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Alleman TW, Rollier M, Vergeynst J, Baetens JM. A Stochastic Mobility-Driven Spatially Explicit SEIQRD covid-19 Model with VOCs, Seasonality, and Vaccines. Appl Math Model 2023; 123:S0307-904X(23)00281-0. [PMID: 38620163 PMCID: PMC10306418 DOI: 10.1016/j.apm.2023.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we extend our previously developed compartmental SEIQRD model for sars-cov-2 in Belgium. We introduce sars-cov-2 variants of concern, vaccines, and seasonality in our model, as their addition has proven necessary for modelling sars-cov-2 transmission dynamics during the 2020-2021 covid-19 pandemic in Belgium. The model is geographically stratified into eleven spatial patches (provinces), and a telecommunication dataset provided by Belgium's biggest operator is used to incorporate interprovincial mobility. We calibrate the model using the daily number of hospitalisations in each province and serological data. We find the model adequately describes these data, but the addition of interprovincial mobility was not necessary to obtain an accurate description of the 2020-2021 sars-cov-2 pandemic in Belgium. We further demonstrate how our model can be used to help policymakers decide on the optimal timing of the release of social restrictions.We find that adding spatial heterogeneity by geographically stratifying the model results in more uncertain model projections as compared to an equivalent nation-level model, which has both communicative advantages and disadvantages. We finally discuss the impact of imposing local mobility or social contact restrictions to contain an epidemic in a given province and find that lowering social contact is a more effective strategy than lowering mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijs W Alleman
- BIOSPACE, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Michiel Rollier
- BIOSPACE, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Jenna Vergeynst
- BIOSPACE, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Jan M Baetens
- BIOSPACE, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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Alleman TW, Vergeynst J, De Visscher L, Rollier M, Torfs E, Nopens I, Baetens JM. Assessing the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Belgium by means of an extended SEIQRD model and public mobility data. Epidemics 2021; 37:100505. [PMID: 34649183 PMCID: PMC8487325 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2021.100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a compartmental extended SEIQRD metapopulation model for SARS-CoV-2 spread in Belgium. We demonstrate the robustness of the calibration procedure by calibrating the model using incrementally larger datasets and dissect the model results by computing the effective reproduction number at home, in workplaces, in schools, and during leisure activities. We find that schools and home contacts are important transmission pathways for SARS-CoV-2 under lockdown measures. School reopening has the potential to increase the effective reproduction number from Re=0.66±0.04 (95 % CI) to Re=1.09±0.05 (95 % CI) under lockdown measures. The model accounts for the main characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and COVID-19 disease and features a detailed representation of hospitals with parameters derived from a dataset consisting of 22 136 hospitalized patients. Social contact during the pandemic is modeled by scaling pre-pandemic contact matrices with Google Community Mobility data and with effectivity-of-contact parameters inferred from hospitalization data. The calibrated social contact model with its publically available mobility data, although coarse-grained, is a cheap and readily available alternative to social–epidemiological contact studies under lockdown measures, which were not available at the start of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijs W Alleman
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Jenna Vergeynst
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium; KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Lander De Visscher
- KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Michiel Rollier
- KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Elena Torfs
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ingmar Nopens
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jan M Baetens
- KERMIT, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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