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Guatelli-Steinberg D, Kensler TB, Francis G, Maldonado E, Kohn LAP, Zhao MQ, Wang Q. Talon cusp expression in Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Am J Biol Anthropol 2024; 183:172-177. [PMID: 37787449 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This brief communication documents the prevalence of maxillary central incisor talon cusps in Cayo Santiago rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and assesses whether talon cusp presence occurs at equivalent frequencies across matrilines. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data on cusp presence vs. absence were analyzed by logistic regression in 170 monkeys (82 females, 78 males) from seven different matrilines. Sample sizes per matriline ranged from 10 to 42. Observations of talon cusps were blind with respect to matriline and sex. RESULTS Talon cusps were present in 9.4% of the sample. By matriline, cusp frequencies ranged from 0%-Matrilines 073 and 106%-to 19.1% in Matriline 076. The frequency of the talon cusp in Matriline 076 was significantly greater than the frequency of the cusp in the remainder of the sample. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of the talon cusp by sex. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the talon cusp in rhesus monkeys, as in humans and baboons, is a rare trait. Elevated prevalence of the talon cusp in Matriline 076 suggests the possibility of a genetic influence on talon cusp expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terry B Kensler
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - George Francis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth Maldonado
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Luci A P Kohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Illinois, USA
| | - Martin Q Zhao
- Department of Computer Science, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia, USA
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Guatelli‐Steinberg D, Guerrieri T, Kensler TB, Maldonado E, Francis G, Kohn LAP, Zhao MQ, Turnquist JE, Wang Q. Male Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta) tend to have greater molar wear than females at comparable ages: exploring two possible reasons why. Am J Biol Anthropol 2022; 178:437-447. [PMID: 36110367 PMCID: PMC9469874 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objectives (1) To investigate sex differences in molar wear in known-age Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and, (2) To explore sex differences in body weight and molar eruption timing as factors influencing sex differences in molar wear. Materials and Methods Data set I comprises wear scores, ages and body weights of 212 living monkeys included in the 1985 roundup. Data set II consists of molar wear measurements taken on 2D images of 103 of these monkeys' dental remains. Ordinal logistic regression was used to analyze the first data set. General linear models were used to analyze the second. Results Males generally exhibited more wear than females at equivalent chronological ages, though results varied by tooth type for the second data set. Male body weight in the full 1985 living sample was significantly related to dental wear, when age was taken into account; however, when males less than eight years of age were eliminated from the sample, the association between dental wear and weight became statistically insignificant. Analysis of the second data set suggested no statistically significant sex difference in dental wear for third molars, despite the approximately two year sex difference in eruption age for this tooth type. Discussion This study suggests that body weight in males might be a predictor of dental wear and that if it is, body weight might also influence sex differences in dental wear. Sex differences in dental eruption timing do not appear to explain sex differences in dental wear in this sample.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taylor Guerrieri
- Department of AnthropologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Terry B. Kensler
- Caribbean Primate Research CenterUniversity of Puerto RicoSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Elizabeth Maldonado
- Caribbean Primate Research CenterUniversity of Puerto RicoSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - George Francis
- Department of Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M University College of DentistryDallasTexasUSA
| | - Luci A. P. Kohn
- Department of Biological SciencesSouthern Illinois UniversityEdwardsvilleIllinoisUSA
| | - Martin Q. Zhao
- Department of Computer ScienceMercer UniversityMaconGeorgiaUSA
| | - Jean E. Turnquist
- Caribbean Primate Research CenterUniversity of Puerto RicoSan JuanPuerto Rico
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M University College of DentistryDallasTexasUSA
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Zhao MQ, Maldonado E, Kensler TB, Kohn LA, Guatelli-Steinberg D, Wang Q. Conceptual Design and Prototyping for a Primate Health History Knowledge Model. Adv Comput Vis Comput Biol (2020) 2021; 2021:509-520. [PMID: 35441181 PMCID: PMC9014649 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-71051-4_40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Primate models are important for understanding human conditions, especially in studies of ageing, pathology, adaptation, and evolution. However, how to integrate data from multiple disciplines and render them compatible with each other for datamining and in-depth study is always challenging. In a long-term project, we have started a collaborative research endeavor to examine the health history of a free-ranging rhesus macaque colony at Cayo Santiago, and build a knowledge model for anthropological and biomedical/translational studies of the effects of environment and genetics on bone development, aging, and pathologies. This paper discusses the conceptual design as well as the prototyping of this model and related graphical user interfaces, and how these will help future scientific queries and studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Q. Zhao
- Department of Computer Science, Mercer University, Macon, GA
| | - Elizabeth Maldonado
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR
| | - Terry B. Kensler
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR
| | - Luci A.P. Kohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL
| | | | - Qian Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX
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Ebersole JL, Orraca L, Kensler TB, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Maldonado E, Gonzalez OA. Periodontal disease susceptible matrilines in the Cayo Santiago Macaca mulatta macaques. J Periodontal Res 2018; 54:134-142. [PMID: 30277577 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND The expression of periodontitis, including age of onset, extent, and severity is considered to represent an interaction of the individual's oral microbiome and host response to the microbial challenge that is modified by both genetics and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of periodontitis in a population of nonhuman primates, to document features of familial distribution that could reflect heritability and transmission of microbes with enhanced virulence. MATERIAL AND METHODS This report presents our findings from evaluation of periodontal disease bone defects in skulls from 569 animals (5-31 years of age) derived from the skeletons of the rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) of Cayo Santiago derived from eight matrilines over 6-9 generations. The distance from the base of alveolar bone to the cemento-enamel junction on 1st /2nd premolars and 1st /2nd molars from all four quadrants was evaluated as a measure of periodontal disease. Additionally, we documented the presence of periodontitis in 79 living descendants within these matrilines. RESULTS The results demonstrated an increased extent and severity of periodontitis with aging across all matrilines. Extensive heterogeneity in disease expression was observed among the animals and this was linked to specific periodontitis susceptible matrilines. Moreover, we identified some matrilines in which the members appeared to show some resistance to more severe disease, even with aging. CONCLUSION Linking these disease variations to multigenerational matriarchal family units supported familial susceptibility of periodontitis. This familial disease relationship was reinforced by the distribution of naturally-occurring periodontitis in the living descendants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Luis Orraca
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Terry B Kensler
- Laboratory of Primate Morphology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Elisabeth Maldonado
- Laboratory of Primate Morphology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Octavio A Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Li H, Luo W, Feng A, Tang ML, Kensler TB, Maldonado E, Gonzalez OA, Kessler MJ, Dechow PC, Ebersole JL, Wang Q. Odontogenic abscesses in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) of Cayo Santiago. Am J Phys Anthropol 2018; 167:441-457. [PMID: 30129143 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Odontogenic abscesses are one of the most common dental diseases causing maxillofacial skeletal lesions. They affect the individual's ability to maintain the dental structures necessary to obtain adequate nutrition for survival and reproduction. In this study, the prevalence and pattern of odontogenic abscesses in relation to age, sex, matriline, and living periods were investigated in adult rhesus macaque skeletons of the free-ranging colony on Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico. MATERIALS AND METHODS The skulls used for this study were from the skeletons of 752 adult rhesus macaques, aged 8-31 years, and born between 1951 and 2000. They came from 66 matrilines ranging from 1 to 88 individuals. Fistulae or skeletal lesions caused by odontogenic abscesses drainage, carious lesions, tooth fractures, tooth loss, and alveolar resorption were evaluated visually. RESULTS Seventy-two specimens (9.57%) had odontogenic abscesses of varying severity. Males had a significantly higher prevalence than females. The prevalence of odontogenic abscesses in several matrilines was significantly higher than in the population as a whole. Animals born between 1950 and 1965 tended to have a higher prevalence of odontogenic abscesses than those born in later periods. DISCUSSION These results suggest that oral pathologies, such as dental and periodontal abscesses in rhesus macaques are fairly common, which may indicate familial effects interwoven with ecological and social factors. The closeness of the rhesus and human genomes allows insights to understand of the epidemiology of these diseases in the human population. Further assessment of the role played by environmental and familial factors on rhesus oral health and disease are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Anna Feng
- Pre-Dental Scholars Program, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Michelle L Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Terry B Kensler
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Elizabeth Maldonado
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Octavio A Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research & Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Matthew J Kessler
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Paul C Dechow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Qian Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
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Wang Q, Kessler MJ, Kensler TB, Dechow PC. The mandibles of castrated male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta): The effects of orchidectomy on bone and teeth. Am J Phys Anthropol 2015; 159:31-51. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry; Dallas TX
| | - Matthew J. Kessler
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources; Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center West Virginia University; Morgantown WV
| | - Terry B. Kensler
- Caribbean Primate Research Center; University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus; San Juan Puerto Rico
| | - Paul C. Dechow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry; Dallas TX
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Kessler MJ, Wang Q, Cerroni AM, Grynpas MD, Gonzalez Velez OD, Rawlins RG, Ethun KF, Wimsatt JH, Kensler TB, Pritzker KPH. Long-term effects of castration on the skeleton of male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Am J Primatol 2015; 78:152-66. [PMID: 25771746 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
While osteopenia (OPE) and osteoporosis (OPO) have been studied in various species of aging nonhuman primates and extensively in ovariectomized rhesus and cynomolgus macaques, there is virtually no information on the effects of castration on the skeleton of male nonhuman primates. Most information on castrated male primates comes from a few studies on the skeletons of eunuchs. This report used a subset of the Caribbean Primate Research Center's (CPRC) Cayo Santiago (CS) rhesus macaque skeletal collection to qualitatively and quantitatively compare the bone mineral density (BMD) of castrated and age-matched intact males and, thereby, determine the long-term effects of castration (orchidectomy) on bone. Lumbar vertebrae, femora, and crania were evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA or DXA) and digital radiography augmented, when fresh tissues were available, with autoradiography and histology. Results confirmed physical examinations of long bones that castration causes changes in the skeleton of male rhesus macaques similar to those found in eunuchs, including OPE and OPO of the vertebrae and femora, thinning of the skull, and vertebral fractures and kyphosis of the spine more severe than that caused by normal aging alone. Also like eunuchs, some castrated CS male rhesus monkeys had a longer life span than intact males or females. Based on these results and the effects of castration on other tissues and organs of eunuchs, on behavior, hormone profiles and possibly on cognition and visual perception of human and nonhuman primates, and other mammals, castrated male rhesus macaques should be used with caution for laboratory studies and should be considered a separate category from intact males. Despite these caveats, the castrated male rhesus macaque should make an excellent animal model in which to test hormone replacement therapies for boys and men orchidectomized for testicular and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Kessler
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Antonietta M Cerroni
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc D Grynpas
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olga D Gonzalez Velez
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Richard G Rawlins
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Kelly F Ethun
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeffrey H Wimsatt
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Terry B Kensler
- Caribbean Primate Research Center, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Kenneth P H Pritzker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital Joseph and Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Gonzalez OA, Orraca L, Kensler TB, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Maldonado E, Ebersole JL. Familial periodontal disease in the Cayo Santiago rhesus macaques. Am J Primatol 2015; 78:143-51. [PMID: 25708960 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Substantial ongoing research continues to explore the contribution of genetics and environment to the onset, extent and severity of periodontal disease(s). Existing evidence supports that periodontal disease appears to have an increased prevalence in family units with a member having aggressive periodontitis. We have been using the nonhuman primate as a model of periodontal disease for over 25 years with these species demonstrating naturally occurring periodontal disease that increases with age. This report details our findings from evaluation of periodontal disease in skulls from 97 animals (5-31 years of age) derived from the skeletons of the rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) on Cayo Santiago. Periodontal disease was evaluated by determining the distance from the base of the alveolar bone defect to the cemento-enamel junction on 1st/2nd premolars and 1st/2nd molars from all four quadrants. The results demonstrated an increasing extent and severity of periodontitis with aging across the population of animals beyond only compensatory eruption. Importantly, irrespective of age, extensive heterogeneity in disease expression was observed among the animals. Linking these variations to multi-generational matriarchal family units supported familial susceptibility of periodontitis. As the current generations of animals that are descendants from these matrilines are alive, studies can be conducted to explore an array of underlying factors that could account for susceptibility or resistance to periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio A Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Luis Orraca
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Terry B Kensler
- Laboratory of Primate Morphology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Elizabeth Maldonado
- Laboratory of Primate Morphology, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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