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Maddock KJ, Burbick CR, Cole SD, Daniels JB, LeCuyer TE, Li XZ, Loy JD, Sanchez S, Stenger BLS, Diaz-Campos D. A One Health perspective on the use of genotypic methods for antimicrobial resistance prediction. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024; 262:303-312. [PMID: 38295518 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.12.0687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global One Health concern with critical implications for the health of humans, animals, and the environment. Phenotypic methods of bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing remain the gold standards for the detection of antimicrobial resistance and appropriate patient care; however, genotypic-based methods, such as PCR, whole genome sequencing, and metagenomic sequencing, for detection of genes conferring antimicrobial resistance are increasingly available without inclusion of appropriate standards for quality or interpretation. Misleading test results may lead to inappropriate antimicrobial treatment and, in turn, poor patient outcomes and the potential for increased incidence of antimicrobial resistance. This article explores the current landscape of clinical and methodological aspects of antimicrobial susceptibility testing and genotypic antimicrobial resistance test methods. Additionally, it describes the limitations associated with employing genotypic-based test methods in the management of veterinary patients from a One Health perspective. The companion Currents in One Health by Maddock et al, AJVR, March 2024, addresses current and future needs for veterinary antimicrobial resistance research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli J Maddock
- 1Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Claire R Burbick
- 2Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Stephen D Cole
- 3School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joshua B Daniels
- 4College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Tessa E LeCuyer
- 5School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Xian-Zhi Li
- 6Veterinary Drugs Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - John Dustin Loy
- 7Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Susan Sanchez
- 8Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
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Maddock KJ, Bowden R, Cole SD, Diaz-Campos D, Daniels JB, LeCuyer TE, Li XZ, Loy JD, Sanchez S, Stenger BLS, Burbick CR. Current state and future directions for veterinary antimicrobial resistance research. Am J Vet Res 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38262139 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.23.12.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical One Health concern with implications for human, animal, plant, and environmental health. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), antimicrobial resistance testing (ART), and surveillance practices must be harmonized across One Health sectors to ensure consistent detection and reporting practices. Veterinary diagnostic laboratory stewardship, clinical outcomes studies, and training for current and future generations of veterinarians and laboratorians are necessary to minimize the spread of AMR and move veterinary medicine forward into an age of better antimicrobial use practices. The purpose of this article is to describe current knowledge gaps present in the literature surrounding ART, AST, and clinical or surveillance applications of these methods and to suggest areas where AMR research can fill these knowledge gaps. The related Currents in One Health by Maddock et al, JAVMA, March 2024, addresses current limitations to the use of genotypic ART methods in clinical veterinary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli J Maddock
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | | | - Stephen D Cole
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Joshua B Daniels
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Tessa E LeCuyer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Xian-Zhi Li
- Veterinary Drugs Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - John Dustin Loy
- Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Susan Sanchez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | | | - Claire R Burbick
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
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LeCuyer TE, Sellon RK, Byrne BA, Daniels JB, Diaz-Campos DV, Hendrix GK, Burbick CR, Besser TE, Davis MA. Multicenter molecular investigation of recurrent Escherichia coli bacteriuria in dogs. Vet Microbiol 2024; 288:109914. [PMID: 38113575 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the most common cause of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in dogs. UTI recurrence comprises of persistent, unresolved E. coli infection or reinfection with a different strain of E. coli. Differentiating between these processes is clinically important but is often impossible with routine diagnostics. We tested the hypothesis that most recurrent canine E. coli bacteriuria is due to recurrence of the same E. coli strain involved in the initial infection. Molecular typing was performed on 98 urinary E. coli isolated from dogs with recurrent bacteriuria from five veterinary diagnostic laboratories in the United States. Of the 42 dogs in this study with multiple E. coli bacteriuria observations, a single strain of E. coli caused recurrent bacteriuria in 26 (62 %) dogs, in some cases on multiple occasions for prolonged periods of time (up to eight months). A single E. coli strain was detected during both subclinical bacteriuria and clinically-apparent UTI in three dogs. Isolates with the P-fimbrial adhesin genes papA and papC were associated with recurrence by the same strain of E. coli. Multiple isolations of a single strain of E. coli associated with recurrent bacteriuria suggests that E. coli may be maintained within the urinary tract of some dogs for prolonged periods of time. In some patients, the same strain can cause both clinical UTI and subclinical bacteriuria. This indicates that in dogs, the urinary bladder may serve as a subclinical, long-term reservoir of E. coli that may cause clinical UTI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa E LeCuyer
- Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Rance K Sellon
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Barbara A Byrne
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joshua B Daniels
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dubraska V Diaz-Campos
- Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - G Kenitra Hendrix
- Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Claire R Burbick
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Thomas E Besser
- Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Margaret A Davis
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Beaudoin AL, Bollig ER, Burgess BA, Cohn LA, Cole SD, Dear JD, Fellman CL, Frey E, Goggs R, Johnston A, Kreuder AJ, KuKanich KS, LeCuyer TE, Menard J, Reagan KL, Sykes JE, Veir JK, Viviano K, Wayne A, Granick JL. Prevalence of antibiotic use for dogs and cats in United States veterinary teaching hospitals, August 2020. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1864-1875. [PMID: 37526594 PMCID: PMC10473043 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Awareness of prescribing practices helps identify opportunities to improve antibiotic use (AU). OBJECTIVES To estimate AU prevalence in dogs and cats in U.S. veterinary teaching hospitals (VTHs) and identify antibiotic drugs commonly prescribed, indications for use, and evidence of bacterial infection. ANIMALS Medical record data were collected from dogs and cats examined at 14 VTHs. METHODS Data were collected from VTH medical records of dogs and cats examined by primary care, urgent care, emergency and critical care, internal medicine, and surgery services on a single day during August 13-September 3, 2020. Data included signalment; clinical service; inpatient or outpatient status; clinical conditions; diagnostic tests; evidence of bacterial infection; intended reason for AU; name and route of antibiotics prescribed. RESULTS Of 883 dogs and cats, 322 (36.5%) were prescribed at least 1 antibiotic. Among 285 antibiotics administered systemically intended for treatment of infection, 10.9% were prescribed without evidence of infection. The most common class of antibiotics presribed for systemic administration was potentiated penicillin for dogs (115/346, 33.3%) and cats (27/80, 33.8%). For dogs and cats, first-generation cephalosporins (93/346, 26.9% and 11/80, 13.8%, respectively) and fluoroquinolones (51/346, 14.7% and 19/80, 23.8%, respectively) was second or third most-prescribed. Common AU indications included skin, respiratory, and urinary conditions, and perioperative use. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Collaborative data collection provides a sustainable methodology to generate national AU prevalence estimates and bring attention to areas requiring additional research and detailed data collection. These efforts can also identify practice improvement opportunities in settings where future veterinarians are trained.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma R. Bollig
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesotaUSA
| | - Brandy A. Burgess
- Department of Population HealthCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Leah A. Cohn
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and SurgeryCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Stephen D. Cole
- Department of PathobiologySchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jonathan D. Dear
- Department of Medicine and EpidemiologySchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California‐DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Claire L. Fellman
- Department of Clinical SciencesCummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts UniversityGraftonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Erin Frey
- Department of Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Robert Goggs
- Department of Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Andrea Johnston
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Amanda J. Kreuder
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Kate S. KuKanich
- Department of Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA
| | - Tessa E. LeCuyer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and PathobiologyVirginia‐Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Julie Menard
- Department of Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
- Present address:
Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Krystle L. Reagan
- Department of Medicine and EpidemiologySchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California‐DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jane E. Sykes
- Department of Medicine and EpidemiologySchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California‐DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Julia K. Veir
- Department of Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Present address:
Antech DiagnosticsFountain ValleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Katrina Viviano
- Department of Medical SciencesSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Annie Wayne
- Department of Clinical SciencesCummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts UniversityGraftonMassachusettsUSA
- Present address:
Ethos Veterinary HealthWoburnMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jennifer L. Granick
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesotaUSA
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Pacholec C, Carvallo F, LeCuyer TE, Todd SM, Ramirez-Barrios R, Weisman J, Zimmerman K. What is your diagnosis? Cecal smear in a peafowl. Vet Clin Pathol 2023. [PMID: 37488070 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pacholec
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Francisco Carvallo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Tessa E LeCuyer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Stephanie Michelle Todd
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Roger Ramirez-Barrios
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Jamie Weisman
- Warrenton Regional Animal Health laboratory, Warrenton, Virginia, USA
| | - Kurt Zimmerman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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Trusiano B, Todd SM, Barrett S, Ciepluch M, Fox A, McClendon D, Lahmers KK, Oakes VJ, Carvallo F, Corrigan V, LeCuyer TE. Necrotizing hepatitis caused by Clostridium novyi type B in a dog with no predisposing liver lesions: a case report. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:366. [PMID: 36199095 PMCID: PMC9533544 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infectious necrotic hepatitis (INH) is typically a disease of ruminants caused by Clostridium novyi type B. Growth of the causative agent is supported by development of an anaerobic environment within the liver. In dogs, C. novyi is rare and has only been previously reported as a post-mortem diagnosis. In one case, infection was secondary to metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma and the other was presumptively diagnosed on histopathology of a hepatic lesion in a dog initially presented for acute collapse. Case presentation An 8-year-old spayed, female mixed breed dog was presented for acute onset of hyporexia and vomiting. Serum biochemistry revealed elevated hepatocellular injury and cholestatic liver enzymes. Ultrasound revealed peritoneal fluid accumulation and multiple hepatic masses. Cytologic examination of liver aspirates and peritoneal fluid revealed frequent 4 × 1 μm bacilli with a terminal endospore. Anaerobic bacterial growth isolated from the fluid sample could not be identified using typical laboratory identification techniques. Long-read, whole genome sequencing was performed, and the organism was identified as Clostridium novyi type B. Antimicrobial and hepatic support treatment were initiated. The patient re-presented 27 days later, and the follow up liver aspirate with cytology revealed no appreciable bacteria and anaerobic culture was negative. The patient was presented four months later and a large hepatic mass and peritoneal fluid were again identified on abdominal ultrasound. Cytologic examination of the peritoneal fluid revealed bacilli similar to those identified on initial presentation. The patient was euthanized. The most significant finding on necropsy was necrotizing hepatitis with intralesional endospore-forming bacilli compatible with recurrence of Clostridium novyi type B. There was no identifiable cause of an anaerobic insult to the liver. Conclusions This case demonstrates the diagnostic utility of using cytology as part of the initial diagnostic work up for infectious hepatitis. The cytologic findings coupled with whole genome sequencing and anaerobic culture were crucial for the identification and classification of the organism identified on fine needle aspirate. Clostridium novyi type B should be considered when bacilli organisms containing a terminal endospore are identified on liver aspirates collected from canine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brie Trusiano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, VA Tech, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA. .,Virginia Tech Animal Laboratory Services, VA-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - S Michelle Todd
- Virginia Tech Animal Laboratory Services, VA-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Sarah Barrett
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, VA Tech, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.,Virginia Tech Animal Laboratory Services, VA-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.,Present Address: Zoetis, Inc., US NJ Remote, Parsippany-Troy Hills, USA
| | - Michael Ciepluch
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Alexandra Fox
- Virginia Tech Animal Laboratory Services, VA-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Diamond McClendon
- Virginia Tech Animal Laboratory Services, VA-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Kevin K Lahmers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, VA Tech, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.,Virginia Tech Animal Laboratory Services, VA-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Vanessa J Oakes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, VA Tech, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.,Virginia Tech Animal Laboratory Services, VA-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Francisco Carvallo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, VA Tech, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.,Virginia Tech Animal Laboratory Services, VA-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Virginia Corrigan
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.,Present Address: Department of Rural Resilience and Innovation, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, 28608, USA
| | - Tessa E LeCuyer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, VA Tech, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.,Virginia Tech Animal Laboratory Services, VA-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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LeCuyer TE, Rink A, Bradway DS, Evermann JF, Nicola AV, Baszler T, Haldorson GJ. Abortion in a Mediterranean miniature donkey (Equus asinus) associated with a gammaherpesvirus similar to Equid herpesvirus 7. J Vet Diagn Invest 2015; 27:749-53. [PMID: 26462760 DOI: 10.1177/1040638715611444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal tissues and placenta from a third trimester Mediterranean miniature donkey (Equus asinus) abortion were submitted to the Washington State University, Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory for abortion diagnosis. Microscopic examination of formalin-fixed tissues revealed multifocal necrotizing placentitis. Several cells within the necrotic foci contained large, eosinophilic, intranuclear inclusions. Virus isolation from fresh, frozen placenta identified a cytopathic, syncytia-forming virus. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the cultured virus using degenerate universal herpesvirus primers amplified a 699-base pair portion of the DNA polymerase gene. The PCR amplicon had 96.7% nucleotide identity with the DNA polymerase gene of Equid herpesvirus 7 (EHV-7; asinine herpesvirus 2), a gammaherpesvirus. An identical sequence was obtained when the same degenerate herpesvirus primers were used for PCR on the formalin-fixed placenta. Additionally, the amplicon had complete identity with short sequences of asinine herpesviruses that have been published in association with interstitial pneumonia in donkeys. EHV-7 has previously been isolated from nasal secretions of normal donkeys and mules. Our report describes a case of abortion associated with EHV-7 or a similar virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa E LeCuyer
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (LeCuyer, Bradway, Evermann, Baszler, Haldorson), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WADepartment of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology (LeCuyer, Nicola, Baszler, Haldorson), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WAPaul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health (Bradway, Nicola, Baszler), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WADepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Evermann), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WAAnimal Disease and Food Safety Laboratory, Nevada Department of Agriculture, Sparks, NV (Rink)
| | - Anette Rink
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (LeCuyer, Bradway, Evermann, Baszler, Haldorson), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WADepartment of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology (LeCuyer, Nicola, Baszler, Haldorson), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WAPaul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health (Bradway, Nicola, Baszler), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WADepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Evermann), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WAAnimal Disease and Food Safety Laboratory, Nevada Department of Agriculture, Sparks, NV (Rink)
| | - Daniel S Bradway
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (LeCuyer, Bradway, Evermann, Baszler, Haldorson), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WADepartment of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology (LeCuyer, Nicola, Baszler, Haldorson), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WAPaul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health (Bradway, Nicola, Baszler), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WADepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Evermann), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WAAnimal Disease and Food Safety Laboratory, Nevada Department of Agriculture, Sparks, NV (Rink)
| | - James F Evermann
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (LeCuyer, Bradway, Evermann, Baszler, Haldorson), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WADepartment of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology (LeCuyer, Nicola, Baszler, Haldorson), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WAPaul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health (Bradway, Nicola, Baszler), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WADepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Evermann), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WAAnimal Disease and Food Safety Laboratory, Nevada Department of Agriculture, Sparks, NV (Rink)
| | - Anthony V Nicola
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (LeCuyer, Bradway, Evermann, Baszler, Haldorson), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WADepartment of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology (LeCuyer, Nicola, Baszler, Haldorson), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WAPaul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health (Bradway, Nicola, Baszler), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WADepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Evermann), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WAAnimal Disease and Food Safety Laboratory, Nevada Department of Agriculture, Sparks, NV (Rink)
| | - Timothy Baszler
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (LeCuyer, Bradway, Evermann, Baszler, Haldorson), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WADepartment of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology (LeCuyer, Nicola, Baszler, Haldorson), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WAPaul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health (Bradway, Nicola, Baszler), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WADepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Evermann), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WAAnimal Disease and Food Safety Laboratory, Nevada Department of Agriculture, Sparks, NV (Rink)
| | - Gary J Haldorson
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (LeCuyer, Bradway, Evermann, Baszler, Haldorson), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WADepartment of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology (LeCuyer, Nicola, Baszler, Haldorson), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WAPaul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health (Bradway, Nicola, Baszler), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WADepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Evermann), College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WAAnimal Disease and Food Safety Laboratory, Nevada Department of Agriculture, Sparks, NV (Rink)
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Benarafa C, LeCuyer TE, Baumann M, Stolley JM, Cremona TP, Remold-O'Donnell E. SerpinB1 protects the mature neutrophil reserve in the bone marrow. J Leukoc Biol 2011; 90:21-9. [PMID: 21248149 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0810461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SerpinB1 is among the most efficient inhibitors of neutrophil serine proteases--NE, CG, and PR-3--and we investigated here its role in neutrophil development and homeostasis. We found that serpinB1 is expressed in all human bone marrow leukocytes, including stem and progenitor cells. Expression levels were highest in the neutrophil lineage and peaked at the promyelocyte stage, coincident with the production and packaging of the target proteases. Neutrophil numbers were decreased substantially in the bone marrow of serpinB1(-/-) mice. This cellular deficit was associated with an increase in serum G-CSF levels. On induction of acute pulmonary injury, neutrophils were recruited to the lungs, causing the bone marrow reserve pool to be completely exhausted in serpinB1(-/-) mice. Numbers of myeloid progenitors were normal in serpinB1(-/-) bone marrow, coincident with the absence of target protease expression at these developmental stages. Maturation arrest of serpinB1(-/-) neutrophils was excluded by the normal CFU-G growth in vitro and the normal expression in mature neutrophils of early and late differentiation markers. Normal absolute numbers of proliferating neutrophils and pulse-chase kinetic studies in vivo showed that the bone marrow deficit in serpinB1(-/-) mice was largely restricted to mature, postmitotic neutrophils. Finally, upon overnight culture, apoptosis and necrosis were greater in purified bone marrow neutrophils from serpinB1(-/-) compared with WT mice. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that serpinB1 sustains a healthy neutrophil reserve that is required in acute immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charaf Benarafa
- Theodor Kocher Institute, Freiestrasse 1, 3006 Bern, Switzerland.
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