1
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Chen K, Jiao X, Di Rocco A, Shen D, Xu S, Ertel A, Yu Z, Di Sante G, Wang M, Li Z, Pestell TG, Casimiro MC, Skordalakes E, Achilefu S, Pestell RG. Endogenous Cyclin D1 Promotes the Rate of Onset and Magnitude of Mitogenic Signaling via Akt1 Ser473 Phosphorylation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112595. [PMID: 37224013 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
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2
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Chen K, Jiao X, Ashton A, Di Rocco A, Pestell TG, Sun Y, Zhao J, Casimiro MC, Li Z, Lisanti MP, McCue PA, Shen D, Achilefu S, Rui H, Pestell RG. The membrane-associated form of cyclin D1 enhances cellular invasion. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:83. [PMID: 32948740 PMCID: PMC7501870 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential G1-cyclin, CCND1, is a collaborative nuclear oncogene that is frequently overexpressed in cancer. D-type cyclins bind and activate CDK4 and CDK6 thereby contributing to G1–S cell-cycle progression. In addition to the nucleus, herein cyclin D1 was also located in the cytoplasmic membrane. In contrast with the nuclear-localized form of cyclin D1 (cyclin D1NL), the cytoplasmic membrane-localized form of cyclin D1 (cyclin D1MEM) induced transwell migration and the velocity of cellular migration. The cyclin D1MEM was sufficient to induce G1–S cell-cycle progression, cellular proliferation, and colony formation. The cyclin D1MEM was sufficient to induce phosphorylation of the serine threonine kinase Akt (Ser473) and augmented extranuclear localized 17β-estradiol dendrimer conjugate (EDC)-mediated phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473). These studies suggest distinct subcellular compartments of cell cycle proteins may convey distinct functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Anthony Ashton
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Agnese Di Rocco
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Timothy G Pestell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Yunguang Sun
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jun Zhao
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Mathew C Casimiro
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA.,Dept of Science and Math, Abraham Baldwin Agricultural college, Tifton, GA, 31794, Georgia
| | - Zhiping Li
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A McCue
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Duanwen Shen
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Departments of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hallgeir Rui
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA. .,The Wistar Cancer Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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3
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Pestell TG, Jiao X, Kumar M, Peck AR, Prisco M, Deng S, Li Z, Ertel A, Casimiro MC, Ju X, Di Rocco A, Di Sante G, Katiyar S, Shupp A, Lisanti MP, Jain P, Wu K, Rui H, Hooper DC, Yu Z, Goldman AR, Speicher DW, Laury-Kleintop L, Pestell RG. Stromal cyclin D1 promotes heterotypic immune signaling and breast cancer growth. Oncotarget 2017; 8:81754-81775. [PMID: 29137220 PMCID: PMC5669846 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclin D1 gene encodes the regulatory subunit of a holoenzyme that drives cell autonomous cell cycle progression and proliferation. Herein we show cyclin D1 abundance is increased >30-fold in the stromal fibroblasts of patients with invasive breast cancer, associated with poor outcome. Cyclin D1 transformed hTERT human fibroblast to a cancer-associated fibroblast phenotype. Stromal fibroblast expression of cyclin D1 (cyclin D1Stroma) in vivo, enhanced breast epithelial cancer tumor growth, restrained apoptosis, and increased autophagy. Cyclin D1Stroma had profound effects on the breast tumor microenvironment increasing the recruitment of F4/80+ and CD11b+ macrophages and increasing angiogenesis. Cyclin D1Stroma induced secretion of factors that promoted expansion of stem cells (breast stem-like cells, embryonic stem cells and bone marrow derived stem cells). Cyclin D1Stroma resulted in increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (CCL2, CCL7, CCL11, CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL9, CXCL12), CSF (CSF1, GM-CSF1) and osteopontin (OPN) (30-fold). OPN was induced by cyclin D1 in fibroblasts, breast epithelial cells and in the murine transgenic mammary gland and OPN was sufficient to induce stem cell expansion. These results demonstrate that cyclin D1Stroma drives tumor microenvironment heterocellular signaling, promoting several key hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G Pestell
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy R Peck
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Marco Prisco
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shengqiong Deng
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam Ertel
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mathew C Casimiro
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | - Xiaoming Ju
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Agnese Di Rocco
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | - Gabriele Di Sante
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | - Sanjay Katiyar
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alison Shupp
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, School of Environment and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, England, UK
| | - Pooja Jain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine & Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hallgeir Rui
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Douglas C Hooper
- Department of Microbiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zuoren Yu
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, USA.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aaron R Goldman
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David W Speicher
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Richard G Pestell
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Wynnewood, PA, USA.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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4
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Casimiro MC, Di Sante G, Di Rocco A, Loro E, Pupo C, Pestell TG, Bisetto S, Velasco-Velázquez MA, Jiao X, Li Z, Kusminski CM, Seifert EL, Wang C, Ly D, Zheng B, Shen CH, Scherer PE, Pestell RG. Cyclin D1 Restrains Oncogene-Induced Autophagy by Regulating the AMPK-LKB1 Signaling Axis. Cancer Res 2017; 77:3391-3405. [PMID: 28522753 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy activated after DNA damage or other stresses mitigates cellular damage by removing damaged proteins, lipids, and organelles. Activation of the master metabolic kinase AMPK enhances autophagy. Here we report that cyclin D1 restrains autophagy by modulating the activation of AMPK. In cell models of human breast cancer or in a cyclin D1-deficient model, we observed a cyclin D1-mediated reduction in AMPK activation. Mechanistic investigations showed that cyclin D1 inhibited mitochondrial function, promoted glycolysis, and reduced activation of AMPK (pT172), possibly through a mechanism that involves cyclin D1-Cdk4/Cdk6 phosphorylation of LKB1. Our findings suggest how AMPK activation by cyclin D1 may couple cell proliferation to energy homeostasis. Cancer Res; 77(13); 3391-405. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew C Casimiro
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center (PCARM), Doylestown, Pennsylvania.,Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center of Bucks County at Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, Pennsylvania
| | - Gabriele Di Sante
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center (PCARM), Doylestown, Pennsylvania.,Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center of Bucks County at Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, Pennsylvania
| | - Agnese Di Rocco
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center (PCARM), Doylestown, Pennsylvania.,Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center of Bucks County at Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, Pennsylvania
| | - Emanuele Loro
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Claudia Pupo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy G Pestell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sara Bisetto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Erin L Seifert
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Ly
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bin Zheng
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Che-Hung Shen
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center (PCARM), Doylestown, Pennsylvania. .,Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center of Bucks County at Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, Pennsylvania
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5
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Di Sante G, Casimiro MC, Pestell TG, Pestell RG. Time-Lapse Video Microscopy for Assessment of EYFP-Parkin Aggregation as a Marker for Cellular Mitophagy. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27168174 DOI: 10.3791/53657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-lapse video microscopy can be defined as the real time imaging of living cells. This technique relies on the collection of images at different time points. Time intervals can be set through a computer interface that controls the microscope-integrated camera. This kind of microscopy requires both the ability to acquire very rapid events and the signal generated by the observed cellular structure during these events. After the images have been collected, a movie of the entire experiment is assembled to show the dynamic of the molecular events of interest. Time-lapse video microscopy has a broad range of applications in the biomedical research field and is a powerful and unique tool for following the dynamics of the cellular events in real time. Through this technique, we can assess cellular events such as migration, division, signal transduction, growth, and death. Moreover, using fluorescent molecular probes we are able to mark specific molecules, such as DNA, RNA or proteins and follow them through their molecular pathways and functions. Time-lapse video microscopy has multiple advantages, the major one being the ability to collect data at the single-cell level, that make it a unique technology for investigation in the field of cell biology. However, time-lapse video microscopy has limitations that can interfere with the acquisition of high quality images. Images can be compromised by both external factors; temperature fluctuations, vibrations, humidity and internal factors; pH, cell motility. Herein, we describe a protocol for the dynamic acquisition of a specific protein, Parkin, fused with the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) in order to track the selective removal of damaged mitochondria, using a time-lapse video microscopy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard G Pestell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, SKCC; Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, SKCC; Kazan Federal University;
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6
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Di Sante G, Pestell TG, Casimiro MC, Bisetto S, Powell MJ, Lisanti MP, Cordon-Cardo C, Castillo-Martin M, Bonal DM, Debattisti V, Chen K, Wang L, He X, McBurney MW, Pestell RG. Loss of Sirt1 promotes prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, reduces mitophagy, and delays PARK2 translocation to mitochondria. Am J Pathol 2015; 185:266-79. [PMID: 25529796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is a precursor to prostate cancer. Herein, deletion of the NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylase Sirt1 induced histological features of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia at 7 months of age; these features were associated with increased cell proliferation and enhanced mitophagy. In human prostate cancer, lower Sirt1 expression in the luminal epithelium was associated with poor prognosis. Genetic deletion of Sirt1 increased mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2) acetylation of lysine residue 68, thereby enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reducing SOD2 activity. The PARK2 gene, which has several features of a tumor suppressor, encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase that participates in removal of damaged mitochondria via mitophagy. Increased ROS in Sirt1(-/-) cells enhanced the recruitment of Park2 to the mitochondria, inducing mitophagy. Sirt1 restoration inhibited PARK2 translocation and ROS production requiring the Sirt1 catalytic domain. Thus, the NAD(+)-dependent inhibition of SOD2 activity and ROS by SIRT1 provides a gatekeeper function to reduce PARK2-mediated mitophagy and aberrant cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Di Sante
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy G Pestell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mathew C Casimiro
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sara Bisetto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Powell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology and Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Mireia Castillo-Martin
- Department of Pathology and Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Dennis M Bonal
- Department of Pathology and Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Valentina Debattisti
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, MitoCare Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaohong He
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael W McBurney
- Department of Medicine and Biochemistry, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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7
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Di Sante G, Wang L, Wang C, Jiao X, Casimiro MC, Chen K, Pestell TG, Yaman I, Di Rocco A, Sun X, Horio Y, Powell MJ, He X, McBurney MW, Pestell RG. Sirt1-deficient mice have hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to defective GnRH neuronal migration. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 29:200-12. [PMID: 25545407 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypogonadatropic hypogonadism (HH) can be acquired through energy restriction or may be inherited as congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and its anosmia-associated form, Kallmann's syndrome. Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is associated with mutations in a group of genes that impact fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) function. The Sirt1 gene encodes a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent histone deacetylase that links intracellular metabolic stress to gene expression. Herein Sirt1(-/-) mice are shown to have HH due to failed GnRH neuronal migration. Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) catalytic function induces GnRH neuronal migration via binding and deacetylating cortactin. Sirt1 colocalized with cortactin in GnRH neurons in vitro. Sirt1 colocalization with cortactin was regulated in an FGF8/fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 dependent manner. The profound effect of Sirt1 on the hormonal status of Sirt1(-/-) mice, mediated via defective GnRH neuronal migration, links energy metabolism directly to the hypogonadal state. Sirt1-cortactin may serve as the distal transducer of neuronal migration mediated by the FGF8 synexpression group of genes that govern HH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Di Sante
- Department of Cancer Biology (G.D.S., L.W., C.W., X.J., M.C.C., K.C., T.G.P., I.Y., X.S., M.J.P., R.G.P.) and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center (G.D.S., L.W., C.W., X.J., M.C.C., K.C., T.G.P., I.Y., X.S., M.J.P., R.G.P.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107; Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopedics (A.D.R.), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Pharmacology (Y.H.), Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry (X.H., M.W.M.) and Microbiology and Immunology (X.H., M.W.M.), Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4E9
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8
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Mercier I, Gonzales DM, Quann K, Pestell TG, Molchansky A, Sotgia F, Hulit J, Gandara R, Wang C, Pestell RG, Lisanti MP, Jasmin JF. CAPER, a novel regulator of human breast cancer progression. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1256-64. [PMID: 24621503 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CAPER is an estrogen receptor (ER) co-activator that was recently shown to be involved in human breast cancer pathogenesis. Indeed, we reported increased expression of CAPER in human breast cancer specimens. We demonstrated that CAPER was undetectable or expressed at relatively low levels in normal breast tissue and assumed a cytoplasmic distribution. In contrast, CAPER was expressed at higher levels in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) specimens, where it assumed a predominantly nuclear distribution. However, the functional role of CAPER in human breast cancer initiation and progression remained unknown. Here, we used a lentiviral-mediated gene silencing approach to reduce the expression of CAPER in the ER-positive human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The proliferation and tumorigenicity of MCF-7 cells stably expressing control or human CAPER shRNAs was then determined via both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Knockdown of CAPER expression significantly reduced the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in vitro. Importantly, nude mice injected with MCF-7 cells harboring CAPER shRNAs developed smaller tumors than mice injected with MCF-7 cells harboring control shRNAs. Mechanistically, tumors derived from mice injected with MCF-7 cells harboring CAPER shRNAs displayed reduced expression of the cell cycle regulators PCNA, MCM7, and cyclin D1, and the protein synthesis marker 4EBP1. In conclusion, knockdown of CAPER expression markedly reduced human breast cancer cell proliferation in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Mechanistically, knockdown of CAPER abrogated the activity of proliferative and protein synthesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Mercier
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine; Kimmel Cancer Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Philadelphia College of Pharmacy; University of the Sciences in Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Donna M Gonzales
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine; Kimmel Cancer Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kevin Quann
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine; Kimmel Cancer Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy G Pestell
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine; Kimmel Cancer Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Molchansky
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine; Kimmel Cancer Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Federica Sotgia
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine; Kimmel Cancer Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA, USA; Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit; Institute of Cancer Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester, UK
| | - James Hulit
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit; Institute of Cancer Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester, UK
| | - Ricardo Gandara
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit; Institute of Cancer Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester, UK
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine; Kimmel Cancer Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Department of Cancer Biology; Kimmel Cancer Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine; Kimmel Cancer Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA, USA; Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit; Institute of Cancer Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester, UK
| | - Jean-François Jasmin
- Department of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine; Kimmel Cancer Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Philadelphia College of Pharmacy; University of the Sciences in Philadelphia; Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Sun X, Jiao X, Pestell TG, Fan C, Qin S, Mirabelli E, Ren H, Pestell RG. MicroRNAs and cancer stem cells: the sword and the shield. Oncogene 2013; 33:4967-77. [PMID: 24240682 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging chemotherapy drugs and targeted therapies have been widely applied in anticancer treatment and have given oncologists a promising future. Nevertheless, regeneration and recurrence are still huge obstacles on the way to cure cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are capable of self-renewal, tumor initiation, recurrence, metastasis, therapy resistance, and reside as a subset in many, if not all, cancers. Therefore, therapeutics specifically targeting and killing CSCs are being identified, and may be promising and effective strategies to eliminate cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs), small noncoding RNAs regulating gene expression in a post-transcriptional manner, are dysregulated in most malignancies and are identified as important regulators of CSCs. However, limited knowledge exists for biological and molecular mechanism by which miRNAs regulate CSCs. In this article, we review CSCs, miRNAs and the interactions between miRNA regulation and CSCs, with a specific focus on the molecular mechanisms and clinical applications. This review will help us to know in detail how CSCs are regulated by miRNAs networks and also help to develop more effective and secure miRNA-based clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Sun
- 1] Oncology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China [2] Departments of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - X Jiao
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T G Pestell
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Fan
- Cardiovascular Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - S Qin
- 1] Oncology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China [2] New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Mirabelli
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H Ren
- Oncology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - R G Pestell
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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10
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Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subpopulation of cells within tumors with capabilities of self-renewal, differentiation, and tumorigenicity when transplanted into an animal host. A number of cell surface markers such as CD44, CD24, and CD133 are often used to identify and enrich CSCs. A regulatory network consisting of microRNAs and Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and Hedgehog signaling pathways controls CSC properties. The clinical relevance of CSCs has been strengthened by emerging evidence, demonstrating that CSCs are resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation treatment and that CSCs are very likely to be the origin of cancer metastasis. CSCs are believed to be an important target for novel anti-cancer drug discovery. Herein we summarize the current understanding of CSCs, with a focus on the role of miRNA and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and discuss the clinical application of targeting CSCs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoren Yu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
- Zuoren Yu, Ph.D. Research Center for Translational Medicine East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200120 China
| | - Timothy G. Pestell
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10 St. Philadelphia PA 19107
| | - Michael P. Lisanti
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10 St. Philadelphia PA 19107
| | - Richard G. Pestell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10 St. Philadelphia PA 19107
- Correspondence to: Richard G. Pestell, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Cancer Biology Thomas Jefferson University Kimmel Cancer Center 233 S 10th Street, Suite 1050 Philadelphia, PA 19107 Tel: 215-503-5692, Fax: 215-503-9334
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11
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Capparelli C, Chiavarina B, Whitaker-Menezes D, Pestell TG, Pestell RG, Hulit J, Andò S, Howell A, Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. CDK inhibitors (p16/p19/p21) induce senescence and autophagy in cancer-associated fibroblasts, "fueling" tumor growth via paracrine interactions, without an increase in neo-angiogenesis. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:3599-610. [PMID: 22935696 PMCID: PMC3478311 DOI: 10.4161/cc.21884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we investigated the compartment-specific role of cell cycle arrest and senescence in breast cancer tumor growth. For this purpose, we generated a number of hTERT-immortalized senescent fibroblast cell lines overexpressing CDK inhibitors, such as p16(INK4A), p19(ARF) or p21(WAF1/CIP1). Interestingly, all these senescent fibroblast cell lines showed evidence of increased susceptibility toward the induction of autophagy (either at baseline or after starvation), as well as significant mitochondrial dysfunction. Most importantly, these senescent fibroblasts also dramatically promoted tumor growth (up to ~2-fold), without any comparable increases in tumor angiogenesis. Conversely, we generated human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 cells) overexpressing CDK inhibitors, namely p16(INK4A) or p21(WAF1/CIP1). Senescent MDA-MB-231 cells also showed increased expression of markers of cell cycle arrest and autophagy, including β-galactosidase, as predicted. Senescent MDA-MB-231 cells had retarded tumor growth, with up to a near 2-fold reduction in tumor volume. Thus, the effects of CDK inhibitors are compartment-specific and are related to their metabolic effects, which results in the induction of autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, induction of cell cycle arrest with specific inhibitors (PD0332991) or cellular stressors [hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) or starvation] indicated that the onset of autophagy and senescence are inextricably linked biological processes. The compartment-specific induction of senescence (and hence autophagy) may be a new therapeutic target that could be exploited for the successful treatment of human breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Capparelli
- The Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Capparelli C, Whitaker-Menezes D, Guido C, Balliet R, Pestell TG, Howell A, Sneddon S, Pestell RG, Martinez-Outschoorn U, Lisanti MP, Sotgia F. CTGF drives autophagy, glycolysis and senescence in cancer-associated fibroblasts via HIF1 activation, metabolically promoting tumor growth. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:2272-84. [PMID: 22684333 PMCID: PMC3383589 DOI: 10.4161/cc.20717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that loss of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in stromal cells drives the activation of the TGF-β signaling, with increased transcription of TGF-β target genes, such as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). In addition, loss of stromal Cav-1 results in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer-associated fibroblasts, with the induction of autophagy and glycolysis. However, it remains unknown if activation of the TGF-β / CTGF pathway regulates the metabolism of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Therefore, we investigated whether CTGF modulates metabolism in the tumor microenvironment. For this purpose, CTGF was overexpressed in normal human fibroblasts or MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Overexpression of CTGF induces HIF-1α-dependent metabolic alterations, with the induction of autophagy/mitophagy, senescence, and glycolysis. Here, we show that CTGF exerts compartment-specific effects on tumorigenesis, depending on the cell-type. In a xenograft model, CTGF overexpressing fibroblasts promote the growth of co-injected MDA-MB-231 cells, without any increases in angiogenesis. Conversely, CTGF overexpression in MDA-MB-231 cells dramatically inhibits tumor growth in mice. Intriguingly, increased extracellular matrix deposition was seen in tumors with either fibroblast or MDA-MB-231 overexpression of CTGF. Thus, the effects of CTGF expression on tumor formation are independent of its extracellular matrix function, but rather depend on its ability to activate catabolic metabolism. As such, CTGF-mediated induction of autophagy in fibroblasts supports tumor growth via the generation of recycled nutrients, whereas CTGF-mediated autophagy in breast cancer cells suppresses tumor growth, via tumor cell self-digestion. Our studies shed new light on the compartment-specific role of CTGF in mammary tumorigenesis, and provide novel insights into the mechanism(s) generating a lethal tumor microenvironment in patients lacking stromal Cav-1. As loss of Cav-1 is a stromal marker of poor clinical outcome in women with primary breast cancer, dissecting the downstream signaling effects of Cav-1 are important for understanding disease pathogenesis, and identifying novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Capparelli
- The Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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13
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Capparelli C, Guido C, Whitaker-Menezes D, Bonuccelli G, Balliet R, Pestell TG, Goldberg AF, Pestell RG, Howell A, Sneddon S, Birbe R, Tsirigos A, Martinez-Outschoorn U, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. Autophagy and senescence in cancer-associated fibroblasts metabolically supports tumor growth and metastasis via glycolysis and ketone production. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:2285-302. [PMID: 22684298 PMCID: PMC3383590 DOI: 10.4161/cc.20718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescent fibroblasts are known to promote tumor growth. However, the exact mechanism remains largely unknown. An important clue comes from recent studies linking autophagy with the onset of senescence. Thus, autophagy and senescence may be part of the same physiological process, known as the autophagy-senescence transition (AST). To test this hypothesis, human fibroblasts immortalized with telomerase (hTERT-BJ1) were stably transfected with autophagy genes (BNIP3, CTSB or ATG16L1). Their overexpression was sufficient to induce a constitutive autophagic phenotype, with features of mitophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction and a shift toward aerobic glycolysis, resulting in L-lactate and ketone body production. Autophagic fibroblasts also showed features of senescence, with increased p21(WAF1/CIP1), a CDK inhibitor, cellular hypertrophy and increased β-galactosidase activity. Thus, we genetically validated the existence of the autophagy-senescence transition. Importantly, autophagic-senescent fibroblasts promoted tumor growth and metastasis, when co-injected with human breast cancer cells, independently of angiogenesis. Autophagic-senescent fibroblasts stimulated mitochondrial metabolism in adjacent cancer cells, when the two cell types were co-cultured, as visualized by MitoTracker staining. In particular, autophagic ATG16L1 fibroblasts, which produced large amounts of ketone bodies (3-hydroxy-butyrate), had the strongest effects and promoted metastasis by up to 11-fold. Conversely, expression of ATG16L1 in epithelial cancer cells inhibited tumor growth, indicating that the effects of autophagy are compartment-specific. Thus, autophagic-senescent fibroblasts metabolically promote tumor growth and metastasis, by paracrine production of high-energy mitochondrial fuels. Our current studies provide genetic support for the importance of “two-compartment tumor metabolism” in driving tumor growth and metastasis via a simple energy transfer mechanism. Finally, β-galactosidase, a known lysosomal enzyme and biomarker of senescence, was localized to the tumor stroma in human breast cancer tissues, providing in vivo support for our hypothesis. Bioinformatic analysis of genome-wide transcriptional profiles from tumor stroma, isolated from human breast cancers, also validated the onset of an autophagy-senescence transition. Taken together, these studies establish a new functional link between host aging, autophagy, the tumor microenvironment and cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Capparelli
- The Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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14
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Velasco-Velázquez M, Jiao X, De La Fuente M, Pestell TG, Ertel A, Lisanti MP, Pestell RG. CCR5 antagonist blocks metastasis of basal breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 2012; 72:3839-50. [PMID: 22637726 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The roles of the chemokine CCL5 and its receptor CCR5 in breast cancer progression remain unclear. Here, we conducted microarray analysis on 2,254 human breast cancer specimens and found increased expression of CCL5 and its receptor CCR5, but not CCR3, in the basal and HER-2 genetic subtypes. The subpopulation of human breast cancer cell lines found to express CCR5 displayed a functional response to CCL5. In addition, oncogene transformation induced CCR5 expression, and the subpopulation of cells that expressed functional CCR5 also displayed increased invasiveness. The CCR5 antagonists maraviroc or vicriviroc, developed to block CCR5 HIV coreceptor function, reduced in vitro invasion of basal breast cancer cells without affecting cell proliferation or viability, and maraviroc decreased pulmonary metastasis in a preclinical mouse model of breast cancer. Taken together, our findings provide evidence for the key role of CCL5/CCR5 in the invasiveness of basal breast cancer cells and suggest that CCR5 antagonists may be used as an adjuvant therapy to reduce the risk of metastasis in patients with the basal breast cancer subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Velasco-Velázquez
- Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology and Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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15
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Balliet RM, Capparelli C, Guido C, Pestell TG, Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Lin Z, Whitaker-Menezes D, Chiavarina B, Pestell RG, Howell A, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. Mitochondrial oxidative stress in cancer-associated fibroblasts drives lactate production, promoting breast cancer tumor growth: understanding the aging and cancer connection. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:4065-73. [PMID: 22129993 PMCID: PMC3272288 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.23.18254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing chronological age is the most significant risk factor for cancer. Recently, we proposed a new paradigm for understanding the role of the aging and the tumor microenvironment in cancer onset. In this model, cancer cells induce oxidative stress in adjacent stromal fibroblasts. This, in turn, causes several changes in the phenotype of the fibroblast including mitochondrial dysfunction, hydrogen peroxide production, and aerobic glycolysis, resulting in high levels of L-lactate production. L-lactate is then transferred from these glycolytic fibroblasts to adjacent epithelial cancer cells and used as "fuel" for oxidative mitochondrial metabolism. Here, we created a new pre-clinical model system to directly test this hypothesis experimentally. To synthetically generate glycolytic fibroblasts, we genetically-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by knocking down TFAM using an sh-RNA approach. TFAM is mitochondrial transcription factor A, which is important in functionally maintaining the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Interestingly, TFAM-deficient fibroblasts showed evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, with the loss of certain mitochondrial respiratory chain components, and the over-production of hydrogen peroxide and L-lactate. Thus, TFAM-deficient fibroblasts underwent metabolic reprogramming towards aerobic glycolysis. Most importantly, TFAM-deficient fibroblasts significantly promoted tumor growth, as assayed using a human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) xenograft model. These increases in glycolytic fibroblast driven tumor growth were independent of tumor angiogenesis. Mechanistically, TFAM-deficient fibroblasts increased the mitochondrial activity of adjacent epithelial cancer cells in a co-culture system, as seen using MitoTracker. Finally, TFAM-deficient fibroblasts also showed a loss of caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a known breast cancer stromal biomarker. Loss of stromal fibroblast Cav-1 is associated with early tumor recurrence, metastasis, and treatment failure, resulting in poor clinical outcome in breast cancer patients. Thus, this new experimental model system, employing glycolytic fibroblasts, may be highly clinically relevant. These studies also have implications for understanding the role of hydrogen peroxide production in oxidative damage and "host cell aging," in providing a permissive metabolic microenvironment for promoting and sustaining tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee M Balliet
- The Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine; Cancer Biology; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Claudia Capparelli
- The Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine; Cancer Biology; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Carmela Guido
- The Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine; Cancer Biology; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Timothy G Pestell
- The Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine; Cancer Biology; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Ubaldo E Martinez-Outschoorn
- The Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine; Cancer Biology; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
- Medical Oncology; Kimmel Cancer Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Zhao Lin
- The Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine; Cancer Biology; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Diana Whitaker-Menezes
- The Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine; Cancer Biology; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Barbara Chiavarina
- The Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine; Cancer Biology; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Richard G Pestell
- The Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine; Cancer Biology; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Anthony Howell
- Manchester Breast Centre & Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit; Paterson Institute for Cancer Research; School of Cancer; Enabling Sciences and Technology; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; University of Manchester; UK
| | - Federica Sotgia
- The Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine; Cancer Biology; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
- Manchester Breast Centre & Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit; Paterson Institute for Cancer Research; School of Cancer; Enabling Sciences and Technology; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; University of Manchester; UK
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- The Jefferson Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine; Cancer Biology; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
- Medical Oncology; Kimmel Cancer Center; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia, PA USA
- Manchester Breast Centre & Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit; Paterson Institute for Cancer Research; School of Cancer; Enabling Sciences and Technology; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; University of Manchester; UK
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16
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Jiao X, Katiyar S, Liu M, Mueller SC, Lisanti MP, Li A, Pestell TG, Wu K, Ju X, Li Z, Wagner EF, Takeya T, Wang C, Pestell RG. Disruption of c-Jun reduces cellular migration and invasion through inhibition of c-Src and hyperactivation of ROCK II kinase. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19:1378-90. [PMID: 18216279 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-08-0753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of metastatic tumors to different organs is associated with poor prognosis. The metastatic process requires migration and cellular invasion. The protooncogene c-jun encodes the founding member of the activator protein-1 family and is required for cellular proliferation and DNA synthesis in response to oncogenic signals and plays an essential role in chemical carcinogenesis. The role of c-Jun in cellular invasion remains to be defined. Genetic deletion of c-Jun in transgenic mice is embryonic lethal; therefore, transgenic mice encoding a c-Jun gene flanked by LoxP sites (c-jun(f/f)) were used. c-jun gene deletion reduced c-Src expression, hyperactivated ROCK II signaling, and reduced cellular polarity, migration, and invasiveness. c-Jun increased c-Src mRNA abundance and c-Src promoter activity involving an AP-1 site in the c-Src promoter. Transduction of c-jun(-/-) cells with either c-Jun or c-Src retroviral expression systems restored the defective cellular migration of c-jun(-/-) cells. As c-Src is a critical component of pathways regulating proliferation, survival, and metastasis, the induction of c-Src abundance, by c-Jun, provides a novel mechanism of cooperative signaling in cellular invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanmao Jiao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Medical Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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17
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Fu M, Liu M, Sauve AA, Jiao X, Zhang X, Wu X, Powell MJ, Yang T, Gu W, Avantaggiati ML, Pattabiraman N, Pestell TG, Wang F, Quong AA, Wang C, Pestell RG. Hormonal control of androgen receptor function through SIRT1. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:8122-35. [PMID: 16923962 PMCID: PMC1636736 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00289-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The NAD-dependent histone deacetylase Sir2 plays a key role in connecting cellular metabolism with gene silencing and aging. The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-regulated modular nuclear receptor governing prostate cancer cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in response to androgens, including dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Here, SIRT1 antagonists induce endogenous AR expression and enhance DHT-mediated AR expression. SIRT1 binds and deacetylates the AR at a conserved lysine motif. Human SIRT1 (hSIRT1) repression of DHT-induced AR signaling requires the NAD-dependent catalytic function of hSIRT1 and the AR lysine residues deacetylated by SIRT1. SIRT1 inhibited coactivator-induced interactions between the AR amino and carboxyl termini. DHT-induced prostate cancer cellular contact-independent growth is also blocked by SIRT1, providing a direct functional link between the AR, which is a critical determinant of progression of human prostate cancer, and the sirtuins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maofu Fu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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