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Sturion TU, Vicente ACS, de Paula Carlis MS, de Assis RG, de Souza TT, Polizel DM, Junior PCGD, Dos Santos IJ, Comelli JH, Biava JS, Pires AV, Ferreira EM. Processing methods of flint corn and protein supplement in forage-free diets for feedlot lambs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:105. [PMID: 36859568 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Diets without forage increase the productivity in less time and favor greater practicality and better quality carcass. The corn grain is mostly used associated with pellets but processing these ingredients can bring benefits. The present study evaluated the effect of diets without forage based on whole or coarse ground corn associated with pelleted or ground protein supplement on performance, eating behavior, carcass characteristics, and ruminal morphology of feedlot lambs. Thirty-five Dorper × Santa Inês lambs were used, with 23.85 ± 3.88 kg of initial body weight and 88 ± 9 days old. The experimental design was in a randomized complete block, defined by body weight and age. The experimental diets were control (CONT), containing 90% of concentrate and 10% of forage (coastcross hay), and 4 diets without forage: WC+P, 70% whole flint corn and 30% pelleted protein supplement; WC+G, 70% whole flint corn and 30% ground protein supplement; GC+P, 70% ground flint corn and 30% pelleted protein supplement; and GC+G, 70% ground flint corn and 30% ground protein supplement. There was an interaction between treatments and experimental periods for DMI in kg/day (P = 0.01) and g/kg of BW0.75 (P < 0.01; Table 3). For the DMI in kg/day, no significant differences were observed between the treatments in any of the experimental periods. However, for DMI expressed in g/kg of BW0.75, the animals fed WC+P had lower DMI than the animals on the CONT (P < 0.01) only in the first period. The ADG, FBW, and FE were not affected by the treatments. Compared to CONT, forage-free diets decreased ingestion time (min/day) and rumination and chewing (min/day and min/g of dry matter). There was no effect of treatments for any of the carcass traits evaluated. The diets did not cause lesions suggestive of ruminitis. Forage-free diets containing whole or ground corn associated with pelleted or ground protein supplement can be used successfully for feedlot lambs; they provide proper performance and carcass characteristics, without harming the animal's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamires Ubices Sturion
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Silva Vicente
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Sousa de Paula Carlis
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Rhaissa Garcia de Assis
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Terezinha Teixeira de Souza
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Montanher Polizel
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, FMVZ, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias North Avenue, n 225, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Gonzales Dias Junior
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Isabela Jorge Dos Santos
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Jamile Haddad Comelli
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Janaina Socolovski Biava
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Vaz Pires
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, FMVZ, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias North Avenue, n 225, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-000, Brazil
| | - Evandro Maia Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil.
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Vicente ACS, de Paula Carlis MS, Dos Santos IJ, da Silva ALA, Júnior PCGD, de Assis RG, Sturion TU, Biava JS, Pires AV, Ferreira EM. Performance, nutritional behavior, and carcass characteristics of feedlot lambs fed diets with non-forage fiber source or sodium bicarbonate. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:287. [PMID: 36083357 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation in diets and compare its chemical effect with the fiber effect of soybean hulls on performance, nutritional behavior, and carcass characteristics of feedlot lambs. Twenty-eight ram lambs (Dorper × Santa Inês), with an initial body weight of 30.2 ± 4.5 kg and 94 ± 8.4 days old, were used. They were assigned to a randomized complete block design, defined by initial age and body weight. Experimental diets were positive control, diet containing soybean hulls in 400 g/kg dry matter (DM) (CONT), and three diets based on ground flint corn containing 10 (10SB), 20 (20SB), or 30 (30SB) g/kg DM of SB. Among the SB levels, the buffer supplementation quadratically increased dry matter intake, average daily gain, feed efficiency, as well as increased final and slaughter body weight, which led to higher hot and cold carcass weights, loin muscle area, leg compacity index, and weight of neck, shoulder, rib, and leg cuts, with higher values for the 20SB. Feeding SB linearly decreased the area and height of the papillae. None of the animals presented liver abscess; however, two animals from 30SB and one from CONT had F-rumen lesions. The use of SB provided a similar animal performance when compared to the treatment containing soybean hulls. This shows that the chemical effect of the buffer was efficient and provided greater safety for this type of diet without causing damages to the rumen health. Among the SB levels, the best results were observed in the 20 g/kg level (20SB), which shows that the buffer can be used as a strategy for diets with high inclusion of corn and no fiber source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Silva Vicente
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Sousa de Paula Carlis
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Isabela Jorge Dos Santos
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Adrielly Lais Alves da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Gonzales Dias Júnior
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Rhaissa Garcia de Assis
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Thamires Ubices Sturion
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Janaina Socolovski Biava
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Vaz Pires
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, FMVZ, University of São Paulo, Duque de Caxias North Avenue, n 225, Pirassununga, São Paulo, 13635-000, Brazil
| | - Evandro Maia Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Avenue, n 11, PO Box 09, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil.
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