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Allam AF, Hagras NAE, Farag HF, Osman MM, Shalaby TI, Kazem AH, Shehab AY, Mogahed NMFH. Remarkable histopathological improvement of experimental toxoplasmosis after receiving spiramycin-chitosan nanoparticles formulation. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:166-177. [PMID: 35299902 PMCID: PMC8901813 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the anti-Toxoplasma effect of chitosan nanoparticles [CS NPs], spiramycin, spiramycin co-administered with metronidazole and spiramycin-CS NPs formulation on the parasite burden and histopathological changes in the liver, spleen and brain in experimentally infected mice. Seventy male Swiss albino mice were classified into seven equal groups: healthy control (I), infected untreated control (II), infected group receiving CS NPs (III), spiramycin administered infected group (IV), infected group receiving spiramycin-metronidazole (V), infected receiving 400 mg/kg spiramycin-CS NPs (VI) and infected treated with spiramycin-loaded CS NPs 100 mg/kg (VII). All groups were inoculated intraperitoneally with 2500 T. gondii tachyzoites RH strain except the healthy control group. All groups were sacrificed on the 8th day after infection. Density of the parasite and histopathological examination of the liver, spleen and brain of all treated mice revealed reduction in the mean tachyzoites count as well as decreased inflammation, congestion and necrosis within tissue sections. Spiramycin-loaded NPs displayed the highest significant reduction in the pathological insult tailed by spiramycin-metronidazole and CS NPs. In conclusion, spiramycin-loaded CS NPs showed a promising synergistic combination in the treatment of the histopathology caused by toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Farahat Allam
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 El Horreya Avenue, El Hadara, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nancy Abd-elkader Hagras
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda Fahmy Farag
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 El Horreya Avenue, El Hadara, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mervat Mostafa Osman
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 El Horreya Avenue, El Hadara, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Thanaa Ibrahim Shalaby
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amani Hussein Kazem
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amel Youssef Shehab
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, 165 El Horreya Avenue, El Hadara, Alexandria, Egypt
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Abou-El-Naga IF, El Kerdany ED, Mady RF, Shalaby TI, Zaytoun EM. The effect of lopinavir/ritonavir and lopinavir/ritonavir loaded PLGA nanoparticles on experimental toxoplasmosis. Parasitol Int 2017; 66:735-747. [PMID: 28838776 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A marked reduction has been achieved in the incidence and clinical course of toxoplasmic encephalitis after the introduction of protease inhibitors within the treatment regimen of HIV (HIV-PIs). This work was undertaken to study for the first time, the efficacy of HIV-PIs, lopinavir/ritonavir (L/R), as a therapeutic agent in acute experimental toxoplasmosis. Lopinavir/ritonavir (L/R) were used in the same ratio present in aluvia, a known HIV-PIs drug used in the developing countries in the treatment regimens of AID's patient. Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles were used as a delivery system to L/R therapy. L/R alone or after its encapsulation on PLGA were given to Swiss strain albino mice that were infected with RH virulent toxoplasma strain. Both forms caused parasitological improvement in both mortality rate and parasite count. The higher efficacy was achieved by using L/R PLGA together with minimizing the effective dose. There was significant reduction in the parasite count in the peritoneal fluid and the liver. Parasite viability and infectivity were also significantly reduced. The anti-toxoplasma effect of the drug was attributed to the morphological distortion of the tachyzoites as evident by the ultrastructure examination and suppressed the egress of tachyzoites. L/R also induced changes that suggest apoptosis and autophagy of tachyzoites. The parasitophorous vacuole membrane was disrupted and vesiculated. The nanotubular networks inside the parasitophorous vacuole were disrupted. Therefore, the present work opens a new possible way for the approved HIV-PIs as an alternative treatment against acute toxoplasmosis. Furthermore, it increases the list of the opportunistic parasites that can be treated by this drug. The successful in vivo effect of HIV-PIs against Toxoplasma gondii suggests that this parasite may be a target in HIV treated patients, thus decrease the possibility of toxoplasmic encephalitis development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rasha Fadly Mady
- Medical Parasitology Department, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Egypt.
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Shalaby TI, Fekry NM, Sodfy ASE, Sheredy AGE, Moustafa MESSA. Preparation and characterisation of antibacterial silver-containing nanofibres for wound healing in diabetic mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1504/ijnp.2015.070346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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