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Evonuk KS, Wang S, Mattie J, Cracchiolo CJ, Mager R, Ferenčić Ž, Sprague E, Carrier B, Schofield K, Martinez E, Stewart Z, Petrosino T, Johnson GA, Yusuf I, Plaisted W, Naiman Z, Delp T, Carter L, Marušić S. Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibition reduces disease severity in a model of secondary progressive autoimmune demyelination. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:115. [PMID: 37438842 PMCID: PMC10337138 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01614-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an emerging target in multiple sclerosis (MS). Alongside its role in B cell receptor signaling and B cell development, BTK regulates myeloid cell activation and inflammatory responses. Here we demonstrate efficacy of BTK inhibition in a model of secondary progressive autoimmune demyelination in Biozzi mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We show that late in the course of disease, EAE severity could not be reduced with a potent relapse inhibitor, FTY720 (fingolimod), indicating that disease was relapse-independent. During this same phase of disease, treatment with a BTK inhibitor reduced both EAE severity and demyelination compared to vehicle treatment. Compared to vehicle treatment, late therapeutic BTK inhibition resulted in fewer spinal cord-infiltrating myeloid cells, with lower expression of CD86, pro-IL-1β, CD206, and Iba1, and higher expression of Arg1, in both tissue-resident and infiltrating myeloid cells, suggesting a less inflammatory myeloid cell milieu. These changes were accompanied by decreased spinal cord axonal damage. We show similar efficacy with two small molecule inhibitors, including a novel, highly selective, central nervous system-penetrant BTK inhibitor, GB7208. These results suggest that through lymphoid and myeloid cell regulation, BTK inhibition reduced neurodegeneration and disease progression during secondary progressive EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sen Wang
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Josh Mattie
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - C. J. Cracchiolo
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Reine Mager
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Željko Ferenčić
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Ethan Sprague
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Brandon Carrier
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Kai Schofield
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Evelyn Martinez
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Zachary Stewart
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Tara Petrosino
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | | | - Isharat Yusuf
- Gossamer Bio, 3013 Science Park Road, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Warren Plaisted
- Gossamer Bio, 3013 Science Park Road, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Zachary Naiman
- Gossamer Bio, 3013 Science Park Road, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Timothy Delp
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
| | - Laura Carter
- Gossamer Bio, 3013 Science Park Road, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Suzana Marušić
- Hooke Laboratories, LLC, 439 South Union Street, Lawrence, MA 01843 USA
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Almaghasilah A, Daigle K, Gilbert C, Sulinski E, Aronis J, Bouchard A, Delp T, Singer C, Abedi A, Hayes M. 1014 Sleep Monitoring in Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Noninvasive, Under the Sheet Sensors. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Almaghasilah
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - K Daigle
- Psychological Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - C Gilbert
- Psychological Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - E Sulinski
- Psychological Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - J Aronis
- Psychological Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - A Bouchard
- Psychological Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - T Delp
- Psychological Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - C Singer
- Geriatric Neuropsychiatry Program, Acadia Hospital, Bangor, ME
| | - A Abedi
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME
| | - M Hayes
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences & Engineering, Orono, ME
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Marusic S, Olson K, Delp T, Tobin C, Lindbergh D. Immunization method influences EAE relapse rate in SJL mice (171.6). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.171.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We have discovered that administration of pertussis toxin as an adjuvant during induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in SJL mice results in a more severe first EAE wave, but fewer, milder and later relapses than if pertussis toxin is not used. This finding is inconsistent with the widely-accepted epitope spreading hypothesis, which predicts more severe relapses resulting from more severe tissue damage in the first wave. EAE in SJL mice immunized with PLP139-151/CFA is the mouse model which most closely resembles human remitting/relapsing multiple sclerosis. EAE develops in 90-100% of immunized mice 10-15 days after immunization. The first wave of EAE lasts several days and most mice recover from it. After a disease-free period from one day to several months, most mice relapse. 50-75% of mice develop a relapse during the first 6 weeks after immunization. It is not clear why relapses develop. It is widely accepted that relapses result from epitope spreading - new immune responses to epitopes of self antigens other than the PLP139-151. It is believed that tissue damage from the initial immune response allows “presentation” of new epitopes to auto-reactive T cells. Our findings appear to conflict with this hypothesis. Potential mechanisms of relapse suppression by pertussis toxin will be discussed.
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