1
|
Bliley J, Tashman JW, Stang MA, Coffin BD, Shiwarksi DJ, Lee A, Hinton TJ, Feinberg AW. FRESH 3D bioprinting a contractile heart tube using human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35213846 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac58be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Here we developed a simplified model of the human heart, similar that observed in embryonic development where the heart first starts as a contractile linear tube. To this end, we created a bioinspired model of the human heart tube scaled ~10x larger, consisting of a collagen tube fabricated with high fidelity using freeform reversible of embedding of suspended hydrogels (FRESH) 3D bioprinting. The collagen tubes were cellularized using human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts via a rapid casting approach, with synchronous contractions ~3-4 days after fabrication and maintained for up to one month. Immunofluorescent staining confirmed dense, interconnected networks of sarcomeric α-actinin-positive cardiomyocytes. Electrophysiology was assessed using calcium imaging and demonstrated anisotropic calcium wave propagation along the heart tube with a conduction velocity of ~5 cm/s. Contractility and basic pump function were demonstrated by tracking the movement of fluorescent beads within the lumen to estimate fluid displacement and bead velocity. Results show the ability to displace fluid, but the simple linear design and lack of valves limited mean bead displacement. In summary, we have 3D bioprinted a contractile human heart tube as an initial step toward organ engineering by mimicking the simplified structure observed at early developmental time points.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Bliley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, UNITED STATES
| | - Joshua W Tashman
- Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, UNITED STATES
| | - Maria A Stang
- Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213-3815, UNITED STATES
| | - Brian D Coffin
- Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213-3815, UNITED STATES
| | - Daniel J Shiwarksi
- Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, UNITED STATES
| | - Andrew Lee
- Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213-3815, UNITED STATES
| | - Thomas J Hinton
- Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213-3815, UNITED STATES
| | - Adam W Feinberg
- Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213-3815, UNITED STATES
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jeon O, Bin Lee Y, Hinton TJ, Feinberg AW, Alsberg E. Cryopreserved cell-laden alginate microgel bioink for 3D bioprinting of living tissues. Mater Today Chem 2019; 12:61-70. [PMID: 30778400 PMCID: PMC6377241 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell-laden microgels have been used as tissue building blocks to create three-dimensional (3D) tissues and organs. However, traditional assembly methods can not be used to fabricate functional tissue constructs with biomechanical and structural complexity. In this study, we present directed assembly of cell-laden dual-crosslinkable alginate microgels comprised of oxidized and methacrylated alginate (OMA). Cell-laden OMA microgels can be directly assembled into well-defined 3D shapes and structures under low-level ultraviolet light. Stem cell-laden OMA microgels can be successfully cryopreserved for long-term storage and on-demand applications, and the recovered encapsulated cells maintained equivalent viability and functionality to the freshly processed stem cells. Finally, we have successfully demonstrated that cell-laden microgels can be assembled into complicated 3D tissue structures via freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels (FRESH) 3D bioprinting. This highly innovative bottom-up strategy using FRESH 3D bioprinting of cell-laden OMA microgels, which are cryopreservable, provides a powerful and highly scalable tool for fabrication of customized and biomimetic 3D tissue constructs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oju Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Yu Bin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Thomas J Hinton
- Materials Science & Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University
| | - Adam W Feinberg
- Materials Science & Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Syringe pump extruders are required for a wide range of 3D printing applications, including bioprinting, embedded printing, and food printing. However, the mass of the syringe becomes a major challenge for most printing platforms, requiring compromises in speed, resolution and/or volume. To address these issues, we have designed a syringe pump large volume extruder (LVE) that is compatible with low-cost, open source 3D printers, and herein demonstrate its performance on a PrintrBot Simple Metal. Key aspects of the LVE include: (1) it is open source and compatible with open source hardware and software, making it inexpensive and widely accessible to the 3D printing community, (2) it utilizes a standard 60 mL syringe as its ink reservoir, effectively increasing print volume of the average bioprinter, (3) it is capable of retraction and high speed movements, and (4) it can print fluids using nozzle diameters as small as 100 µm, enabling the printing of complex shapes/objects when used in conjunction with the freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels (FRESH) 3D printing method. Printing performance of the LVE is demonstrated by utilizing alginate as a model biomaterial ink to fabricate parametric CAD models and standard calibration objects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kira Pusch
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, United States
| | - Thomas J. Hinton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, United States
| | - Adam W. Feinberg
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, United States
- Corresponding author at: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, United States. (A.W. Feinberg)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hinton TJ, Hudson A, Pusch K, Lee A, Feinberg AW. 3D Printing PDMS Elastomer in a Hydrophilic Support Bath via Freeform Reversible Embedding. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1781-1786. [PMID: 27747289 PMCID: PMC5059754 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Polydimethylsiloxane
(PDMS) elastomer is used in a wide range of
biomaterial applications including microfluidics, cell culture substrates,
flexible electronics, and medical devices. However, it has proved
challenging to 3D print PDMS in complex structures due to its low
elastic modulus and need for support during the printing process.
Here we demonstrate the 3D printing of hydrophobic PDMS prepolymer
resins within a hydrophilic Carbopol gel support via freeform reversible
embedding (FRE). In the FRE printing process, the Carbopol support
acts as a Bingham plastic that yields and fluidizes when the syringe
tip of the 3D printer moves through it, but acts as a solid for the
PDMS extruded within it. This, in combination with the immiscibility
of hydrophobic PDMS in the hydrophilic Carbopol, confines the PDMS
prepolymer within the support for curing times up to 72 h while maintaining
dimensional stability. After printing and curing, the Carbopol support
gel releases the embedded PDMS prints by using phosphate buffered
saline solution to reduce the Carbopol yield stress. As proof-of-concept,
we used Sylgard 184 PDMS to 3D print linear and helical filaments
via continuous extrusion and cylindrical and helical tubes via layer-by-layer
fabrication. Importantly, we show that the 3D printed tubes were manifold
and perfusable. The results demonstrate that hydrophobic polymers
with low viscosity and long cure times can be 3D printed using a hydrophilic
support, expanding the range of biomaterials that can be used in additive
manufacturing. Further, by implementing the technology using low cost
open-source hardware and software tools, the FRE printing technique
can be rapidly implemented for research applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Hinton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 United States
| | - Andrew Hudson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 United States
| | - Kira Pusch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 United States
| | - Andrew Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 United States
| | - Adam W Feinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hinton TJ, Jallerat Q, Palchesko RN, Park JH, Grodzicki MS, Shue HJ, Ramadan MH, Hudson AR, Feinberg AW. Three-dimensional printing of complex biological structures by freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels. Sci Adv 2015; 1:e1500758. [PMID: 26601312 PMCID: PMC4646826 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 886] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the additive manufacturing of complex three-dimensional (3D) biological structures using soft protein and polysaccharide hydrogels that are challenging or impossible to create using traditional fabrication approaches. These structures are built by embedding the printed hydrogel within a secondary hydrogel that serves as a temporary, thermoreversible, and biocompatible support. This process, termed freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels, enables 3D printing of hydrated materials with an elastic modulus <500 kPa including alginate, collagen, and fibrin. Computer-aided design models of 3D optical, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging data were 3D printed at a resolution of ~200 μm and at low cost by leveraging open-source hardware and software tools. Proof-of-concept structures based on femurs, branched coronary arteries, trabeculated embryonic hearts, and human brains were mechanically robust and recreated complex 3D internal and external anatomical architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Hinton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Quentin Jallerat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rachelle N. Palchesko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joon Hyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Martin S. Grodzicki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Hao-Jan Shue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mohamed H. Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Andrew R. Hudson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Adam W. Feinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|