś
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University–Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gniadek
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University–Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Kózka
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University–Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Kawalec
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University–Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Brzostek
- Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University–Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Allison Squires
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
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Malinowska-Lipień I, Gabryś T, Kózka M, Gniadek A, Wadas T, Ozga E, Brzostek T. [Dual practice of nurses in Poland against the current staff resources]. Med Pr 2020; 72:113-121. [PMID: 33382061 DOI: 10.13075/mp.5893.01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Employment of health care workers simultaneously in 2 workplaces (the so called dual practice) is a common phenomenon in almost every country. In Poland, a possibility of employment in 2 or more workplaces arose with the socio-political changes and the reform of the health care system. In Poland, the scale of the phenomenon, as well as its motifs and potential effects influencing both employees and the whole health care system, are still not known despite numerous studies being conducted to that end. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group consisted of 1023 nurses (males and females) employed in public and non-public health care facilities in the territory of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. The research tool was the authors' poll questionnaire. In the statistical elaboration, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test and the χ2 independence test were used. For all the analyses, the maximum permissible error of type I, α = 0.05, was accepted, and p ≤ 0.05 was recognized as statistically significant. RESULTS Work experience of the nurses studied ranged 1-43 years, on average it was 23.1 years (SD = 11.1). Persons aged >40 years accounted for 77.5% (N = 793), out of whom 38.2% (N = 391) were aged 41-years and 39.3% (N = 402) >50 years. In the study group, 450 (44%) people were employed in 2 workplaces, out of whom 93.5% in the nurse position, working >160 h/month (39%). A decisive reason to take up an additional job (93.3% of the study group) were financial matters. CONCLUSIONS Financial matters are the main reason for which almost half of the studied nurses undertake additional employment, in the scope twice as high as the work load. Research suggests the need to verify the Central Registry of Nurses and Midwives in order to precisely estimate the number of dual practice positions and the number of persons employed as nurses not only in the south of Poland but also in whole country. The results point to the necessity of further research concerning both the reasons for and consequences of dual practice for nurses, and the impact of this phenomenon on the quality of care and patient safety. Med Pr. 2021;72(2):113-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Malinowska-Lipień
- Uniwersytet Jagielloński - Collegium Medicum / Jagiellonian University - Medical College, Kraków, Poland (Instytut Pielęgniarstwa i Położnictwa, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu / Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences)
| | - Teresa Gabryś
- Uniwersytet Jagielloński - Collegium Medicum / Jagiellonian University - Medical College, Kraków, Poland (Instytut Pielęgniarstwa i Położnictwa, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu / Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences)
| | - Maria Kózka
- Uniwersytet Jagielloński - Collegium Medicum / Jagiellonian University - Medical College, Kraków, Poland (Instytut Pielęgniarstwa i Położnictwa, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu / Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences)
| | - Agnieszka Gniadek
- Uniwersytet Jagielloński - Collegium Medicum / Jagiellonian University - Medical College, Kraków, Poland (Instytut Pielęgniarstwa i Położnictwa, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu / Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences)
| | - Tadeusz Wadas
- Małopolska Okręgowa Izba Pielęgniarek i Położnych w Krakowie / Małopolska District Chamber of Nurses and Midwives in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Edyta Ozga
- Ośrodek Rehabilitacyjno-Opiekuńczy / Rehabilitation and Care Center, Zagórzyce Dworskie, Poland
| | - Tomasz Brzostek
- Uniwersytet Jagielloński - Collegium Medicum / Jagiellonian University - Medical College, Kraków, Poland (Instytut Pielęgniarstwa i Położnictwa, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu / Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences)
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Kózka M, Brzostek T, Cisek M, Brzyski P, Przewoźniak L, Gabryś T, Ogarek M, Gajda K, Ksykiewicz-Dorota A. Factors affecting Polish nurses’ willingness to recommend the hospital as a place of care. Med Pr 2016; 67:447-54. [DOI: 10.13075/mp.5893.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Malinowska-Lipień I, Kołodziej D, Kawalec-Kajstura E, Gabryś T, Reczek A, Syska A. Czynniki wpływające na honorowe oddawanie krwi przez krwiodawców na Podkarpaciu. Problemy Pielęgniarstwa 2016. [DOI: 10.5603/pp.2015.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Brzostek T, Brzyski P, Kózka M, Squires A, Przewoźniak L, Cisek M, Gajda K, Gabryś T, Ogarek M. Research lessons from implementing a national nursing workforce study. Int Nurs Rev 2015; 62:412-20. [PMID: 25918981 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND National nursing workforce studies are important for evidence-based policymaking to improve nursing human resources globally. Survey instrument translation and contextual adaptation along with level of experience of the research team are key factors that will influence study implementation and results in countries new to health workforce studies. AIM This study's aim was to describe the pre-data collection instrument adaptation challenges when designing the first national nursing workforce study in Poland while participating in the Nurse Forecasting: Human Resources Planning in Nursing project. METHODS A descriptive analysis of the pre-data collection phase of the study. Instrument adaptation was conducted through a two-phase content validity indexing process and pilot testing from 2009 to September 2010 in preparation for primary study implementation in December 2010. Means of both content validation phases were compared with pilot study results to assess for significant patterns in the data. RESULTS The initial review demonstrated that the instrument had poor level of cross-cultural relevance and multiple translation issues. After revising the translation and re-evaluating using the same process, instrument scores improved significantly. Pilot study results showed floor and ceiling effects on relevance score correlations in each phase of the study. LIMITATIONS The cross-cultural adaptation process was developed specifically for this study and is, therefore, new. It may require additional replication to further enhance the method. CONCLUSIONS The approach used by the Polish team helped identify potential problems early in the study. The critical step improved the rigour of the results and improved comparability for between countries analyses, conserving both money and resources. This approach is advised for cross-cultural adaptation of instruments to be used in national nursing workforce studies. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY Countries seeking to conduct national nursing workforce surveys to improve nursing human resources policies may find the insights provided by this paper useful to guide national level nursing workforce study implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brzostek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - P Brzyski
- Department of Medical Sociology, Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Kózka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Squires
- International Education, College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Przewoźniak
- Institute of Public Health, Health Promotion Department, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Cisek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - K Gajda
- Institute of Public Health, Medical Information System Department, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Gabryś
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Ogarek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Malczewska-Lenczowska J, Stupnicki R, Gabryś T. Effects of exercise on the markers of iron status in serum of cross-country skiers. Biol Sport 2010. [DOI: 10.5604/20831862.927488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Stupnicki R, Gabryś T, Szmatlan-Gabryś U, Tomaszewski P. Fitting a single-phase model to the post-exercise changes in heart rate and oxygen uptake. Physiol Res 2009; 59:357-362. [PMID: 19681666 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.931708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of post-exercise heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (EPOC) was studied in 10 elite cyclists subjected to four laboratory cycle ergometer maximal exercises lasting 30, 90, 180 or 360 s. Heart rate and oxygen uptake (VO2) were recorded over a period of 6 min after the exercise. By applying the logit transformation to the recorded variables and relating them to the decimal logarithm of the recovery time, uniform single-phase courses of changes were shown for both variables in all subjects and exercises. This enabled computing half-recovery times (t(1/2)) for both variables. Half-time for VO2 negatively correlated with square root of exercise duration (within-subject r = -0.629, p < 0.001), the total post-exercise oxygen uptake till t(1/2) was thus constant irrespectively of exercise intensity. The method is simple and enables reliable comparisons of various modes of exercise with respect to the rate of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stupnicki
- University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
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Kochańska-Dziurowicz A, Gawel-Szostek V, Gabryś T, Kmita D. Changes in prolactin and testosterone levels induced by acute physical exertion in young female athletes. Fiziol Cheloveka 2001; 27:100-3. [PMID: 11548414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
In order to establish the influence of acute atypical exercise on prolactin and testosterone levels in young female athletes the authors selected a group of 13 short distance runners who were subjected to exercise on a cycle ergometer. Hormone levels were measured before the test, just after the end of test, 30 and 90 minutes thereafter. Significant increase in testosterone concentration appeared immediately after the exercise and 90 minutes after completion of a test testosterone level returned to preexercise levels. Unlike the results of other authors statistically significant decrease in plasma prolactin concentration was found 90 minutes after the end of test.
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